ADST 105 Exam 2

Withdrawal and opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiate withdrawal:

* Bone, joint, and muscular pain * Insomnia & anxiety * High blood pressure * Rapid pulse * Tachycardia

* The following substances have been abused for their major effects as a sedative-hypnotic:

* GBL (Gamma Butryolactone) * Seroquel (quetiapine) * Placidyl (ethchlorvynol)

Regardless of their degree of strength, all stimulants affect the body by ___________, ____________, ______________, and _____________.

1. increasing the brain's electrical activity 2. increasing the brain's chemical activity 3. increasing central nervous systems activity 4. increasing peripheral nervous systems activity

______________ of those who try a cigarette will become daily habitual smokers.

25 percent

The half-life of caffeine is ___________.

3 to 7 hours

The high from amphetamines generally lasts _________.

4 to 6 hours

Death as a result of cocaine use is likely to occur within _____________, occasionally the morning after use, during ____________, due to its effects on the central nervous system, heart, and circulatory system, and after the cocaine wears off due to rebound depressant effects on the central nervous system, which slows breathing and heart rate and may cause coma.

40 minutes to 5 hours of use, the stimulatory phase,

The high from smoking a typical dose of crack cocaine (1 rock) generally last _______________.

5 to 20 minutes

___________ is a painful response to a normally pain-free stimulus, often as a long-term opiate/opioid use.

Allodynia

____________ is a temporary increase in the sensitivity to painful stimuli that is experienced during the long-term use of opiates/opioids used to treat pain.

Hyperalgesia

__________ is known on the streets as "plant food", "M-KAT", and "meow"

Methcathinone

The illicit manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine in the United States today is due to the involvement of _______________.

Mexican gangs and drug cartels

_________ means pain caused by external stimuli of pain receptors.

Nociceptive

____________ chemically dissimilar but pharmacologically related to amphetamines, producing many of the same effects but not as strong are called amphetamine congener.

Stimulant drugs

________, __________, _________, and _________ are all physical reactions to stimulant use.

Tachycardia, weight loss, blood vessel constriction, elevated blood pressure

Methamphetamine can increase __________.

aggression and violence

Stimulant drugs chemically dissimilar but pharmacologically related to amphetamines, producing many of the same effects but not as strong are called ______________.

amphetamine congener.

In addition to alcohol and opioids, other depressant drugs include: over-the-counter & look-alike downers including: _____________________________________

antihistamines ; skeletal muscle relaxants ; and sedative-hypnotics including benzodiazepines.

The first cigarette of the day affects a smoker as it increases ________ and ____________.

blood pressure & heart rate

The health benefits of quitting smoking include that within just 20 minutes of quitting, _________, _________, and ___________________.

blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature of hands and feet drop to normal

Long-term use of stimulants (eg nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine) has the most significant impact on the body's _______________.

cardiovascular system

Drinking alcohol before using cocaine will prolong and intensify cocaine's effects and create _________, which increases violent tendencies.

cocaethylene

Smoking _________________ produces the most intense immediate high.

crack cocaine

Cocaine epidemics occur in ___________ every few generations.

cycles

Prolonged use of strong stimulants (e.g. cocaine, methamphetamine) results in _________, ______________, and ____________.

depletion of the body's energy resources, cellular and organ damage, paranoia

The most common alternative therapies to prescription medications for treating ADHD are ___________ and ________________.

dietary changes and nutritional supplements

For children with ADHD, ________ helps them focus on the task at hand; and _________ taken for ADHD reduce symptoms by increasing the ________ and _________.

excessive fidgeting, stimulant drugs, release of dopamine, serotonin

When a stimulant drug wears off and the body withdraws from the extra energy produced by the drug the user becomes _________ and _____________.

exhausted , emotional depression sets in

Regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the use of stimulants in small doses helps ________ and _____________.

focus attention and reduces hyperactivity

Drinking alcohol before using cocaine will prolong and intensify cocaine's effects and create cocaethylene, which ______________.

increases violent tendencies

Regarding the activation of dopaminergic reward/control system:

it releases a surge of pleasure that encourages repetition of behaviors intended primarily for survival; it is largely responsible for the drives to have sex, and drink (water as well as alcohol) & it is activated by dopamine.

Prior to 2000, the increase in tobacco smoking was influenced by _________, leading to lower prices, aggressive marketing strategies, nicotine, as the addictive compound in tobacco, and the fact one pinch of chewing tobacco delivers more nicotine than one cigarette.

mass production

The illicit manufacture and distribution of _______________ in the United States today is due to the involvement of Mexican gangs and drug cartels.

methamphetamine

Smoking crack cocaine produces the ________ high.

most intense immediate

Continued smoking to avoid the negative effects of nicotine withdrawal is known as ____________.

negative drug reinforcement

Consuming alcohol when using cocaine results in _______________.

prolonging the effects of cocaine

____________ on the central nervous system slows breathing and heart rate and may cause coma.

rebound depressant effects

The following factors contribute to the misuse, abuse, & overdose of sedative-hypnotic drugs:

selective tolerance to some effects of a sedative-hypnotic but not to its toxic effects ; misperception that prescription medications are much safer than street drugs ; and ignorance of the addictive & synergistic effects of sedative-hypnotics.

Regarding sexual activity for someone under the influence of methamphetamine, the rush from methamphetamine can become a substitute for _______. Methamphetamine increases _________.

sexual activity, sexual desire

Mephedrone is a ____________.

synthetic stimulant.

Medical use of cocaine relies on its effects as a ____________.

topical anesthetic

When a stimulant drug wears off and the body _________________ produced by the drug the user becomes exhausted and emotional depression sets in.

withdraws from the extra energy