adolescent exam 2

although school shootings that garner public attention generally involve White youth...

a disproportionate number of homicides in schools involve non-White youth

common core

a proposed set of standards in language arts and mathematics that all American schools would be expected to use

During the 1920s, the _____ was designed to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people

comprehensive high school

what are the main things parents/teens fight about?

curfews, clothing, cleanliness, rooms, leisure time

adolescents who value Familism and assist their families are less likely to get into what?

depression, antisocial peer groups, drinking and drug use

premature affluence

having more income than one can manage maturely

adolescents are more likely to be killed at ______ than at _______

home, school

studies have found all of the following outcome of participating in extra curricular activities except...

over scheduling has negative effects

authoritative parents

parents who are both responsive and demanding, warm but firm, set clear limits, emphasis is placed on the development of self-direction

indifferent parents

parents who are neither responsive nor demanding, do not monitor behavior, distant, adult-centered

authoritarian parents

parents who are very demanding but not responsive, value obedience and conformity, strict rules and expectations

indulgent parents

parents who are very responsive but not demanding, high degree of child freedom, mainly concerned with the child's happiness

in the 1970s, proportion of students with ________________ rose dramatically

part-time jobs

A research technique in which the researcher "infiltrates" a group of individuals in order to study their behavior and relationships is called

participant observation

Baby Boom

period after the war when an extremely large amount of infants were born. created the "adolescent boom" in 1960s-1970s

According to Smetana, adolescents often judge keeping one's room clean and style of dress as _____, whereas parents tend to judge these issues as _____

personal, conventional

what does connection mean in the five C's?

positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

charter schools

public schools that have been given the autonomy to establish their own curricula and teaching practices

in the workplace today, the type of jobs depends on....

region, gender, age

Which of the following is most important in influencing adolescents' learning and psychosocial development?

school climate

Tracking

separating students by academic ability into different classes

Although Sarah's parents divorced seven years ago, the counselor at school attributes Sarah's poor school performance and delinquent behavior to the divorce. This counselor is probably referring to the

sleeper effect of divorce

iatrogenic effects

undesirable consequences of well-intentioned treatments

_______ will not finish their college degree

1 out of 3

approximately what percentage of students have participated or experienced cyberbullying?

15%

how many percent of people will get divorced?

20-30%

in 1940, only about _____% of high school students worked

3%

what percentage of 18-21 years old went to college in 1900?

4%

how many percent of children will experience their parents divorce?

40%

Which of the following statements about family conflict is true?

Among those teenagers and parents who report having problems, the great majority had problematic relationships during childhood

How has the digital divide changed over the last 50 years?

Because the Internet has become more accessible to more and more people, the digital divide has become much smaller

parental demandingness

One of two important dimensions of parenting; refers to the degree to which the parent expects and insists on mature, responsible behavior from the child

_____ discipline often leads to increased behavior problems

Harsh

Which of the following statements about adolescents' social communication on the Internet is most supported by scientific research?

Many adolescents have both positive and negative experiences while socializing on the Internet

parental responsiveness

One of the two important dimensions of parenting; refers to the degree to which the parent responds to the child's needs in an accepting, supportive manner

experience sampling method (ESM) involves...

adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged

Adolescent peer groups fall along two dimensions: _____ and _____

adult orientation, peer orientation

what are the educational origins of peer groups?

age grading, changes in size of youth populations

relational aggression

aggression that is meant to ruin a reputation/disrupt a friendship

Cory works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Cory might increase in...

aggression, school misconduct, minor delinquency

What is the main difference in time-use between 15- to 17-year-olds in the late 1970s and 15- to 17-year-olds in the early 2000s?

among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significant increase in time devoted to leisure activities

According to many well-designed studies that have looked at the psychological consequences of growing up with lesbian or gay parents....

children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are NOT psychologically different from those with straight parents

What two dominant characteristics distinguish the development of postsecondary education in contemporary America from that in other parts of the world?

diversity and accessibility

adolescents with extensive time in foster care are at an increased....

emotional and behavioral risk

uses and gratification approach

emphasizes the active role users play in selecting the media to which they are exposed

media practice model

emphasizes the fact that adolescents not only choose what media they are exposed to but also interpret the media in ways that shape their impact

cultivation theory

emphasizes the impact media exposure has on individuals

who does NOT experience immediate problems following a divorce?

ethnic minorities

Which of the following is considered a shared environmental influence for siblings?

family socioeconomic status

who are given more decision-making opportunities?

females

percieved popularity

how much status or prestige an individual has

classroom climate

how teachers interact with students, use class time, and the expectations teachers and students both hold

sociometric popularity

how well-liked an individual is

what were the 3 most important historical/social trends that changed the rise of secondary education in america?

industrialization, urbanization, immigration

when is the fear of being a victim of school violence most prevalent?

middle schools and overcrowded schools

adolescents tend to be closer and fight more with their ______

mothers

nonshared environmental influences

nongenetic influences in individuals' lives that make them different from people they live with

shared environmental influences

nongenetic influences that make individuals living in the same family similar to each other

private schools are necessarily ______ than public school

not more effective

popular adolescents are more __________

socially skilled

What is a policy that focuses on policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by achievement tests?

standards-based reform (no child left behind)

Comparisons of large and small schools reveal that...

students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities

One potential explanation for the finding that gifted students who are integrated into regular classrooms have more positive academic self-conceptions than those in special classes is...

the big-fish-little-pond effect

According to the textbook, all of the following contributed to the rise of the adolescent workplace in the United States

the expansion of the service sector, the expansion of the retail sector, a relatively short school day compared with other countries

self-fulfilling prophecy

the idea that individuals' behavior is influenced by others' expectations for them

sibling deidentification

the process through which siblings deliberately try to be different from each other, in order to diminish competition

hostile attribution bias

the tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with others as deliberately hostile

which of the following is NOT an explanation given for the recent decline in teen employment?

there are fewer fast food/retail jobs

One potential reason that Mallory and Mikey, a brother and sister growing up in the same family, have completely different personalities may be that....

they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences

The determinants of sociometric popularity are ______, though the determinants of perceived popularity are _____

things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor; highly variable

what contributes to the rise of age segregation?

tougher child labor laws, rise of secondary education, increase of extracurricular activities

Routine Activity Theory

views unstructured, unsupervised time with peers as a main cause of misbehavior