Additional Study Eco 4

D) most life on Earth would cease to exist because of the amount of UV radiation penetrating the atmosphere

If all of the stratospheric ozone suddenly disappeared, ________. A) insects would be the only organisms to survive B) Earthʹs surface would warm considerably C) there would be a dramatic decrease in skin cancers D) most life on Earth would cease to exist because of the amount of UV radiation penetrating the atmosphere E) plants would flourish

C) warmer and wetter; then it rises, expanding and cooling

Air near Earthʹs surface tends to be ________. A) cooler and wetter; then it rises, is warmed by the sun, and sinks again B) warmer and drier; then it rises, condensing and gathering moisture C) warmer and wetter; then it rises, expanding and cooling D) warmer; it rises as it is displaced by Coriolis forces E) cooler and drier; it rises when it is displaced by sinking warm air

A) a large farm

All of the following are examples of point sources of pollution except ________. A) a large farm B) a factory discharging wastes into a lake through a large outlet C) an overturned tanker truck that spills into a creek D) a sewer pipe E) a car repair shop dumping waste oil into the storm drain

E) blocks oxygen transport in human blood

Carbon monoxide ________. A) causes ozone depletion B) is a major component of the atmosphere C) is produced by plants during photosynthesis D) is consumed by plants for photosynthesis E) blocks oxygen transport in human blood

C) most of this is in polar ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers and is not easily accessed for human use

Chapter 12 Only about 2.5% of all the water on our planet is freshwater, however, ________. A) over half of this is in wetlands near coastlines and is becoming contaminated with saltwater B) over half of this is extremely hard water and is nearly unusable for drinking or agriculture C) most of this is in polar ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers and is not easily accessed for human use D) most of this is in underground aquifers E) most of this is in large, freshwater lakes

D) Hadley cells

Convective cells near the equator: A) tornado B) thermosphere C) thermal inversion D) Hadley cells E) hurricane F) thermocline G) stratosphere H) troposphere

A) tornado

Convective cyclonic storm arising when masses of cold and hot air collide: A) tornado B) thermosphere C) thermal inversion D) Hadley cells E) hurricane F) thermocline G) stratosphere H) troposphere

A) unsustainable

Data indicate that the present rate of freshwater consumption in most developed countries is ________. A) unsustainable B) irrelevant, as water is not currently limiting C) only a problem in areas not on the coast D) sustainable for the foreseeable future E) increasing groundwater storage and decreasing surface water storage

E) all of the above

Freshwater wetlands provide important ecosystem services, including ________. A) filtering pollutants B) slowing runoff C) reducing flooding D) recharging aquifers E) all of the above

G) stratosphere

Layer of the atmosphere containing the protective ozone layer: A) tornado B) thermosphere C) thermal inversion D) Hadley cells E) hurricane F) thermocline G) stratosphere H) troposphere

D) soil dust, wildfires, and volcanic dust

Natural sources of air pollution come from ________. A) birds B) evaporation of solvents C) internal combustion engines D) soil dust, wildfires, and volcanic dust E) coal-fired electrical plants

E) Hadley cells

Near the equator, the patterns of convection currents are called ________. A) El Niño events B) high-pressure cells C) Coriolis cells D) the troposphere E) Hadley cells

A) a decrease in the pH (ocean acidification)

Oceans have absorbed approximately one-third of the excess carbon dioxide that humans have added to Earthʹs atmosphere so far. This has slowed the progression of global climate change, but it has led to ________. A) a decrease in the pH (ocean acidification) B) loss of oxygen from the oceans C) increases in growth of coral reefs D) an increase in the pH of the worldʹs oceans E) growth of oyster populations worldwide

B) a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows

Of the following, ________ best describes floodplains. A) an area where flood irrigation of crops is used, such as a rice paddy B) a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows C) a region of land that has been deliberately, permanently flooded due to human disturbance, such as in dam building D) an area that is incidentally flooded when farming or mining operations change the course of rivers E) an area that is periodically flooded because humans have altered the landscape

D) carbon dioxide

Of the following, ________ is not yet regulated by the EPA. A) ozone B) sulfur and nitrogen oxides C) carbon monoxide D) carbon dioxide E) lead

D) groundwater

One-fifth of Earthʹs total fresh water supply is in ________. A) the tundra B) the ocean C) estuaries D) groundwater E) ponds

C) stratosphere

Ozone in the ________ is important for absorbing and scattering much of the UV radiation coming into Earthʹs atmosphere from the sun. A) troposphere B) thermosphere C) stratosphere D) mesosphere E) clouds

D) may take a variety of pathways through surface water or groundwater flow

Precipitation that falls on Earthʹs surface ________. A) is mostly taken up by plants or other organisms B) mostly runs off into salt marshes or the ocean C) is usually already unusable because of acid rain D) may take a variety of pathways through surface water or groundwater flow E) almost entirely filters down into the underground aquifers

D) may cause lung cancer when inhaled

Radon ________. A) in the atmosphere limits the availability of sunlight for plants B) contributes to the breakdown of the ozone layer C) is formed by the breakdown of the ozone layer D) may cause lung cancer when inhaled E) binds with hemoglobin, preventing binding with oxygen

C) thermal inversion

Reversal of normal vertical temperature distribution in the lower layers of the atmosphere A) tornado B) thermosphere C) thermal inversion D) Hadley cells E) hurricane F) thermocline G) stratosphere H) troposphere

B) is caused by Earthʹs rotational forces

The Coriolis effect ________. A) is caused by the moon B) is caused by Earthʹs rotational forces C) keeps the wind circulating at constant speed around the planet D) keeps Earth from spinning too fast E) results in ice and dark at the poles in winter

B) global wind patterns

The Coriolis effect contributes to ________. A) a reduction in eutrophication B) global wind patterns C) increased acidic deposition D) global warming E) an increase in eutrophication

H) troposphere

The bottom layer of Earthʹs atmosphere, in which we live: A) tornado B) thermosphere C) thermal inversion D) Hadley cells E) hurricane F) thermocline G) stratosphere H) troposphere

D) El Niño

The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific is referred to as ________. A) La Niña B) the Coriolis effect C) cyclonic storm formation D) El Niño E) downwelling

B) thermosphere

The highest level of our atmosphere, with comparatively few molecules per unit area A) tornado B) thermosphere C) thermal inversion D) Hadley cells E) hurricane F) thermocline G) stratosphere H) troposphere

E) nitrogen

The largest portion of atmospheric gases is ________. A) argon B) ozone C) sulfur D) oxygen E) nitrogen

E) is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds

Tropospheric ozone ________. A) is caused by poor farming techniques B) protects Earth from most of the harmful UV radiation C) binds with hemoglobin, preventing binding with oxygen in red blood cells D) is a primary pollutant E) is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds

A) climate

Typical patterns of atmospheric conditions in a specific location over years, decades, and longer time periods are described by ________. A) climate B) weather C) sunspots D) alignment of planets E) the moon

C) estuaries

Water bodies where rivers flow into the oceans, mixing fresh water with saltwater, are called ________. A) mangroves B) littoral ecosystems C) estuaries D) upwellings E) salt marshes

B) generate electricity, prevent flooding, and provide irrigation and drinking water

We build dams to ________. A) control the spread of water borne diseases B) generate electricity, prevent flooding, and provide irrigation and drinking water C) improve habitat for native fish D) drain wetlands for urban development E) transform watersheds into farms, towns, and recreational areas

C) troposphere

Weather patterns are largely determined in the ________. A) mesosphere B) lithosphere C) troposphere D) stratosphere E) biosphere

A) improve transportation options, including carpool lanes, buses, and light rail

You have been hired by a rapidly growing small city to improve the air quality, which has deteriorated in the past 10 years. Your first suggestion is to ________. A) improve transportation options, including carpool lanes, buses, and light rail B) move or close the cattle feed lots near the river C) remove the hydroelectric dam on the river D) investigate the large city downwind whose factories produce large amounts of pollution E) decrease the amount of CFCs used locally