Adipose Tissue
What percent body weight of a human newborn constitutes multilocular adipose tissue?
2-5%
True/False: adipose tissue is avascular.
False
Where can you find fat internally?
Fat can be found internally around organs, in the omentum (a fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach with the other abdominal organs), mesenteries, and bone marrow
Where are hibernomas often found?
In the periscapular region
What causes the lipid droplet to be lost during tissue preparation?
The use of organic solvents (i.e. xylene)
What cells make up adipose tissue?
Adipocytes
Which adipose tissue has more mitochondria?
Brown
Which adipose tissue is abundant during fetal life?
Brown
How does UCP-1 uncouple the oxidation of fatty acids from the production of ATP?
By facilitating the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, dissipating the mitochondrial proton gradient
When will brown adipose tissue start to diminish?
During the first decade of life
Where do adipocytes differentiate from?
From undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
Which adipose tissue tumor is a rare, benign, slow-growing tumor of brown fat?
Hibernoma
What is important to remember about the lipid droplet?
It IS NOT membrane bound
Where in adults can you find brown adipose tissue?
Kidney, adrenal glands, aorta, regions of the neck, and in the mediastinum
What is the most common adipose tissue tumor?
Lipoma
Which adipose tissue tumor is a rare, malignant tumor?
Liposarcoma
What is brown adipose tissue also known as?
Multilocular (contains numerous fat droplets)
What do newborn humans use to prevent extensive heat loss?
Non-shivering thermogenesis
What transcription factor plays a part in the differentiation of adipocytes and the initiation of lipid metabolism?
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)
Adipocytes are large cells that can have what kind of shapes?
Round, oval, or polyhedral
What is non-shivering thermogenesis?
The oxidation of brown fat to produce heat, which warms blood flowing through the tissue
What is adipose tissue?
Tissues where the primary cell type is the adipocyte
Thermogenic activity is regulated by what protein?
Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1); aka thermogenin
What is white adipose tissue also known as?
Unilocular (only one fat droplet)
When do liposarcomas tend to be more aggressive and metastasize?
When the tumors contain cells that are less differentiated
The hypodermis is composed of which adipose tissue?
White
Which adipose tissue is the predominant type in adults?
White
What are the two types of adipose tissue?
White and brown