Adolescent Psychology- Chapter 8

Which of the following sex differences is not true?

1. Males are generally more physically aggressive than females. 2. Females are more likely to express intimacy verbally, whereas males tend to express it in shared activities.

The following personality traits are the "Big Five"(Ocean)

1. Openness to experience 2. Conscientiousness 3. Extraversion 4. Agreeableness 5. Neuroticism

Which of the following is not one of the three different aspects of multidimensional model of racial identities?

1. racial centrality 2. private regard. 3. public regard 4. RACIAL BIAS

Which of the following is not true of gender socialization in adolescence?

1.It is easier for girls to behave sometimes in masculine ways during Adolescence than it is for boys to act occasionally in feminine ways. 2.During adolescence, are more likely to cut back on the display of traditionally more feminine characteristics, such as being emotionally expressive. 3. Boys and girls who behave in gender-typical ways are more accepted than their peers whose behavior does not conform to gender-role stereotypes. 4. Feminine boys are better adjusted and accepted than masculine girls.

Fluctuations in adolescents' self-image are most likely to occur between the ages of:

12-14

The extent to which an individual's self-esteem is volatile is :

A fairly stable trait

In comparison with the self-concepts of young children, adolescent self-concepts tend to be more:

Abstract

What is immigration paradox?

Adolescents who are foreign born or first generation Americans perform better in school and engage in less delinquency than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America.

Academic success is most likely to increase the self-esteem of adolescents who are:

Asian

The extent to which an individual's gender role behavior changes during adolescence is influenced by many factors, including:

Birth Order the presence and sex of older or younger siblings Parents' attitudes

Why do black adolescents have such high self-esteem?

Black teenagers benefit from the support and positive feedback from adults in their community, especially in the family Black teenagers tend to shift their priorities over time so that they come to value those activities at which they excel. Black teenager's strong sense of ethnic identity enhances their overall self-esteem.

In Erikson's theory of development, people move through eight stages of psychosocial development by resolving the psychosocial crises of each stage. What does Erikson mean by the successful resolution of a particular stage?

Coming through the crisis more positively than negatively.

Delinquent adolescents are more likely than their peers to score high on which of the Big Five personality dimensions?

Extraversion

According to Erikson's theory, problems identity development characterized by incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of self is called:

Identity diffusion

When an adolescent bypasses the period of exploration and experimentation that precedes the establishment of healthy sense of identity, and prematurely commits themselves to a certain identity, the adolescent may have been experiencing:

Identity foreclosure

Which of the personality traits is not one of the "Big Five"?

Intelligence

Compared to young adolescents with stable self-images, young adolescents with the most volatile self-image report having:

More adjustment problems

Researchers suggest about how an adolescent feels about his or her appearance is the most important predictor of overall self-esteem. Interestingly, what dimension is reported by adolescence as the least important predictor of their own overall self-esteem?

Physical Apperance

Which aspect of self-esteem contributes most to an adolescent's overall self-image?

Physical appearance

The type of adolescent who would present their false-self behavior to the greatest degree would include all of the following except those who:

Report less emotional support from parents Report less emotional support from peers Have lower self-esteem

Ways in which an individual thinks about or characterizes himself or herself is referred to as:

Self-Conceptions

How positively or negatively an individual feels about himself or herself is referred to as:

Self-Esteem

Which aspect of self-image refers to the degree to which an adolescent worries about their self-image.

Self-consciousness

Although the author of the textbook cautions that group averages may mask interesting within-group differences, on average, what does the trajectory of self-esteem look like?

Self-esteem increases during adolescence but begins to level off as the individuals enter young adulthood.

What trend does the stability of self-esteem show between childhood and early adulthood?

Self-esteem tends to become increasingly more stable over time.

Under what circumstances is an adolescent most likely to behave in an inauthentic manner?

With a romantic interest

Research on the connection between academic success and high self esteem suggests that:

academic success leads to high self-esteem

According to Erikson, psychosocial moratorium refers to the need of adolescents to:

be given time out from substantial responsibilities and obligations to foster self-discovery.

Change in self-perceptions (whether positive or negative) are most likely to occur during:

early adolescence

Most researchers today believe that adolescents evaluate themselves:

globally and on the basis of several distinct dimensions, including academics, athletics, appearance, and social relationships.

Compared to early adolescent boys, early adolescent girls:

have a shakier self-image

Marcia and other identity status researches developed a scheme for determining an adolescent's identity status by assigning them to one of four categories. An adolescent who has established a coherent sense of identity is assigned to the category of:

identity achievement

According to Erikson, the developmental stage that must be successfully resolved during the adolescent years is:

identity vs. identity diffusion

Black girl's overall self-esteem:

is higher than both White and Hispanic girls

According to textbook, adolescents who feel discriminated against in school report:

less control over their academic achievements, which may lead to feelings of depression.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the broad domains of self-esteem? An adolescent who has high:

levels of self-esteem in one dimension may not necessarily have high levels of self-esteem in another.

Though popular books proclaim that ____, scientific studies have indicated that ____.

men and women are fundamentally different; males and females are far more alike than dissimilar in their attitudes, abilities, and behaviors.

The term used to describe adolescents who identify with more than one race or ethnic group is:

multiethnic

Adolescents most likely to show behavioral problems and poorer academic achievements tend to derive their self-esteem from:

their peers