Adult 1 quiz 1

what does insulin do

anabolic hormine responsible for growth, repair, and storage facilitates movemtns of amino acid into cells, synthesis of protein, storage of glucose as glycogen, and deposition of triglycerides and lipids as fat into adipose tissue

A patient with type 1 diabetes uses 20 U of Novolin 70/30 (NPH/Regular) in the morning and at 6:00 PM. When teaching the patient about this regimen, what should the nurse emphasize? a.Hypoglycemia is most likely to occur before the noon meal. b.A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. c.Flexibility in food intake is possible because insulin is available 24 hours a day. d.Pre-meal glucose checks are required to determine needed changes in daily dosing.

b

In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency prevents the use of glucose for energy. Which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose? a.Fatigue b.Polydipsia c.Polyphagia d.Recurrent infections

b

When teaching the patient with diabetes about insulin administration, the nurse should include which instruction for the patient? a.Pull back on the plunger after inserting the needle to check for blood. b.Consistently use the same size of insulin syringe to avoid dosing errors. c.Clean the skin at the injection site with an alcohol swab before each injection. Rotate injection sites from arms to thighs to abdomen with each injection to prevent lipodystrophies

b

Why are the hormones cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone referred to as counter regulatory hormones? a.Decrease glucose production b.Stimulate glucose output by the liver c.Increase glucose transport into the cells d.Independently regulate glucose level in the blood

b

In addition to promoting the transport of glucose from the blood into the cell, what does insulin do? a.Enhances the breakdown of adipose tissue for energy b.Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis c.Prevents the transport of triglycerides into adipose tissue d.Increases amino acid transport into cells and protein synthesis

d

counter regulatory hormones

glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone

what random plasma glucose level could be used to diagnose diabetes

greater then or equal to 200

what two hour plasma glucose level OGTT could be used for a diabetic diagnosis

greater then or equal to 200

impaired fasting glucose for prediabetic

100-125

impaired range of fastign glucose levels

100-125

impaired glucose intolerance for prediabetic

140-199

impaired ogtt range

140-199

what hemoglobin A1C level could be a diabetic diagnosis

6.5% or higher

what fasting plasma glucose could be used for a diabetic diagnosis

> of equal to 126

The nurse is teaching the patient with prediabetes ways to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. What information should be included (select all that apply)? a.Maintain a healthy weight. b.Exercise for 60 minutes each day. c.Have blood pressure checked regularly. d.Assess for visual changes on a monthly basis. e.Monitor for polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia

a,e

characteristics of type 2 diabetes

beta cell exhaustion insulin resistance genetic predisposition altered production of adipokines inherited defect in insulin receptors inappropriate glucose production by the liver

Which tissues require insulin to enable movement of glucose into the tissue cells (select all that apply)? a.Liver b.Brain c.Adipose d.Blood cells e.Skeletal muscle

c, e