Adult health 44.45,46,47 test 7 prepu questions
A client asks the nurse why the physician ordered the blood test carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The nurse answers:
"It indicates if a cancer is present."
patient with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease has just been prescribed omeprazole (Prilosec). How should the nurse best describe this medication's therapeutic action?
"This medication will reduce the amount of acid secreted in your stomach."
A nurse is providing preprocedure education for a client who will undergo a lower GI tract study the following week. What should the nurse teach the client about bowel preparation?
"You'll need to have enemas the day before the test."
While palpating a client's right upper quadrant (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which structure?
Liver
The nurse is caring for a client who has a gastrostomy tube feeding. Upon initiating care, the nurse aspirates the gastrotomy tube for gastric residual volume (GRV) and obtains 200 mL of gastric contents. What is the priority action by the nurse?
Place the client in a semi-Fowler's position with the head of the bed at 45 degrees.
A client comes to the ED with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The physician plans to rule out acute pancreatitis. The nurse would expect the diagnosis to be confirmed by an elevated result on which laboratory test?
Serum amylase
A client has undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and is being prepared for discharge home. When providing health education, the nurse should prioritize what topic?
Signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal complications
The nurse educator is reviewing the blood supply of the GI tract with a group of medical nurses. The nurse is explaining the fact that the veins that return blood from the digestive organs and the spleen form the portal venous system. What large veins will the nurse list when describing this system? Select all that apply.
Splenic vein Inferior mesenteric vein Gastric vein
An older adult patient who has been living at home alone is diagnosed with parotitis. What causative bacteria does the nurse suspect is the cause of the parotitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
A client with diabetes begins to have digestive problems and is told by the physician that they are a complication of the diabetes. Which of the following explanations from the nurse is most accurate?
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes.
A patient with acute pancreatitis puts the call bell on to tell the nurse about an increase in pain. The nurse observes the patient guarding; the abdomen is board-like and no bowel sounds are detected. What is the major concern for this patient?
The patient has developed peritonitis.
The nurse's review of a client's most recent laboratory results indicates a bilirubin level of 3.0 mg/dL (51 mmol/L). The nurse assesses the client for:
jaundice.
A client with suspected biliary obstruction due to gallstones reports changes to the color of his stools. Which stool color does the nurse recognize as common to biliary obstruction?
Gray
A client has been brought to the emergency department with abdominal pain and is subsequently diagnosed with appendicitis. The client is scheduled for an appendectomy but questions the nurse about how his health will be affected by the absence of an appendix. How should the nurse best respond?
"Your appendix doesn't play a major role, so you won't notice any difference after your recovery from surgery."
A client with a history of alcohol abuse comes to the emergency department and complains of abdominal pain. Laboratory studies help confirm a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The client's vital signs are stable, but the client's pain is worsening and radiating to his back. Which intervention takes priority for this client?
Administering morphine I.V. as ordered
A nurse is amending a client's plan of care in light of the fact that the client has recently developed ascites. What should the nurse include in this client's care plan?
Administration of diuretics as prescribed
A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy. While making the initial shift assessment, the nurse notes that the client has a flapping tremor of the hands. The nurse should document the presence of what sign of liver disease?
Asterixis
A nurse is providing care for a client who has a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). When planning this client's care, the nurse should collaborate with the client and prioritize what goal?
Client will accurately identify foods that trigger symptoms.
A nurse is caring for a client with mild acute pancreatitis. Which health care provider prescriptions will the nurse question as it relates to evidence based practices in the treatment of acute pancreatitis? Select all that apply.
Full liquid diet as tolerated. Nasogastric tube to intermittent wall suction for removal of gastric secretions. Initiate parenteral feedings first and advance to enteral feedings as tolerated.
A physician orders spironolactone (Aldactone), 50 mg by mouth four times daily, for a client with fluid retention caused by cirrhosis. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?
Loss of 2.2 lb (1 kg) in 24 hours
A client is being treated on the acute medical unit for acute pancreatitis. The nurse has identified a diagnosis of Ineffective Breathing Pattern Related to Pain. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to best address this diagnosis?
Maintain the client in a semi-Fowler position whenever possible.
A client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and fatigue is diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Because this client has difficulty swallowing, what should the nurse assign highest priority to?
Maintaining a patent airway
A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comes to the clinic and is experiencing white patches on the lateral border of the tongue. What type of lesions does the nurse document?
Hairy leukoplakia
A nurse is caring for a client with liver failure and is performing an assessment in the knowledge of the client's increased risk of bleeding. The nurse recognizes that this risk is related to the client's inability to synthesize prothrombin in the liver. What factor most likely contributes to this loss of function?
Inability of the liver to use vitamin K
A nurse is caring for a client who is acutely ill and has included vigilant oral care in the client's plan of care. What factor increases this client's risk for dental caries?
Inadequate nutrition and decreased saliva production can cause cavities
A client who has been experiencing changes in his bowel function is scheduled for a barium enema. What instruction should the nurse provide for postprocedure recovery?
Increase fluid intake to evacuate the barium.
A client is being evaluated for esophageal cancer. What initial manifestation of esophageal cancer should the nurse assess?
Increasing difficulty in swallowing
A client with a diagnosis of esophageal varices has undergone endoscopy to gauge the progression of this complication of liver disease. Following the completion of this diagnostic test, what nursing intervention should the nurse perform?
Keep client NPO until the patient's gag reflex returns.
The nurse is managing a gastric (Salem) sump tube for a patient who has an intestinal obstruction and will be going to surgery. What interventions should the nurse perform to make sure the tube is functioning properly?
Keep the vent lumen above the patient's waist to prevent gastric content reflux.
Diagnostic imaging and physical assessment have revealed that a client with peptic ulcer disease has suffered a perforated ulcer. The nurse recognizes that emergency interventions must be performed as soon as possible in order to prevent the development of what complication?
Peritonitis
A client who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer is admitted to the critical care unit following postanesthetic recovery. What should the nurse include in the client's immediate postoperative plan of care?
Positioning the client to prevent gastric reflux
A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client exhibits episodes of confusion, is difficult to arouse from sleep and has rigid extremities. Based on these clinical findings, the nurse should document what stage of hepatic encephalopathy?
Stage 3
A female client has presented to the emergency department with right upper quadrant pain; the health care provider has ordered abdominal ultrasound to rule out cholecystitis. The client expresses concern to the nurse about the safety of this diagnostic procedure. How should the nurse best respond?
Abdominal ultrasound poses no known safety risks of any kind."
Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine?
Absorption
Which is an accurate statement regarding cancer of the esophagus?
Chronic irritation of the esophagus is a known risk factor.
To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a client with hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which discharge instruction?
"Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages."
A client is scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During the client teaching, what will the nurse discuss?
"Do you experience any claustrophobia?"
A triage nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who presented with reports of general malaise. Assessment reveals the presence of jaundice and increased abdominal girth. What assessment question best addresses the possible etiology of this client's presentation?
"How many alcoholic drinks do you typically consume in a week?"
A client's assessment and diagnostic testing are suggestive of acute pancreatitis. When the nurse is performing the health interview, what assessment questions address likely etiologic factors? Select all that apply.
"How many alcoholic drinks do you typically consume in a week?" "Have you ever been tested for diabetes?" "Have you ever been diagnosed with gallstones?" "Would you say that you eat a particularly high-fat diet?"
A home care nurse is caring for a client with reports of epigastric discomfort who is scheduled for a barium swallow. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the test?
"I'll avoid eating or drinking anything 6 to 8 hours before the test."
A client seeking care because of recurrent heartburn and regurgitation is subsequently diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. Which of the following should the nurse include in health education?
"Instead of eating three meals a day, try eating smaller amounts more often."
A client asks the nurse why the physician ordered the blood test carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
"It indicates if a cancer is present."
A client has been admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of toxic hepatitis. When planning the client's care, the nurse should be aware of what potential clinical course of this health problem? Place the following events in the correct sequence.1. Fever rises. 2. Hematemesis. 3. Clotting abnormalities. 4. Vascular collapse. 5. Coma.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
In client education with a client who has a lower GI study scheduled, the nurse describes the organs involved and their characteristics. Approximately how long are the jejunum and the ileum if their lengths are combined?
23 feet
What is the approximate length of the large intestine?
4-5 feet
A nurse who provides care in a community clinic assesses a wide range of individuals. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as having the highest risk for chronic pancreatitis?
A 39-year-old man with chronic alcoholism
A nurse who provides care in an ambulatory clinic integrates basic cancer screening into admission assessments. What client most likely faces the highest immediate risk of oral cancer?
A 65-year-old man with alcoholism who smokes
A client comes to the clinic after developing a headache, abdominal pain, nausea, hiccupping, and fatigue about 2 hours ago. The client tells the nurse that the last food was buffalo chicken wings and beer. Which medical condition does the nurse find to be most consistent with the client's presenting problems?
Acute gastritis
A client is evaluated for severe pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant, which is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The physician diagnoses acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. For this client, which nursing diagnosis takes top priority?
Acute pain related to biliary spasms
The single modality of pharmacologic therapy for chronic type B viral hepatitis is:
Alpha-interferon
Which of the following digestive enzymes aids in the digesting of starch?
Amylase
The nurse is performing a rectal assessment and notices a longitudinal tear or ulceration in the lining of the anal canal. The nurse documents the finding as which condition?
Anal fissure
A patient has been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease and the nurse is reviewing his prescribed medication regimen with him. What is currently the most commonly used drug regimen for peptic ulcers?
Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and bismuth salts
A client with liver cancer is being discharged home with a biliary drainage system in place. The nurse should teach the client's family how to safely perform which of the following actions?
Assessing the patency of the drainage catheter
A radial graft is planned in the treatment of a client's oropharyngeal cancer. In order to ensure that the surgery will be successful, the care team must perform what assessment prior to surgery?
Assessing the patency of the ulnar artery
The nurse is planning care for a client following an incisional cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Which intervention is the highest nursing priority for this client?
Assisting the client to turn, cough, and deep breathe every 2 hours
The nurse determines that a client who has undergone skin, tissue, and muscle grafting following a modified radical neck dissection requires suctioning. What is the nurse's priority when suctioning this client?
Avoid applying suction on or near the suture line.
A client returns to the floor after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The nurse should assess the client for signs and symptoms of what serious potential complication of this surgery?
Bile duct injury
The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from the ERCP removal of gallstones. The nurse should monitor the client for signs of what complications?
Bleeding and perforation
During a colonoscopy with moderate sedation, the patient groans with obvious discomfort and begins bleeding from the rectum. The patient is diaphoretic and has an increase in abdominal girth from distention. What complication of this procedure is the nurse aware may be occurring?
Bowel perforation
A client with cirrhosis has experienced a progressive decline in his health; and liver transplantation is being considered by the interdisciplinary team. How will the client's prioritization for receiving a donor liver be determined?
By objectively determining the client's medical need
When caring for a client with advanced cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy, which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately?
Change in the client's handwriting and/or cognitive performance
A client has come to the outpatient radiology department for diagnostic testing that will allow the care team to evaluate and remove polyps. The nurse should prepare the client for what procedure?
Colonoscopy
Which statement provides accurate information regarding cancer of the colon and rectum?
Colorectal cancer is the third most common site of cancer in the United States.
A nurse is performing an abdominal assessment of an older adult client. When collecting and analyzing data, the nurse should be cognizant of what age-related change in gastrointestinal structure and function?
Decreased mucus secretion
A 70-year-old client is admitted with acute pancreatitis. The nurse understands that the mortality rate associated with acute pancreatitis increases with advanced age and attributes this to which gerontologic consideration associated with the pancreas?
Decreases in the physiologic function of major organs
A 55-year-old female client with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is undergoing radiofrequency ablation. The nurse should recognize what goal of this treatment?
Destruction of the client's liver tumor
Which of the following appears to be a significant factor in the development of gastric cancer?
Diet
A patient with cystic fibrosis takes pancreatic enzyme replacements on a regular basis. The patient's intake of trypsin facilitates what aspect of GI function?
Digestion of proteins
A patient is being treated for diverticulosis. Which information should the nurse include in this patient's teaching plan?
Drink at least 8 to 10 large glasses of fluid every day.
The nurse is obtaining a history on a patient who comes to the clinic. What symptom described by the patient is one of the first symptoms associated with esophageal disease?
Dysphagia
A nurse is completing a health history on a client whose diagnosis is chronic gastritis. Which of the data should the nurse consider most significantly related to the etiology of the client's health problem?
Smokes one pack of cigarettes daily.
A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. The client has been stabilized and the nurse is now planning health promotion and educational interventions. Which of the following should the nurse prioritize?
Educating the client about postdischarge lifestyle modifications
A nurse is providing care for a client whose recent colostomy has contributed to a nursing diagnosis of Disturbed Body Image Related to Colostomy. What intervention best addresses this diagnosis?
Engage the client in dialogue about the implications of having the colostomy.
A nurse is caring for a client who just has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer. When teaching the client about his new diagnosis, how should the nurse best describe it?
Erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine
Which medication is classified as a histamine-2 receptor antagonist?
Famotidine
The nurse assesses a patient who recently had a nasoenteric intubation. Symptoms of oliguria, lethargy, and tachycardia in the patient would indicate to the nurse what common complication?
Fluid volume deficit
An adult client is scheduled for an upper GI series that will use a barium swallow. What teaching should the nurse include when the client has completed the test?
Fluids must be increased to facilitate the evacuation of the stool.
During a health education session, a participant has asked about the hepatitis E virus. What prevention measure should the nurse recommend for preventing infection with this virus?
Following proper hand-washing techniques
When the nurse is caring for a patient with acute pancreatitis, what intervention can be provided in order to prevent atelectasis and prevent pooling of respiratory secretions?
Frequent changes of positions
Which condition in a client with pancreatitis makes it necessary for the nurse to check fluid intake and output, check hourly urine output, and monitor electrolyte levels?
Frequent vomiting, leading to loss of fluid volume
The patient asks the nurse about lesions on the patient's abdomen. The nurse responds
GI diseases often produce skin changes.
A client has been scheduled for an ultrasound of the gallbladder the following morning. What should the nurse do in preparation for this diagnostic study?
Have the client refrain from food and fluids after midnight.
The nurse identifies which type of jaundice in an adult experiencing a transfusion reaction?
Hemolytic
A clinic client has described recent dark-colored stools and the nurse recognizes the need for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). What aspect of the client's current health status would contraindicate FOBT?
Hemorrhoids
A client has been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and has been admitted for care. Following initial treatment, the nurse should be aware that the client is most likely to require which of the following?
Hospice care
A client presents at the ambulatory clinic reporting recurrent sharp stomach pain that is relieved by eating. The nurse suspects that the client may have an ulcer. How should the nurse explain the formation and role of acid in the stomach to the client?
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by glands in the stomach in response to the actual or anticipated presence of food."
The nurse auscultates the abdomen to assess bowel sounds. She documents five to six sounds heard in less than 30 seconds. How does the nurse document the bowel sounds?
Hyperactive
A nurse has auscultated a client's abdomen and noted one or two bowel sounds in a 2-minute period of time. How should the nurse document the client's bowel sounds?
Hypoactive
A nurse is performing health education with a client who has a history of frequent, serious dental caries. When planning educational interventions, the nurse should identify a risk for what nursing diagnosis?
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
A critical care nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. The nurse knows that the indications for starting parenteral nutrition (PN) for this client are what?
Inability to take in adequate oral food or fluids within 7 days
A nurse is providing care for a client whose neck dissection surgery involved the use of a graft. When assessing the graft, the nurse should prioritize data related to what nursing diagnosis?
Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
A client has a radical neck dissection to treat cancer of the neck. The nurse develops the care plan and includes all the following diagnoses. The nurse identifies the highest priority diagnosis as
Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by mucus
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy and whose preparation will include polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage prior to the procedure. The presence of what health problem would contraindicate the use of this form of bowel preparation?
Inflammatory bowel disease
The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of AIDS. Inspection of the client's mouth reveals the new presence of white lesions on the client's oral mucosa. What is the nurse's most appropriate response?
Inform the primary provider of this finding.
The nurse is preparing to perform a client's abdominal assessment. What examination sequence should the nurse follow?
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation
A client is diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. The health care provider begins the client on cyanocobalamin (Betalin-12), 100 mcg I.M. daily. Which substance influences vitamin B12 absorption?
Intrinsic factor
A client is scheduled for a cholecystogram for later in the day. What is the nurse's understanding on the diagnostic use of this exam?
It visualizes the gallbladder and bile duct.
Which of the following aids in digestion of fats?
Lipase
A client with acute pancreatitis has been started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which action should the nurse perform after administration of the TPN?
Measure blood glucose concentration every 4 to 6 hours
A nurse is caring for clients in a stroke rehabilitation facility. Damage to what area of the brain will most affect a client's ability to swallow?
Medulla oblongata
A client who underwent a gastric resection 3 weeks ago is having her diet progressed on a daily basis. Following her latest meal, the client reports dizziness and palpitations. Inspection reveals that the client is diaphoretic. What is the nurse's best action?
Monitor the client closely for further signs of dumping syndrome.
The nurse in the ED admits a client with suspected gastric outlet obstruction. The client's symptoms include nausea and vomiting. The nurse anticipates that the physician will issue which order?
Nasogastric tube insertion
A client has been taking a 10-day course of antibiotics for pneumonia. The client has been having white patches that look like milk curds in the mouth. What treatment will the nurse educate the client about?
Nystatin
An elderly client comes into the emergency department reporting an earache. The client and has an oral temperature of 37.9° (100.2ºF) and otoscopic assessment of the ear reveals a pearly gray tympanic membrane with no evidence of discharge or inflammation. Which action should the triage nurse take next?
Palpate the client's parotid glands to detect swelling and tenderness.
Which condition is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in clients with acute pancreatitis?
Pancreatic necrosis
The nurse is assisting the health care provider with a gastric acid stimulation test for a client. What medication should the nurse prepare to administer subcutaneously to stimulate gastric secretions?
Pentagastrin
An advanced practice nurse is assessing the size and density of a client's abdominal organs. If the results of palpation are unclear to the nurse, what assessment technique should be implemented?
Percussion
The nurse cares for a client with cholecystitis with severe biliary colic symptoms. Which nursing intervention best promotes adequate respirations in a client with these symptoms?
Place the client in semi-Fowler's position.
A nurse is interviewing a client about past medical history. Which preexisting condition may lead the nurse to suspect that a client has colorectal cancer?
Polyps
Which is the most common cause of esophageal varices?
Portal hypertension
The nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis. Which assessment findings indicate that the client has deficient vitamin K absorption caused by this hepatic disease?
Purpura and petechiae
A client is admitted to the health care facility with abdominal pain, a low-grade fever, abdominal distention, and weight loss. The physician diagnoses acute pancreatitis. What is the primary goal of nursing care for this client?
Relieving abdominal pain
Which of the following is the most successful treatment for gastric cancer?
Removal of the tumor
A nurse is assessing a client who has been diagnosed with cholecystitis, and is experiencing localized abdominal pain. When assessing the characteristics of the client's pain, the nurse should anticipate that it may radiate to what region?
Right shoulder
A client is being discharged after a liver transplant and the nurse is performing discharge education. When planning this client's continuing care, the nurse should prioritize what risk diagnosis?
Risk for Infection Related to Immunosuppressant Use
Clients with chronic liver dysfunction have problems with insufficient vitamin intake. Which may occur as a result of vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy
The nurse is caring for a client with a duodenal ulcer and is relating the client's symptoms to the physiologic functions of the small intestine. What do these functions include? Select all that apply.
Secretion of mucus Absorption of nutrients Movement of nutrients into the bloodstream
During chronic pancreatitis, the patient's stool may become frothy and foul-smelling. This would be documented as which of the following?
Steatorrhea
A client has returned to the medical unit after a barium enema. When assessing the client's subsequent bowel patterns and stools, what finding would warrant reporting to the health care provider?
Streaks of blood present in the stool
A client who has undergone colostomy surgery is experiencing constipation. Which intervention should a nurse consider for such a client?
Suggest fluid intake of at least 2 L/day
A client has sought care because of recent dark-colored stools. As a result, a fecal occult blood test has been ordered. The nurse should give what instructions to the client?
Take no NSAIDs within 48 hours of the test
The nurse is providing health education to a client with a gastrointestinal disorder. What should the nurse describe as a major function of the GI tract?
The absorption into the bloodstream of nutrient molecules produced by digestion
A medical client's CA 19-9 levels have become available and they are significantly elevated. How should the nurse best interpret this diagnostic finding?
The client may have cancer, but other GI disease must be ruled out.
A client who has undergone liver transplantation is ready to be discharged home. Which outcome of health education should the nurse prioritize?
The client will take immunosuppressive agents as required.
A nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis. The nurse assesses the client at noon and discovers that the client is difficult to arouse and has an elevated serum ammonia level. The nurse should suspect which situation?
The client's hepatic function is decreasing.
Ammonia, the major etiologic factor in the development of encephalopathy, inhibits neurotransmission. Increased levels of ammonia are damaging to the body. The largest source of ammonia is from:
The digestion of dietary and blood proteins.
The nurse is inserting a Levin tube for a patient for gastric decompression. The tube should be inserted to 6 to 10 cm beyond what length?
The distance measured from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and from the earlobe to the xiphoid process
The physician has written the following orders for a new client admitted with pancreatitis: bed rest, nothing by mouth (NPO), and administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) . Which does the nurse attribute as the reason for NPO status?
To avoid inflammation of the pancreas
The nurse is assisting the health care provider with a colonoscopy for a client with rectal bleeding. The health care provider requests the nurse to administer glucagon during the procedure. Why is the nurse administering this medication during the procedure?
To relax colonic musculature and reduce spasm.
A client has developed hepatic encephalopathy secondary to cirrhosis and is receiving care on the medical unit. The client's current medication regimen includes lactulose four times daily. What desired outcome should the nurse relate to this pharmacologic intervention?
Two to three soft bowel movements daily
A patient with severe chronic liver dysfunction comes to the clinic with bleeding of the gums and blood in the stool. What vitamin deficiency does the nurse suspect the patient may be experiencing?
V k deficiency
A nurse is providing care for a client recovering from gastric bypass surgery. During assessment, the client exhibits pallor, perspiration, palpitations, headache, and feelings of warmth, dizziness, and drowsiness. The client reports eating 90 minutes ago. What will the nurse suspect?
Vasomotor symptoms associated with dumping syndrome
Which medication is used to decrease portal pressure, halting bleeding of esophageal varices?
Vasopressin
The nurse is administering Cephulac (lactulose) to decrease the ammonia level in a patient who has hepatic encephalopathy. What should the nurse carefully monitor for that may indicate a medication overdose?
Watery diarrhea
Which of the following is the most common type of diverticulum?
Zenker's diverticulum
A client who has been in a motor-vehicle collision is comatose and has developed ascites as a result of the accident. The nurse explains the condition to the client's family, and indicates that the primary function of the small intestine is to:
absorb nutrients
A longitudinal tear or ulceration in the lining of the anal canal is termed a(n):
anal fissure.
Total parental nutrition (TPN) should be used cautiously in clients with pancreatitis because such clients:
cannot tolerate high-glucose concentration.
The nurse prepares a client for a barium enema. The nurse should place the client on which diet prior to the procedure?
clear liquids day before
A preoperative client scheduled to have an open cholecystectomy says to the nurse, "The doctor said that after surgery, I will have a tube in my nose that goes into my stomach. Why do I need that?" What most common reason for a client having a nasogastric tube in place after abdominal surgery should the nurse include in a response?
decompression
A client receives a local anesthetic to suppress the gag reflex for a diagnostic procedure of the upper GI tract. The nurse determines which nursing intervention is advised for this client?
do not give any food and fluids until the gag reflex returns
A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a subtotal gastrectomy. To manage dumping syndrome, the nurse should advise the client to:
drink liquids only between meals.
Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder characterized by pulmonary and pancreatic dysfunction, usually appears in young children but can also affect adults. If the pancreas was functioning correctly, where would the bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system?
duodenum
Diet therapy for clients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) includes:
high-fiber diet.
Which response is a parasympathetic response in the GI tract?
increased peristalsis
Which term describes a gastric secretion that combines with vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed?
intrinsic factor
A client with a lengthy history of alcohol addiction is being seen for jaundice. The appearance of jaundice would most likely indicate:
liver disorder.
When bowel sounds are heard about every 15 seconds, the nurse would record that the bowel sounds are
normal.
The nurse teaches an unlicensed caregiver about bathing clients who are receiving tube feedings. The most significant complication related to continuous tube feedings is the
potential risk for aspiration.
A client who was recently diagnosed with carcinoma of the pancreas and is having a procedure in which the head of the pancreas is removed. In addition, the surgeon will remove the duodenum and stomach, redirecting the flow of secretions from the stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas into the middle section of the small intestine. What procedure is this client having performed?
radical pancreatoduodenectomy
A client tells the nurse that the stool was colored yellow. The nurse assesses the client for
recent foods ingested.
A nursing assessment of a client with peritonitis reveals hypotension, tachycardia, and signs and symptoms of dehydration. What else would the nurse expect to find?
severe abdominal pain with direct palpation or rebound tenderness
Which procedure is performed to examine and visualize the lumen of the small bowel?
small bowel enteroscopy
A nurse is teaching a client with malabsorption syndrome about the disorder and its treatment. The client asks which part of the GI tract absorbs food. What is the nurse's best response?
small intestine
A nurse is doing a physical assessment on a client with a GI disorder. Which position will the nurse most likely ask the client to assume when performing an abdominal examination?
supine with knees flexed slightly
The most significant complication related to continuous tube feedings is
the increased potential for aspiration.
Which enzyme aids in the digestion of protein?
trypsin
The client describes a test previously completed to detect a small bowel obstruction prior to admission to the hospital. The client states that the test involved insertion of a tube through the nose and lasted over 6 hours. The nurse determines which test name should be documented?
upper GI enteroclysis
The nurse recognizes which change of the GI system is an age-related change?
weakened gag reflex
A client with cholelithiasis has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct. When assessing this client, the nurse expects to note:
yellow sclerae.