Advanced Aero (Gary) Final Exam
The Harrier "Jump Jet" uses a combination of what two lifting mechanisms to achieve STOL
Aerodynamic lift and vectored thrust lift
Drag divergence mach number is correctly defined as
Is the number at which the aerodynamic drag on an airfoil or airframe begins to increase rapidly as the Mach number continues to increase
What was the date the Wright Brothers achieved controlled flight?
September 23, 1902
Control of the aircraft was achieved by doing what? Wright Brothers
Shifting body weight and legs from side to side, forward and back
How do we decide what airfoils are in which series?
Similar to each other Same flight characteristics Same applications
At what point in history do we see John Stringfellow make his mark on history?
Soon after the Wright Brothers, using their new technology for his first designs.
Otto Lilienthal's gliders were the result of is study of What animal?
Stork
What part of the lift equation is most affected by winglets?
Surface Area
What is the main source of lift for birds?
The "Primaries" on the birds wing.
How many chutes did the Beaupre multi stage parachute include?
3
Higher Aspect Ratio Provides All of the Following Except
stronger wing
The V-22 has best performance in the angles of attack ranging from:
0-8 degrees
Which series do we use when making propellers?
1 or 16
A ducted fan requires this much disk area compared to an open fan:
1/2 times
Boeing has stated that the V-22 design loses what percentage of its vertical lift over a tilt wing design when operating in helicopter mode because of airflow resistance due to the wings?
10%
Actual recorded manned flight began in what century
1700
What series would we use to design a horizontal stabilizer?
4
The F35 needs this much vertical thrust to sustain a hover:
40,000lbs
If we were to be flying a supersonic jet, which series would we want to base our wing off?
6
How many different NACA series are there?
7
Which two series are hardly ever used?
7&8
Most Osprey Missions use fixed wing flight for what percentage of the time?
75
Wings on the glider were placed to sail downward at what degree
9
Once airborne the nacelles rotate _ degrees in as little as _ seconds for horizontal flight
90/12
In 1849 George Cayley designed a large glider that carried __________ for a short duration
A 10-year-old boy
George Cayley was a pioneer in wing design however, it wasn't until _____ that dramatic changes would occur soon after Cayley.
A lightweight engine design
Which of the following types of winglets has a moving camber surface that cancels out the effectiveness of the winglet during abrupt maneuvers?
Active
George Cayley changed the camber of his glider to help.
Allow for better aerodynamic flow and lift
Why did Baumgartner go supersonic when Kittinger did not?
Because he jumped from higher where air density is less Because Kittinger had added drag from his stabilization chute
Why does terminal velocity decrease as you descend?
Because the air density (and pressure) increases
Why did the Wright Brothers develop a wind tunnel?
Better performance calculations
Later testing and design changes of the glider allowed this to take place in 1853.
Carry the first adult
winglets
Change the center of lift Reduce frontal area drag Increase airspeed
Which of the following concepts were discovered by George Cayley?
Dihedral wing design
Which aerodynamic equation is not associated with the effects of winglets?
Finesse Ratio/Equation
Why did John Stringfellow have such large wings on his models?
From his study of birds leading him to put more emphasis on lift then thrust.
What kinds of applications do 4-Series airfoils have?
General Aviation
This man is credited for discovering the four principles of flight.
George Cayley
This man successfully designed a glider and flew approximately 100 years before the Wright Brothers
George Cayley
Who is considered to be the father, or fathers of aviation according to many experts?
George Cayley
How did people make wings before NACA?
Guessed based on previous wings
George Cayley designed multiple flying devices, but his work focused mostly with?
Heavier than air machines
The Harrier Jump Jet's vectored thrust is caused by
Hot bleed air from the engine being vectored downward
What part of the lift equation did John Stringfellow put too much emphasis on?
Lift
Which of the following aerodynamic concepts were discovered by George Cayley?
Lift, weight, thrust, and drag
Why is NACA important
Made future wing design easier by characterizing airfoils
Overall, was John Stringfellow's work a failure?
No, much of his research was used in future studies
Was Kittinger's project created to protect pilots who are already trained skydivers?
No, unlike the previous attempts, Kittinger was planning for pilots untrained as skydivers.
Which Wright brother conducted the first documented controllable, self-propelled, heavier than air flight in Kitty Hawk
Orville wright
Who did the Wright Brothers have a lot of respect for
Otto Lilienthal
What is the main purpose of winglets?
Prevent high pressure under the wing from converging with the low pressure on top of the wing
What was the most important part of the equipment Kittinger tested?
The Beaupre Multi Stage Parachute
Why can't you open a parachute at 128,000 ft?
The pressure and density aren't enough for it to open
The Lilienthal's had a major influence on what part of the airplane?
The shape, dihedral, and shape of the wing.
What is terminal velocity? (in reference to skydiving)
The speed at which drag is equal to weight
What event triggered Wilber Wright's active interest in aviation?
The sudden death of Otto Lilienthal
In VTOL aircraft, hover is normally sustained by
The thrust produced by the engines or propellers
Which of the following is FALSE about Spiroid Winglets?
They allow the aircraft to transition through transonic to supersonic speeds
Blended winglets are more widely used, and are prevalent in many types of winglets because
They decrease interference dra
Who was killed in the first death due to an airplane crash
Thomas Etholen Selfridge
What aerodynamic forces did the Lilienthal brothers have a good understanding of?
Thrust, Lift, Weight
What was Kittinger's main goal in the Excelsior project?
To test high-altitude bailout equipment for fighter pilots and astronauts
What is the modern day problem when talking about VTOL and high performance aircraft?
Transitioning between the two phases of flight
What was the name of the bike the Wright Brothers designed and sold?
Van Cleve
What is the largest reason for the lift vector in birds?
Vortices created by downward motion of the wing.
Who partnered with John Stringfellow during his research but eventually left because he was discouraged with the results?
William Henson
Two methods of reducing turbulence or stalling in both an aircraft and a bird are what?
Wing slots and sweepback
Where was Wilbur Wright going to attend college?
Yale
Is it important to understand Aerodynamics of things even such as the aerodynamics of birds?
Yes aerodynamics is a key part in the ability to not only build aircraft but also fly them correctly and well. (/1 pts )
Was John Stringfellow's "Ariel" a success?
Yes, it flew around 150ft, breaking the world record at the time.
Geometric aspect ratios are associated with
active winglets
Otto Lilienthal's book discusses what?
basic principles of the curved wing
Where did the Wright Brothers do most of their work on their Wright Flyer?
bike shop
If the prop rotor gearbox fails
the V-22 prop rotor cannot be feathered, and both engines must be stopped before an emergency landing
Split scimitar winglets provide for
decrease interference drag
Which of the following is NOT true about winglets? They
decrease speed
Raked wingtips allow for
decreased form drag
What additions were made to the V-22 to increase the low-speed and the high-speed performance envelope?
external wing fences fore body strakes vortex generators
The Boeing 777 aircraft utilizes ____________ to increase the aspect ratio
foldable wingtips
inglets are most effective during which stage(s) of flight
high angels of attack
What is the reason for connecting the drive shafts to a common gearbox on the V-22?
in the event of an engine failure, one engine can power both propellers.
All of the following are negative effects of winglets except
increase aircraft range
winglets do what
increase surface area
What part of the total drag equation is most affected by winglets?
induced drag
How did the Wright Brothers discover Wing Warping?
inner tube box
Older winglets that attached at a 90-degree angle increased
interference drag
Why is there difficulty controlling a aircraft while it is hovering?
lack of control surfaces
Why is the tail rotor blade positioned in the horizontal plane?
nacelles vertical and rotors horizontal
The jet exhaust produces what type of pressure under the plane?
negative
A Wider Wingtip Creates A Smaller Wingtip Vortice
no
What does it mean to be an inverse airfoil design?
picking characteristics then designing the airfoil
What type of winglet provides for the least amount of parasite drag (interference drag) increase?
raked
What does Wing Warping do for the aircraft?
roll
The overall dimensions of the V-22 Osprey were defined by:
shipboard compatibility requirements
The two roll posts under the wings are for:
stabilization and control
What condition caused Lilienthal's fatal accident?
stall
What is the relationship between weight and win surface area?
the heavier the weight the bigger the surface area
What is the biggest danger in a high-altitude bailout event for a fighter pilot?
uncontrollable spin
What has a larger impact on the drag, air density or velocity?
velocity
What did wind-tunnel testing in the 1980s help to shape of the V-22 Osprey?
wing-fuselage juncture and overwing fairing rear fuselage upsweep and tail configuration