Adv final

1. Which of the following general attitude functions is most closely related to the basic principles of reward and punishment? a. Utilitarian function b. Ego-defensive function c. Value-expressive function d. Knowledge function

a. Utilitarian function

1. Most current explanations of motivation focus on cognitive factors rather than biological ones to understand what drives behavior. a. T b. F

a. T

1. Personality refers to a person's unique psychological makeup and how it consistently influences the way a person responds to his or her environment. a. T b. F

a. T

1. Some color combinations can become so associated with a company that the corporation may be granted exclusive use of these colors. a. T b. F

a. T

1. Surveys show that the percentage of consumers who are willing to pay more for green products has dropped since 2008. a. T b. F

a. T

1. The body is adorned or altered in some way in every culture. One of the chief purposes for doing this is to place the individual in the social organization. a. T b. F

a. T

1. The evaluation of alternatives is the third stage of the consumer decision-making process. a. T b. F

a. T

1. The theory of cognitive dissonance is based on the premise that people have a need for order and consistency in their lives and that a state of tension is created when beliefs or behaviors conflict with one another. a. T b. F

a. T

2. Popular culture is both a product of marketing and an inspiration for marketing. a. T b. F

a. T

1. Rick Tuan has a unique problem. He must persuade a good friend to stop smoking. He knows that if he just says "Quit," his message will be rejected. Instead, Rick chooses to offer a message in which he presents the positives and negatives of quitting smoking. He feels sure that his approach will have a greater likelihood of success with his friend. a. Two-sided b. Refutational c. Supportive d. Low-involvement

a. Two-sided

1. _____ is a lasting, general evaluation of people, objects, advertisements, or issues. a. An object b. An attitude c. An image d. A power

b. An attitude

1. Motivational conflicts can occur in a variety of ways. If a person must choose between two desirable alternatives, this form of conflict is called _____. a. Avoidance-avoidance conflict b. Approach-approach conflict c. Approach-desire conflict d. Approach-avoidance conflict

b. Approach-approach conflict

1. Which term refers to the collection and analysis of extremely large data sets? a. Online media data b. Big data c. Internet information data d. Mainframe marketing data

b. Big data

1. A customer buying an unfamiliar product that carries a fair degree of risk would most likely engage in _______ decision making? a. Affective b. Cognitive c. Habitual d. Limited

b. Cognitive

1. Researchers agree that there are various levels of commitment to an attitude. The lowest form of involvement is _____. a. Commitment b. Compliance c. Identification d. Internalization

b. Compliance

1. Which of the following is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires? a. Marketing Research b. Consumer Behavior c. Role Theory d. Lifestyle Marketing

b. Consumer Behavior

1. Features actually used to differentiate among choices are called _____ attributes. a. Evaluation b. Determinant c. Search d. Segmentation

b. Determinant

1. A woman no longer receives compliements on the perfume she wants. In learning terms, the stimulus-response connection has weakend. Which of the following terms best describes the situation? a. Generalization b. Extinction c. Negative reinforcement d. Discrimination

b. Extinction

1. A typical antecedent state is product disposal. a. T b. F

b. F

1. According to the different categories of relationships that people may have with products, nostalgic attachment occurs if the product is part of the user's daily routines. a. T b. F

b. F

1. Roxanne is one of Canada's top female models. Because of her beauty, most of Roxanne's admirers also assume that is intelligent, wealthy and happy with her life. This is an example of the social adaptation perspective a. T b. F

b. F

1. A small group of consumers that come into a facility to try new products while being observed is called _______. a. Target market b. Focus group c. Interested consumers d. Heavy user

b. Focus group

1. When a woman buys expensive jewelry, which of the following needs is most likely being expressed? a. Utilitarian b. Hedonic c. Rational d. Biogenic

b. Hedonic

1. Sam Bolton hums the Purina Cat Chow jingle as he drives down the expressway. A thought suddenly occurs to Sam: "Why am I humming this stupid jingle? I don't buy this stuff; in fact, I don't even have a cat." Sam knows this jingle as ______. a. Operant conditioning b. Incidental learning c. Stimulus generalization d. Reinforcement modeling

b. Incidental learning

1. Latrell finds that every time he goes to select athletic shoes he always buys the same brand. In fact, he doesn't even remember trying on any of the other competitive brands even though some of these brands have attractive styles and prices. Latrell's purchase decision process has become one of less and less effort. Latrell's decision process is an example of _____. a. Cognitive dissonance b. Inertia c. Brand loyalty d. Ineptness

b. Inertia

1. When a product helps to establish the user's identity, the user is said to have a(n) _____ type of relationship with the product. a. Love b. Nostalgic attachment c. Self-concept attachment d. Interdependence

c. Self-concept attachment

1. Which of the following values is most associated with materialists? a. Honesty b. Loyalty c. Status d. Frugality

c. Status

1. Allison Chewie felt she was always pressed for time; she was feeling _____. a. Time pressure b. Social time c. Time poverty d. Psychological time

c. Time poverty

1. Many ______ cultures stress the importance of a collective self, in which an individual's identity is derived in large measure from his or her social group. a. American b. Western c. European d. Eastern

d. Eastern

1. According to Freud, the part of the personality that seeks immediate gratification is called the ______. a. Super ego b. Ego c. Conflict d. Id

d. Id

1. It would be difficult to sell consumers life insurance if their notion of time is like a mirror. a. T b. F

a. T

1. Humorous ads receive attention, but many times the humor distracts from the promotional message a. T b. F

a. T

1. Which term refers to the bond between product and consumer that is difficult for competitors to break? a. Brand Loyalty b. Custom c. Relationship d. Patronage

a. Brand Loyalty

1. What theory of motivation is related to the idea that customers desire a state of balance called homeostasis? a. Drive theory b. Instinct theory c. Expectancy theory d. Need theory

a. Drive theory

1. A manufacturing cost decrease and the amount of products that people accumulate goes up, consumers increasingly want to buy things that will provide ____ value. a. Hedonic b. Embedded c. Referent d. Gestalt

a. Hedonic

1. The minimum difference that can be detected between two stimuli is known as the ___. a. Just noticeable difference b. Graded difference c. Absolute threshold d. Gradual differentiation

a. Just noticeable difference

1. Which of the following is NOT considered a demographic? a. Lifestyle b. Sex c. Income d. Occupation

a. Lifestyle

1. The _____ hierarchy of effects assumes the consumer does not initially have a strong preference for one brand over another. Instead, a consumer acts on the basis of limited knowledge and then forms an evaluation only after the product has been purchased or used. a. Low-involvement b. Experimental c. Standard learning d. Habitual

a. Low-involvement

1. The process by which people select, organize, and interpret sensations is called ______. a. Perception b. Consumption c. Adaptation d. Application

a. Perception

1. In its advertising, an automobile company emphasizes the fuel economy, safety rating, and resale value of its car. The company is trying to appeal to which of the following consumer needs? a. Utilitarian needs b. Sentiment needs c. Biogenic needs d. Hedonic needs

a. Utilitarian needs

1. A retailer decides to reduce the price of a sport coat that normally costs $98. The reduction in price is $3. The storeowner believes that the reduction will catch the eye of the value shopper. If the sport coat does not sell, the retailer might wish to consider which of the following before making another price change? a. Weber's law b. The golden triangle c. Subliminal perception d. The figure-ground principle

a. Weber's law

1. Innovative merchants have turned to retail theming to provide new ways to stimulate and encourage consumers during their shopping experience. A retailer that used a simulated outdoor environments (such as fishing pond with real fish) to attract outdoor enthusiasts to the retail store is using a _____ theme. a. Mindscape b. Landscape c. Cyberscape d. Marketscape

b. Landscape

1. Lucy Chang recently purchased a lovely ceramic bowl that featured a red dragon design. When she thought about her purchase, she found that she really had no justification for buying the bowl other than it reminded her of the bowls her mother used during evening meals when she was a young child in Hong Kong. Which type of relationship with a product best explains the reason for Lucy's purchase of the dragon bowl? a. Love b. Nostalgic attachment c. Interdependence d. Self-concept attachment

b. Nostalgic attachment

1. Tanya type scans the newspaper ads every day for new information about current fashion styles and trends, even though she isn't thinking about buying clothes anytime soon. Tanya is engaging in a(n) _____ search. a. Internal b. Ongoing c. Pre-purchase d. Delayed

b. Ongoing

1. A coupon-dispensing machine in a grocery aisle and an employee handing out free samples of a new product are both examples of ______. a. Shopping orientations b. POP stimuli c. Retail theming d. Pretailing

b. POP stimuli

1. When consumers are unhappy with a product, they boycott the product and/or store and express dissatisfaction to friends. This is called _____ response. a. Public b. Private c. Voice d. Third-party

b. Private

1. Which of the following needs from Maslow's hierarchy is addressed by the U.S. Army's advertising slogan "Be all you can be"? a. Belongingness needs b. Self-actualization needs c. Ego needs d. Safety needs

b. Self-actualization needs

1. Which of the following best describes intelligent agents? a. Search engines specifically designed for online marketing and other forms of e-commerce b. Sophisticated software programs that use collaborative filtering technologies to learn from past user behavior to recommend new purchases c. Cookies used to track IP addresses of computer users d. People who can help computer users with problems they encounter when trying to shop online

b. Sophisticated software programs that use collaborative filtering technologies to learn from past user behavior to recommend new purchases

1. Dimensions we use to judge the merits of competing options are called _____. a. Emotional factors b. Rational factors c. Evaluative factors d. Attributes

c. Evaluative factors

1. To the motivation process, the desired end state is the consumer's ____. a. Drive b. Need state c. Goal d. Benefit

c. Goal

1. College student Jeff Barnes sees himself as a rich banker who drives a top of the line BMW. This fantasy is an expression of the ______. a. Actual self b. Collective self c. Ideal self d. Looking-glass self

c. Ideal self

1. If a woman receives compliments after wearing Obsession perfume, she is more likely to keep buying the product and wearing it. What type of instrumental conditioning has occurred in the situation? a. Negative reinforcement b. Symbolic reinforcement c. Positive reinforcement d. Neutral reinforcement

c. Positive reinforcement

1. Jenny Rawlins is absolutely exhausted after her shopping trip to pick out a dress for her sorority's formal event. The stores were crowded, and none of her favorite shops carried a dress that she liked in her size. After spending hours at the mall, Jenny decided to order her dress online and just return it if it was not exactly right. This story is an example of how consumer behavior is a(n) ______. a. Art form b. Industry c. Process d. Theory

c. Process

1. According to the consumer behavior model presented in the text, the _____ includes the shopping experience, point-of-purchase stimuli, and sales interactions. a. Antecedent state b. Cognitive process c. Purchase environment d. Post-purchase environment

c. Purchase environment

1. Research has indicated that the color _____ creates feelings of arousal and stimulus. a. Blue b. Yellow c. Red d. Black

c. Red

1. ________ summarizes the beliefs a person holds about his own attributes and how he/she evaluates their self on those qualities. a. Self-ego b. Actual self c. Self-concept d. Self-esteem

c. Self-concept

1. A buck in consumer decision making is_____. a. Affective b. Cognitive c. Habitual d. All of the above

d. All of the above

1. A buying decisions made by organizational buying is called ____. a. Straight rebuy b. Modified rebuy c. New buy d. All of the above

d. All of the above

1. Hedonic shopping motives include ______. a. Interpersonal attraction b. Thrill of the hunt c. Social experiences d. All of the above

d. All of the above

1. People buy products for _____. a. What they do b. The role the product plays in the consumer's life c. What they mean d. All of the above

d. All of the above

1. Mary Chen is torn between going home for the holidays to visit her parents in China or going on a skiing trip with friends from college. Mary would love to be able to do both. Which of the following motivational conflicts will Mary most likely experience as she makes her decision? a. An approach-avoidance conflict b. An orientation conflict c. An avoidance-avoidance conflict d. An approach-approach conflict

d. An approach-approach conflict

1. ______ are universally recognized ideas and behavioral patterens a. Detached b. Aggressive c. Compliant d. Archetypes

d. Archetypes

1. Others who are present in a consumer's physical and social environment when purchases are made are called _____. a. By-standers b. Challengers c. Purchase competitors d. Co-consumers

d. Co-consumers

1. Which of the following is an unpleasant psychological state? a. Arousal b. Expectancy c. Density d. Crowding

d. Crowding

1. Roger was really angry when Coca-Cola attempted to switch from its older formula to New Coke. He wrote letters to Coca-Cola, talked to friends, called the local bottler, attempted to hoard "old Coke," and complained to the local grocery store manager. In this example, which degree of commitment would be most closely associated with Roger and his attitudes? a. Information acquisition b. Compliance c. Identification d. Internalization

d. Internalization

1. _____ refers to the meanings we assign to sensory stimuli. a. Contrast b. Cues c. Perception d. Interpretation

d. Interpretation

1. A garage sale is an example of what is called _____. a. Renewing b. The profit motive c. Casting away d. Lateral recycling

d. Lateral recycling

1. Neiman Marcus and Whole Foods are examples of ______. a. Ego directed products b. Materialism c. Provenance d. None of the above

d. None of the above

1. The success of ______ hinges on the marketer's ability to convince the consumer to consider its product within a given category. a. Product locations b. Identifying competitors c. Exemplar products d. Positioning strategy

d. Positioning strategy

1. The first stage in the consumer decision-making process is _______. a. Information search b. Evaluation of alternatives c. Product choice d. Problem recognition

d. Problem recognition

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the consumer rights established in President John F. Kennedy's Declaration of Consumer Rights? a. Right to safety b. Right to choice c. Right to be informed d. Right to desire more

d. Right to desire more

1. Advertisements reminding people to stay focused while driving and to avoid texting while driving are examples of ____. a. Services marketing b. Public service marketing c. Social media marketing d. Social marketing

d. Social marketing

1. When Coke weaves a sound into a piece of music, the advertisement is using ___. a. Sound marketing b. Sound watermarking c. Music marketing d. Sound watermarking

d. Sound watermarking

1. Family branding, licensing, and look-alike packaging are all marketing strategies based on ____. a. The spacing effect b. Extinction c. Stimulus discrimination d. Stimulus generalization

d. Stimulus generalization

1. Which theory of attitudes states that people are motivated to take action to resolve inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors? a. Self-perception theory b. Balance theory c. Social judgement theory d. Theory of cognitive dissonance

d. Theory of cognitive dissonance

1. The body is adorned or altered in some way in every culture. Decorating the self serves a number of purposes. Which of the following is NOT one of those purposes? a. To place the individual in the social organization b. To provide a sense of security c. To separate group members from nonmembers d. To indicate negative feelings towards oneself

d. To indicate negative feelings towards oneself

1. Which of the following is an example of C2C e-commerce? a. Database marketing b. RFID tags c. Green marketing d. Virtual brand communities

d. Virtual brand communities