Adaptive Learning Assignment (ALA)- Computer Hardware

Put the steps of the information processing cycle in the correct order, with the first step at the top.

(1) input (2) processing (3) output (4) storage

AMD

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5.

Which 3 of the following provide data storage?

Internal hard drive External hard drive solid-state drive (SSD)

The interface and connectivity of digital musical devices to computers is accomplished by using _____.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the __.

Monitor

File Server

Used for data storage.

This would plug into a computer's USB ____

port

Bus ___ is measured in bits. A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.

width

The amount of data that can be transmitted at a given time by a bus is called bus _____.

width

The amount of bits a processor can work with at any given time is referred to as ___ size.

word

The amount of bits a processor can work with at any given time is referred to as ___size.

word

Mainframe

- More powerful than a server, less powerful than a supercomputer. - Not designed to calculate huge formulas, but able to manage thousands of transactions simultaneously - Often operated by businesses such as large banks or credit card companies.

Supercomputer

- Most powerful type of computer., - Many of these are owned by research universities and government agencies such as the NSA - NASA uses them to determine gravitational fluctuations that might indicate additional planets in the solar system

Select 3 characteristics of a tablet computer.

-Has as a touchscreen -Is highly mobile -Usually has a mobile operating system

Gigabyte (GB)

1 billion bytes

Megabyte (MB)

1 million bytes

Kilobyte (KB)

1 thousand bytes

Terabyte (TB)

1 trillion bytes

Rank the storage capacities from highest to lowest. Place the highest capacity (largest) at the top.

1) Petabyte 2) Terabyte 3) Gigabyte 4) Megabyte 5) Kilobyte

Petabyte (PB)

1,000 terabytes

Which two of the following items are commonly included when you purchase a Windows PC laptop computer with a solid-state hard drive?

1. A universal serial bus (USB) port 2. An operating system

Which two of the following statements are true about the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) encoding standard?

1. Capable of representing 26 uppercase and lowercase letters used in the English language, numbers, and many different symbols. 2. Can represent a total of 256 characters

Which two of the following statements are true about Unicode?

1. Capable of representing all of the world's languages 2. 16 bit (minimum) encoding standard

Place the following steps in order to use the Disk Cleanup app on a Windows computer. Place the first step on top.

1. Click the cortana icon to open the search window 2. Type disk cleanup 3. In the disk cleanup dialog box, select the unused files 4. Click ok

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding a byte?

1. Equal to 8 bits 2. Each number, special character, and letter of the alphabet is represented as a byte

Tiffany wants to remove unwanted files from her laptop's hard drive. One of the fastest ways is to use Disk Cleanup. Place the following steps in order with the first step at the top.

1. From the start button menu, choose all programs, ->accessories, -> system tools, -> disk cleanup. Click OK, then delete files2. If prompted, choose the mass storage device that you want to clean up3. In the disk cleanup dialog box, select the items you want to remove4. Click ok, the delete files

In the image, what use approximately 1 byte of data?

3

This is a ___ connection

3.5mm

Processors typically have a word size of either ___ or ___.

32 bits; 64 bits

There are many protocols that are used to help streamline the communication of all digital devices. For example, Wi-Fi uses the _____ protocol. This protocol ensures that devices enabled with Wi-Fi can connect to any Wi-Fi network.

802.11

Some computers use _____ , an 8-bit coding scheme to represent characters in a binary format.

ASCII

The __ coding language uses 8 bits to represent a byte of information.

ASCII

Which of the following is not part of the boot process?

Any installed anti-virus software checks the system for errors

A short-distance wireless communications technology, ___, uses relatively short-wavelength radio waves to transfer data between devices like phones, speakers, and headphones.

Bluetooth

The short-range wireless transmission protocol, commonly used with smartphones and many other devices, is called ___ .

Bluetooth

Which computer component found on the motherboard (magnified in the image) is often called the brains of the computer?

CPU

Desktop computer

Designed for power users. Has a relatively large footprint.

Laptop computer

Designed for those who need a mobile computer but need to enter a large amount of data

All-in-one computer

Designed to stay on a desk. Provides a large monitor but takes up less space than a desktop computer

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

Disk cache

Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called ____ cables.

Ethernet

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.

Footprint

Intel

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market.

The ___ is a computer within your computer that creates images.

GPU (graphics processing unit)

Which three of the following colors are used to create pixels in most output devices?

Green Blue Red

The port/connector combination that is used for nearly all high-definition television or computer monitor connections for video and audio is ___.

HDMI

___ is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today.

HDMI

What is equal to one cycle per second?

Hertz

Tablet computer

Highly mobile device that can be used while standing or even walking

A TV remote usually uses _____ radio waves.

IR (infrared)

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is ___

Intel

The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself, is referred to as ___ cache.

L1

The connector and port developed for Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads is called _____.

Lightning

The port found on most iPhones (prior to the iPhone 15) is referred to as a __ port.

Lightning

The correct abbreviation for megahertz is:

MHz

This is a ___ connector.

MIDI

Which 3 of the following are storage devices?

Optical drive (with associated disc) External hard drive Universal serial bus (USB) drive

The Apple iPod, Google Chromecast, Amazon Kindle Fire and Roku are examples of _____ Media Players.

Personal

A set of rules for communication between devices that determine how data are transmitted and received is called a __.

Protocol

Which two of the following responses best define the term "resolution" in output devices?

Quality of the image Number of pixels in a display

Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the ___.

RAM

The person in the image is installing ____ into a computer.

RAM

____ is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

The ___ of monitors and other display devices is measured in pixels.

Resolution

A type of interface that enables communication between digital devices, allows data transfer, and for devices to be electrically charged is called Universal __ Bus

Serial

Which two of the following are computers?

Smartphone Gaming console

Which three of the following devices are computers?

Smartphone Laptop Desktop

Checking the hard drive on a device running Windows 10 can be done using the _____ app.

This PC

A coding scheme capable of representing the languages of the world, __ uses 16 bits to represent information.

UNICODE

This type of connector is the most common for connecting peripherals (printers, monitors, storage devices, etc.) to a computer.

USB

Which of the following is one of the ports shown in the image?

USB

This close-up of the side of a laptop computer. To the left of the HDMI port is a(n)___ .

VGA port

The standard for wireless Ethernet networks is known as _____.

Wi-Fi

This symbol universally stands for _____?

Wi-Fi

A stationary (non-mobile) computer that combines the power of a desktop with a neat, clean, look is a(n):

all-in-one

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers

all-in-one

If you want a non-mobile computer without the relatively large footprint of a desktop, consider purchasing a(n) ___ computer.

all-in-one

Lightning connectors were developed by ___.

apple

Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___ .

apps (applications)

Gigahertz means one _____ cycles (instructions) per second.

billion

Represented by either a 0 or 1, a ____ is the smallest unit of data a computer can process.

bit

The smallest unit of storage is called a ___. It is the data held or processed by a single transistor.

bit

A short-range wireless transmission protocol is known as _____.

bluetooth

The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the ___ process.

boot

A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a _____.

bus

A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a ___

bus or computer bus

The three factors that impact a processor's speed are clock speed, word size, and ___ .

bus width

The three factors that impact processor speed are clock speed, word size, and _____ .

bus width

Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____ .

buses

Eight bits combined together equal one

byte

Memory and ___ hold data used by processors.

cache

The amount of instructions the CPU can process per second is dictated by the ___

clock

Clock speed, also referred to as _____ _____, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and instructions executed by the digital device.

clock rate

A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a ____.

computer

A digital device that accepts input, processes data into information, stores data, and provides output is a

computer or laptop

To reduce the time it takes to find files on a hard drive it is a good idea to _____ your hard drive.

defragment

A personal computer with a separate system unit (chassis or tower) and a relatively large footprint is called a ___ .

desktop

The computer in the image is a ___

desktop

This personal computer is a good choice for gamers who want to be able to expand its capabilities and for families with children who might drop a laptop. It's called a ___ computer.

desktop

Screen size is measured ___ across the monitor.

diagonally

Screen size is measured ____ from one corner of the screen to the other.

diagonally or diagonal

The computer that can be found inside a programmable coffee pot is referred to as a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system.

embedded

This is ___ cable.

ethernet

Which of the following is fastest?

gigahertz

The depiction of image data on a display or output device is called

graphics

The graphics adapter inside a digital device is also called the

graphics

The output of a computer that creates a visual image is called ___.

graphics

The output of visual images created by a computer is known as ____.

graphics

The physical parts of a computer such as the system unit (like the tower unit shown) or a monitor are referred to as computer

hardware

A unit of frequency representing one cycle per second is___

hertz

IrDA stands for the __ Data Association which establishes the protocols for infrared communication transfer.

infrared

T.V. remotes use ___ signals.

infrared

Which important process is performed by the CPU?

machine cycle

A desktop computer will typically use a ___ for most internal storage.

magnetic hardrive

An organization that needs to process thousands of simultaneous transactions probably has a ___ computer

mainframe

Megahertz means one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second.

million

High-Definition Interface is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.

multimedia

The actual number of pixels (resolution) in a monitor is called ___ resolution.

native

The actual number of pixels in a monitor is called ___.

native resolution

Changing processor setting so that computer runs faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called

overclocking

Running the processor faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called _____. This can increase performance and speed, but also can also void the manufacturer warranty.

overclocking

The smallest element of an electronic image is called a _____.

pixel

Wi-Fi waves are basically _____ waves.

radio

The quality of a display screen, as defined by its number of pixels, is called its___

resolution

A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a ____.

single-core processor

A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.

smartphone

Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.

storage

Most desktop computers come with a traditional hard drive. The purpose of the hard drive is to

store

The most powerful computers, ___, can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.

supercomputers

A computer that is highly mobile, often has a smaller operating system (OS), and uses a touchscreen as the primary input method is called a _____.

tablet

A highly mobile, touch-screen enabled device that is larger than a smartphone and popular with those who use a computer while walking around is a ____ computer

tablet or iPad

One type of storage device is a ___ .

universal serial bus (USB) drive

Jorge wants to check the hard drive capacity of his Windows laptop through the System menu. Place the following steps in order with the first step at the top.

1. Click the Windows icon to open the Start menu 2. Click the Settings icon to open the Settings menu 3. Click system 4. Click storage

Click 3 characteristics of desktop computers.

1. Desktops are often used in offices since they do not need to be mobile. 2. Desktops allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion. 3. Desktops use a full OS.

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?

1. Full operating system 2. Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad 3. Mobile

For which of the following two reasons, you might purchase a tablet computer rather than a laptop?

1. You need a computer that you can use while walking 2. You need a highly mobile computer that works well for reading e-books or Netflix

Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a(n) ___

2-in-1

The windows 10 app used remove unwanted files from your computer's hard drive is called ____ Cleanup.

Disk

Most tablets have solid-state drive (SSD) capacities measured in terabytes (TBs).

False

The only major difference between MacBooks and the Dell laptops is their prices.

False

Which four steps are the part of the machine cycle?

Fetch, decode, execute, and store

Nvidia

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors.

Memory located directly on the processor itself

L1 cache

Memory located next to the processor

L3 cache

The computer in the image is a ___

Laptop

The devices shown in the image (iPod, Chromecast, Roku, etc.) are referred to as Personal ___ Players

Media

Which of the following are being shown in this image?

Ports

IPOS refers to the four basic computing functions. IPOS stands for Input, ___, Output, and Storage.

Processing

Solid ___ Drives (SSDs) are all-electronic storage devices that are used in a variety of products including smartphones, cameras, and tablet computers. SSDs have no moving parts, which makes them faster and more durable than hard drives.

State

The computer in the image is a ___

Tablet

Which two of the following are used for measuring typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?

Terabytes Gigabytes

Web Server

Used to control access to resources on the Web.

Network Server

Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.

Which three of the following are common types of servers?

Web Server Network Server File Server

In addition to the RAM, modern processors temporarily keep frequently accessed data in a _____.

cache

Hard drive ____ is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

capacity, space, or size

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

A computer that is integrated (is a part of) with a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system (RTOS).

embedded

Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in _____.

gigabytes

The physical parts of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit are called computer ___ .

hardware

Because they have no moving parts, solid-state drives (SSDs) costs tend to be ___.

higher

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a

mainframe

The system unit of a computer houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the

motherboard

Cache contains frequently accessed data and is ___.

much smaller than computer's RAM

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and capable of executing two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ____-core processor.

multi

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ___ -core processor.

multicores

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.

not saved

All computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the ___

processor

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a

server

A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a ____ device.

storage

The location of the computer's ___ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on the type of computer. For example, in this laptop, it is located under the keyboard.

system

A two-in-one computer combines a large tablet computer with a (usually) detachable ___

keyboard

A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.

laptop

This personal computer is called a notebook or a . It is popular with students because it is relatively affordable and powerful and the integrated keyboard makes it easy to input text.

laptop or laptop computer

Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as ___only memory (ROM).

read

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a ___

server

A processor composed of one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a:

single-core processor

One way to delete unused files from your Windows hard drive is to use the Disk ___ app.

Cleanup

As you use your hard drive new files will be deleted and added. This can create a slower, more disorganized hard drive. To speed it up you may want to your hard drive. This process reduces unused disk sectors.

Defragment.