Advanced Athletic Training 1 Final Exam
the bone cells that form new bone tissue are called a) osteoclasts b) osteoblasts c) periosteum cells d) Sharpey fibers
b) osteoblasts
the most frequently fractured bones in the thoracic cage are a.) ribs 1-2 b.) ribs 3-4 c.) ribs 5-9 d.) ribs 10-12
c.) ribs 5-9
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
the most common mechanism of injury for a cervical fracture is a.) a lateral blow causing rapid lateral flexion of the neck b.) a violent muscle contraction c.) forceful hyperextension d.) axial loading and violent neck flexion
d.) axial loading and violent neck flexion
definition foreseeability of harm
danger is apparent, resulting in a unsafe situation
definition informed consent
person gives consent to treatment
action of C5
shoulder abduction
athletic participation "red flags"
1. absent/diseased kidney 2. missing/undescended testicle 3. heart murmur 4. asthma 5. history of multiple concussions 6. severe nearsightedness 7. severe acne 8. uncontrolled hypertension 9. difficulty breathing while laying down 10. amenorrhea 11. abnormal noises heard during pulmonary auscultation
red flags indicating EMS activation
1. severe hemorrhage 2. severe injuries to spinal column/neck 3. loss of consciousness 4. severe heat illness 5. severe chest pains
blood in the urine is termed a) hemaglobulinuria b) albuminuria c) hematuria d) nephroptosis
C) hematuria
A mild acromioclavicular sprain is treated with: I. Ice application II. NSAIDs III. Immobilization with a sling IV. Referral to a physician V. Activity as tolerated a.) I and III b.) II and IV c.) I, II and III d.) I, II and V
I, II, and V
Cranial Nerves
I. Olfactory II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal VI. Abducens VII. Facial VIII. Vestibulocochlear IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Accessory XII. Hypoglossal
hernia
Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
wedge fracture
Scheuermann disease
definition hematoma
a localized mass of blood and lymph confined within a space
An excellent tool for visualizing the CNS, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular system is a(n) a) MRI b) CT scan c) ultrasound imaging d) myelogram
a) MRI
Lace-up ankle braces are designed to limit which motions? a) all ankle motions b) dorsiflexion/inversion c) dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion d) eversion/inversion
a) all ankle motions
A tissue that resists a force better from a horizontal direction than a vertical direction is said to be a) anisotropic b) resilient c) elastic d) metamorphic
a) anisotropic
Cervical collars or neck rolls cannot decrease the incidence of cervical injuries due to a) axial loading b) hyperextension c) circumduction d) lateral rotation
a) axial loading
Collagen is the major component of all but which of the following tissues? a) bone b) tendon c) ligament d) skin
a) bone
malfeasance is defined as a) committing an act that is not one's responsibility to perform b) committing an act that another minimally competent professional would do in the same circumstance c) committing an act that is one's responsibility to perform but using the wrong procedure d) failing to perform one's legal duty of care
a) committing an act that is not one's responsibility to perform
Remodeling of bone tissue involves osteoblast activity on the ___ side of the fracture a) concave b) convex c) epiphyseal d) tension
a) concave
For a muscle to shorten it must a) contract concentrically b) contract eccentrically c) remain in a static position d)contract isometrically
a) contract concentrically
A muscle that can move through the complete range of motion against gravity with no overload is graded as a) fair b) good c) normal d) poor
a) fair
A golfer is going to the next hole of the golf course when a golf ball bounces off the ground and hits the gastrocnemius region of his lower leg. This would be referred to as a: a) focal injury b) diffuse injury c) stress injury d) strain injury
a) focal injury
Visceral pain result from a) injury to an organ in the thoracic cavity b) injury to ligaments, muscle, or skin c) injury to bone d) referred pain
a) injury to an organ in the thoracic cavity
The amount of "give" within a joint's supportive tissue is termed a) laxity b) instability c) accessory movement d) passive movement
a) laxity
Permission granted by the government for an individual to practice a profession is termed a) licensure b) certification c) registration d) scope of practice
a) licensure
What two factors determine whether an injury occurs when a force is sustained by tissues in the human body? a) magnitude of forces and tissue's material properties b) compression of force and yield point of tissues c) tensile forces and girth of tissues d) size of force and girth of tissues
a) magnitude of forces and tissue's material properties
The most important tool of the PPE is the a) medical history b) musculoskeletal examination c) cardiovascular examination d) vision examination
a) medical history
Ethical responsibilities that guide one's actions and promote high standards of conduct are called a) standards of professional practice b) torts c) administrative standards d) standards of protocols
a) standards of professional practice
The beginning of the acute inflammatory phase is marked by a) vasoconstriction b) vasodilation c) fibroblast proliferation d) epithelial cell migration
a) vasoconstriction
how long does it take to rewarm an area to normal body temperature after cold treatment? a.) 90 mins b.) 60 mins c.) 45 mins d.) 30 mins
a.) 90mins
an articular fracture dislocation to the proximal end of the first metacarpal is called a.) Bennett fracture b.) bowler's fracture c.) Galeazzi fracture d.) Monteggia fracture
a.) Bennett fracture
a brachial plexus injury usually affects what nerve roots of the plexus? a.) C5-C6 b.) C6-C7 c.) C7-C8 d.) C8-T1
a.) C5-C6
the thumb has all of the following joint articulations EXCEPT a.) DIP b.) CM c.) MP d.) IP
a.) DIP
The ligament that stabilizes and encircles the head of the radius is the a.) annular ligament b.) radial collateral c.) ulnar collateral d.) quadratus ligament
a.) annular ligament
poor blood supply to the anatomic snuffbox increases the risk of _____ to this area a.) aseptic necrosis b.) ulnar pulse c.) Smith fractures d.) lunate dislocations
a.) aseptic necrosis
in designing an individualized therapeutic exercise program the first step is to a.) assess the present level of function and dysfunction b.) develop a treatment plan c.) develop short and long term goals d.) formulate a list of patient problems
a.) assess the present level of function and dysfunction
what nerve can be damaged in an anterior glenohumeral dislocation? a.) axillary nerve b.) median nerve c.) musculocutaneous nerve d.) radial nerve
a.) axillary nerve
speed's test is used to test what condition of the shoulder area? a.) bicipital tendinitis b.) rotator cuff impingement c.) AC sprain d.) rotator cuff tear
a.) bicipital tendinitis
which of the following best describes the sequence of sensations experienced during the application of cold therapy? a.) cold, burning, aching, analgesia b.) burning, aching, cold, analgesia c.) analgesia, cold, burning, aching d.) cold, aching, burning, analgesia
a.) cold, burning, aching, analgesia
the management for hyperventilation involves a.) concentrating on slow inhalations through the nose and exhalations through the mouth b.) concentration on slow inhalations through the moth and exhalations through the nose c.) concentrating on slow inhalations and exhalations through the mouth d.) concentration on quick inhalations through the mouth and low exhalations though the nose
a.) concentrating on slow inhalations through the nose and exhalations through the mouth
a positive Finkelstein test suggests a.) de Quervain tenosynovitis b.) ulnar carpal syndrome c.) enlargement of interosseous nerve d.) ulnar collateral ligament sprain
a.) de Quervain tenosynovitis
the TFCC acts as a stabilizer for the a.) distal radioulnar joint b.) radoiocarpal joint c.) carpometacarpal joint d.) metacarpophalangeal joint
a.) distal radioulnar joint
in a perilunate dislocation, the lunate rests _____ relative to the other carpals a.) dorsally b.) anteriorly c.) posteriorly d.) volarly
a.) dorsally
the close-packed position of the humeroulnar joint is a.) extension b.) flexion c.) 90* of elbow flexion d.) 45* of elbow flexion
a.) extension
intra-articular swelling prevents: a.) full shoulder adduction b.) external rotation c.) internal rotation d.) shoulder abduction
a.) full shoulder adduction
forearm pronation and supination occur about a ___ joint at the elbow a.) gliding b.) pivot c.) saddle d.) hinge
a.) gliding
the main function of the rotator cuff muscles is to a.) hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa b.) perform abduction and external rotation c.) perform abduction and internal rotation d.) facilitate scapulothoracic motions
a.) hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa
what is the optimal time for beginning therapeutic exercise following surgery or an injury? a.) immediately after b.) 24 hours later c.) 3 to 4 days later d.) when pain subsides
a.) immediately after
what is the clinical significance of Erg point? a.) it is the most superficial position of the brachial plexus b.) it is the best location to palpate the carotid artery c.) it is the best location to palpate the facet joints d.) it is the most superficial position of the middle scalene
a.) it is the most superficial position of the brachial plexus
which of the following is NOT an open kinetic chain exercise? a.) knee extension b.) bench press c.) throwing a ball d.) wall push-up
a.) knee extension
a common sign of a facial fracture to the maxilla or mandible is a.) malocclusion b.) nosebleed c.) TMJ dislocation d.) raccoon eyes
a.) malocclusion
flexion of the DIP and PIP joints test damage to which nerve? a.) median b.) radial c.) ulnar d.) volar
a.) median
which of the following factors has the greatest influence on adherence to a therapeutic exercise program? a.) motivation b.) focus c.) confidence d.) social support
a.) motivation
following head trauma, inability to recall events that took place earlier in the day is an example of a.) retrograde amnesia b.) anterograde amnesia c.) vertigo d.) disorientation
a.) retrograde amnesia
what finger is commonly involved in Jersey finger? a.) ring finger b.) index finger c.) thumb d.) middle finger
a.) ring finger
In a first-time glenohumeral dislocation, the injured arm is usually held in which of the following positions a.) slightly abducted and externally rotated b.) slightly abducted and internally rotated c.) slightly extended and internally rotated d.) slightly extended in a neutral position
a.) slightly abducted and externally rotated
When an elbow is dislocated, the arm is frequently held in what position? a.) slightly flexed with the forearm appearing shortened b.) extended with the forearm pronated c.) slightly flexed with the forearm pronated d.) slightly flexed with the forearm supinated
a.) slightly flexed with the forearm appearing shortened
the organ that cleanses the blood of foreign matter and stores excess red blood cells is the a.) spleen b.) kidney c.) liver d.) pancreas
a.) spleen
the _____ bursa may be irritated when repeatedly compressed during the overhand throwing motion a.) subacromial b.) subscapularis c.) biceps d.) subcoracoid
a.) subacromial
a 14-year old male has sustained a medial collateral ligament knee injury. Which of the following modalities should NOT be used during the subacute phase? a.) ultrasound b.) ice massage c.) cold whirlpool d.) ice pack application
a.) ultrasound
definition dermatome
areas of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
Standard of care is defined as a) committing an act that is not one's responsibility to perform b) committing an act that another minimally competent professional would do in the same circumstance c) committing an act that is one's responsibility to perform but using the wrong procedure d) failing to perform one's legal duty of care
b) committing an act that another minimally competent professional would do in the same circumstances
Individuals diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis often use this type of brace to protect the elbow. a) bilateral spring brace b) counterforce brace c) neoprene sleeve d) open-cell pad
b) counterforce brace
The sensory component of a nerve root is tested using a a) myotome b) dermatome c) deep tendon reflex d) superficial reflex
b) dermatome
The escape of fluid from the blood vessels into the joint cavity is called a) ecchymosis b) effusion c) erythema d) swelling
b) effusion
As part of the healing of soft tissue, fibroblast production of a supportive network of type 1 and type 2 collagen takes place a) in the inflammation phase b) in the proliferation phase c) in the maturation phase d) postmaturation
b) in the proliferation phase
Question concerning head injury, unconsciousness, repeated headaches, seizures, and unexplained muscle weakness are part of the a) musculoskeletal examination b) neurological examination c) cardiovascular examination d) gastrointestinal examination
b) neurological examination
An athletic trainer suspects that a football player has a neck injury but does not use a rigid backboard to stabilize the individual. What type of legal liability could result from the athletic trainer's action? a) malfeasance b) nonfeasance c) misfeasance d) gross negligence
b) nonfeasance
Visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, general motor function, posture, and gait is called a) inspection b) observation c) proprioceptive input d) symptom
b) observation
The most effective type of mouth protection is the a) vacuum-formed mouth guard b) pressure-formed laminated type c) stock mouthguard d) thermal-set mouth guard
b) pressure-formed laminated type
Internal hemorrhage is characterized by a) rapid and strong pulse b) rapid and weak pulse c) slow and strong pulse d) slow and weak pulse
b) rapid and weak pulse
strains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability, and/or muscle weakness are categorized as: a) first degree injuries b) second degree injuries c) third degree injuries d) fourth degree injuries
b) second degree injuries
a single application of cold should NOT extend beyond a.) 1 to 10 minutes b.) 15 to 30 minutes c.) 30 to 45 minutes d.) 50 to 60 minutes
b.) 15 to 30 minutes
the brachial plexus is made from what spinal nerves? a.) C4-T2 c.) C3-T2 d.) C4-T1
b.) C5-T1
"targeting" or the "halo test" is used to determine the presence of a.) blood in the ear b.) CSF in the ear c.) blood in the nasal septum d.) inner ear infection
b.) CSF in the ear
a wrist fracture where the radius and ulna are forced dorsally is called a a.) bowler's fracture b.) Colles fracture c.) de Quervain fracture d.) smith fracture
b.) Colles fracture
a test used to determine the degree of balance difficulties indicative of a concussion is the a.) Babinski test b.) Romberg test c.) Thompson test d.) Tinel test
b.) Romberg test
a disadvantage of isotonic training is that a.) the expense of the equipment b.) a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point c.) it only permits concentric contractions d.) a does not permit exercise of multiple joints simultaneously
b.) a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point
frontal plane movements of the humerus at the shoulder include a.) flexion and extension b.) abduction and adduction c.) medial and lateral rotation d.) horizontal abduction and adduction
b.) abduction and adduction
the primary shoulder flexors are the a.) anterior deltoid and sternal portion of pectoralis major b.) anterior deltoid and clavicular portion of the pectoralis major c.) middle deltoid, pectoralis major, and biceps d.) middle deltoid, suprascapularis, and biceps
b.) anterior deltoid and clavicular portion of the pectoralis major
the vertebrae that consists of a bony ring with large, flat, superior articular facets on which the skull rests is the a.) annulus fibrosus b.) atlas c.) axis d.) dens
b.) atlas
a patient with sciatica caused by an annular tear will report a.) pain localized over a facet joint on spinal extension b.) back pain is greater than radiating leg pain c.) radiating leg pain is greater than back pain d.) pain that is not reproduced with straight leg raising
b.) back pain is greater than radiating leg pain
appendicitis is a result of a a.) viral infection b.) bacterial infection c.) fungal infection d.) compression force
b.) bacterial infection
the angle between the longitudinal axes of the humerus and the ulna when the arm is in anatomical position is known as the a.) axial angle b.) carrying angle c.) humeroulnar angle d.) longitudinal angle
b.) carrying angle
if resisted wrist extension is applied to an athlete's hand with the forearm pronated and elbow flexed at 45*, what test is being performed? a.) capsular palus test b.) common extensor tendinitis test c.) Thomas test d.) tinel test
b.) common extensor tendinitis test
a ____ is an injury away from the actual injury site due to rotational components during acceleration a.) coup injury b.) contrecoup injury c.) focal injury d.) diffuse injury
b.) contrecoup injury
which of the following is NOT considered a long-term goal? a.) bilateral equal range of motion b.) control of inflammation c.) relaxation training d.) maintenance of cardiovascular fitness
b.) control of inflammation
the ligament that resists independent upward movement of the distal clavicle is the a.) acromioclavicular b.) coracoclavicular c.) costoclavicular d.) sternoclavicular
b.) coracoclavicular
the condition in which the nuclear material bulges into the spinal canal and runs the risk of impinging adjacent nerve roots is termed a.) prolapsed disk b.) extruded disk c.) sequestrated disk d.) sciatica
b.) extruded disk
______ is an example of a deep penetrating modality a.) moist heat pack b.) iontophoresis c.) ice immersion d.) warm whirlpool
b.) iontophoresis
which of the following statements is TRUE concerning collagenous scar formation compared with the original mature injured tissue? a.) it is less efficient and tolerant of shearing forces b.) it is less efficient and tolerant of tensile forces c.) it is more efficient and tolerant of tensile forces d.) it is more efficient and tolerant of shearing forces
b.) it is less efficient and tolerant of tensile forces
the most important action in the immediate management of any type of anterior neck trauma is to a.) stabilize the head and neck b.) maintain an open airway c.) summon EMS d.) refer to a physician
b.) maintain an open airway
rupture of the extensor tendon from the distal phalanx due to forceful flexion of the phalanx is called a a.) boutonniere deformity b.) mallet finger c.) jersey finger d.) trigger finger
b.) mallet finger
ultrasound frequency is measured in a.) volts b.) megahertz c.) amps d.) watts per square centimeter
b.) megahertz
which of the following structures lie within the cubital fossa? a.) median nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, and brachioradialis b.) musculocutaneous nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, and median nerve c.) radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, and median nerve d.) ulnar nerve, triceps tendon, olecranon bursa, and fat pad
b.) musculocutaneous nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, and median nerve
if an athlete has pain over anatomical snuff box, it indicates which of the following injuries? a.) lunate dislocation b.) navicular fracture c.) Bennett fracture d.) Gamekeeper's thumb
b.) navicular fracture
an athlete has sustained a proximal humeral fracture. Where should circulatory function be checked? a.) on the posterior side of the elbow b.) on the anterior side of the elbow c.) on the lateral aspect of the elbow d.) on the anterior surface of the hand
b.) on the anterior side of the elbow
an inability to elevate the eye is a classic sign of a a.) hyphema b.) orbital blowout fracture c.) preorbital ecchymosis d.) detached retina
b.) orbital blowout fracture
a varus stress applied at 15* to 20* of elbow flexion stresses the a.) elbow flexors b.) radial collateral ligament c.) ulnar collateral ligament d.) ulnar nerve
b.) radial collateral ligament
specialized connective tissue that forms protective passageways through which tendons, nerves and blood vessels pass is called a.) carpal tunnel b.) retinacula c.) tendiosus tunnel d.) tunnelosus
b.) retinacula
the torg ratio aids in the assessment of a.) cervical muscle strains b.) spinal stenosis c.) scoliosis d.) spondylosis
b.) spinal stenosis
which one of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? a.) teres minor b.) teres major c.) supraspinatus d.) infraspinatus
b.) teres major
Runners are often at risk for low back pain due to a.) tight hip extensors and quadriceps muscles b.) tight hip flexors and hamstrings muscles c.) tight abdominal muscles d.) tight back muscles
b.) tight hip flexors and hamstrings muscles
contusion of the radial nerve during a blow to the elbow will exhibit signs of a.) transitory paralysis of the flexors of the arm b.) transitory paralysis of the extensors of the arm c.) sensory deficit of the middle finger d.) sensory deficit of the ring finger
b.) transitory paralysis of the extensors of the arm
systemic circuit
blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues
pulmonary circuit
blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
Hypotension is caused by each of the following except: a) shock b) heart attack c) anabolic d) internal injury
c) anabolic steroids
And individual suffers from a Grade 2 tensile force injury to their nerves. This is called: a) neurotmesis b) neuropraxia c) axonotmesis d) paresthesia
c) axonotmesis
If no pain is present during PROM, but is present during AROM, what is injured? a) collagenous b) connective tissue c) contractile tissue d) none of the above
c) contractile tissue
All of these can be used to test for possible fractures EXCEPT: a) vibration b) compression c) depression d) distraction
c) depression
Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the bone's a) apophyseal plates b) cortical plates c) epiphyseal plates d) periosteal plates
c) epiphyseal plates
The ability of a muscle to stretch is called a) constractility b) elasticity c) extensibility d) tensibility
c) extensibility
In assessing ligament laxity, a soft-tissue end feel indicates a) no injury b) grade 1 injury c) grade 2 injury d) grade 3 injury
c) grade 2 injury
A soccer player receives a bruise to the right thigh. What type of force might have produced this injury? What type of injury resulted? a) low mass, high velocity, diffuse b) low mass, high velocity, focal c) high velocity, low mass, focal d) low velocity, high mass, diffuse
c) high velocity, low mass, focal
Hypermobile individuals tend to be more susceptible to a) muscles strains b) nerve pinch syndromes c) ligament sprains d) overstress tendinitis
c) ligament sprains
Decorticate rigidity is characterized by a) marked extension of all four extremities b) marked extension of the elbows, wrists, and fingers and marked flexion in the toes c) marked extension of the legs and marked flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers d) marked extension of the legs only
c) marked extension of the legs and marked flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers
Movement of an affected part by another person or device without effort by the athlete is ___ exercises a) active b) assistive c) passive d) resistive
c) passive
Techniques and equipment used to prevent or protect an injury site are called a) functional devices b) NOCSAE devices c) prophylactic devices d) resilience devices
c) prophylactic devices
Decreased skin temperature on palpation of an injury site could indicate a) inflammation b) infection c) reduced circulation d) reduced nerve conduction
c) reduced circulation
A wrong done by an individual whereby the injured party seeks a remedy for damages is called a(n) a) act of omission b) act of commission c) tort d) gross negligence
c) tort
a boxer's fracture is a fracture of the a.) 1st phalanx b.) 1st metacarpal c.) 5th metacarpal d.) 2nd metacarpal
c.) 5th metacarpal
in an glenohumeral dislocation, the glenoid labrum can be damaged or avulsed from the anterior lip of the glenoid fossa, leading to what type of injury? a.) anterior deformity b.) anterior stress lesion c.) Bankart lesion d.) impingement lesion
c.) Bankart lesion
which of these tests does not assess tension on the sciatic nerve? a.) straight leg raise b.) well straight leg raise c.) Brudzinski's d.) bowstring e.) I, II, and V
c.) Brudzinski's
conduction occurs during the application of I. ultrasound II. galvanic stimulation III. ice packs IV. paraffin V. moist hot pack a.) I and V b.) I, IV and V c.) III, IV and V d.) II only
c.) III, IV and V
the top of the iliac crest is the landmark for which vertebra? a.) T12 b.) L2 c.) L4 d.) S1
c.) L4
which of the following tests may be used to determine if the median or ulnar nerves are compressed? a.) Allen test b.) de Quervain test c.) Phalen test d.) tinel sign
c.) Phalen test
Apley scratch test is used primarily to determine a.) rotator cuff pathology b.) ROM of flexion/extension c.) ROM of internal and external rotation d.) inferior glenohumeral dislocation
c.) ROM of internal and external rotation
each of the following is a characteristic of a biceps brachii rupture EXCEPT a.) history of sudden eccentric lag b.) tenderness on the antecubital fossa c.) ability to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm d.) inability to palpate the biceps tendon
c.) ability to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm
an athlete with a distal clavicle fracture may exhibit clinical signs and symptoms similar to those of a.) subacromial bursitis b.) rotator cuff tendinitis c.) an acromoclavicular sprain d.) impingement
c.) an acromoclavicular sprain
crepitus about the shoulder could indicate all but which of the following? a.) inflamed subacromial bursa b.) biceps tenosynovitis c.) deltoid myositis ossificans d.) irregular articular surface
c.) deltoid myositis ossificans
all but which of the following are contraindications for cryotherapy? a.) urticaria b.) hypertension c.) edema d.) lack of sensation
c.) edema
while performing the Yergason test, the elbow is a.) in a neutral position b.) in full flexion c.) flexed about 90* d.) in full extension
c.) flexed about 90*
In assessing lumbar spine disorders, the ______ test is used to determine if the patient is a malingerer. a.) valsalva b.) milgram c.) hoover d.) slump
c.) hoover
An inability to flex the distal phalanx because of a rupture of the tendon is called a.) boutonniere deformity b.) bowler's finger c.) jersey finger d.) mallet finger
c.) jersey finger
the "Adam's apple" is part of the a.) epiglottis b.) pharynx c.) larynx d.) trachea
c.) larynx
nearly 80% of all clavicular fractures occur where? a.) at the acromion process b.) medial one third c.) middle third d.) distal one third
c.) middle third
the functional unit of the spine is called the a.) intervertebral disk b.) ligamentum nuchae c.) motion segment d.) vertebrae
c.) motion segment
The adolescent athlete who complains of sudden pain and locking of the elbow joint should be suspected of having a.) epicondylitis b.) olecranon bursitis c.) osteochondritis dissecans d.) supracondylar fracture of the humerus
c.) osteochondritis dissecans
the organ that secretes most of the digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon is the a.) kidney b.) liver c.) pancreas d.) spleen
c.) pancreas
the introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin with ultrasound is called a.) cavitation b.) iontophoresis c.) phonophoresis d.) TENS
c.) phonophoresis
assessment of clinical signs and symptoms for concussions are grouped into four categories. Which of the following represents the correct four categories? a.) physical, mental, emotional, sleep b.) physical, mental, cognitive, sleep c.) physical, emotional, cognitive, sleep d.) mental, cognitive, emotional, sleep
c.) physical, emotional, cognitive, sleep
an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may occur spontaneously or as the result of trauma, is called: a.) hemothorax b.) pneumonia c.) pneumothorax d.) tension pneumothorax
c.) pneumothorax
what nerve innervates the main elbow extensors? a.) median b.) musculocutaneous c.) radial d.) ulnar
c.) radial
in evaluating a head injury, which of the following techniques can be used by the athletic trainer to assess ability to concentrate? a.) ask the individual about the time, place, person and situation b.) name three words or identify three objects and ask the individual to recall these words or objects c.) recite three digits and ask the individual to recite them backwards d.) while the individual's eyes are open and their arms are out to the side, instruct the individual to touch the index finger of one hand to the nose and then alternate with the other hand to the nose
c.) recite three digits and ask the individual to recite them backwards
dead arm syndrome is associated with a.) shoulder impingement b.) frozen shoulder subluxation c.) recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation d.) acromioclavicular separation
c.) recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation
when viewing an athlete from a posterior view, the spine is found to be curved. This condition is known as a.) kyphosis b.) lordosis c.) scoliosis d.) spondylosis
c.) scoliosis
a bilateral separation in the pars interarticularis that leads to anterior displacement of a vertebra is a.) lordosis b.) spina bifida c.) spondylolisthesia d.) spondylolysis
c.) spondylolisthesia
Delayed signs and symptoms days or even weeks after head trauma are most likely to be associated with which of the following injuries? a.) concussion b.) epidural hematoma c.) subdural hematoma d.) occipital contusion
c.) subdural hematoma
A softball catcher is complaining of swelling over the hypothenar eminence and numbness into the small finger. What structure might be injured? a.) musculocutaneous nerve b.) carpal tunnel c.) ulnar nerve d.) radial nerve
c.) ulnar nerve
definition gross negligence
committing an act in total disregard for the health of others
Which of the following would NOT be macrotrauma injury? a) glenohumeral dislocation b) syndesmosis sprain c) hip pointer d) achilles tendinitis
d) achilles tendinitis
Failure to receive informed consent from an athlete could result in a) gross negligence b) misfeasance c) malfeasance d) battery
d) battery
Which of the following is NOT a normal joint end feel? a) soft b) firm c) hard d) empty
d) empty
An incomplete fracture caused by bending and torsional loads is a a) stress fracture b) compression fracture c) spiral fracture d) greenstick fracture
d) greenstick
Which of the following would indicate the possibility of infection or inflammation? a) increased swelling b) increased ecchymosis c) increased tenderness d) increased temperature
d) increased temperature
The position in a joint's ROM during which it is under the least amount of stress is called the a) relaxed position b) neutral position c) close-packed position d) loose-packed position
d) loose-packed position
Nearsightedness occurs when the light rays are focused in front of the retina and is also known as: a) emmetropia b) hypermetropia c) hypometropia d) myopia
d) myopia
An abnormal sensation characterized by numbness. tingling, or a burning sensation is called a) anesthesia b) hypoesthesia c) hyperesthesia d) paresthesia
d) paresthesia
Knee braces that provide absolute or relative immobilization are called a) derotational b) functional c) prophylactic d) rehabilitative
d) rehabilitative
Information pertaining to which of the following is NOT included in the assessment component of SOAP notes? a) long-term goals b) short-term goals c) immediate treatment d) severity of injury
d) severity of injury
A noted or subjective change in an individual's body or its functions that indicates an injury or disease is termed a) diagnosis b) etiology c) sign d) symptom
d) symptom
While stretching for an overthrown ball, a first baseman strained an adductor muscle. What type of force would have produced this injury? a) compressive b) shearing c) axial d) tensile
d) tensile
Which of the following best illustrates a symptom? a) deformity b) ecchymosis c) crepitation d) tinnitus
d) tinnitus
In medical situations, consciousness is determined through a) level of stupor b) tactile stimuli c) verbal stimuli d) verbal and sensory stimuli
d) verbal and sensory stimuli
a pulse pressure greater than ___ mm Hg indicates intracranial bleeding a.) 20 b.) 30 c.) 40 d.) 50
d.) 50
which of the following is NOT a closed kinetic chain exercise for the shoulder? a.) wall push-ups b.) floor push-ups c.) step-ups using the StairMaster d.) Codman pendulum
d.) Codman pendulum
management for a forearm compartment syndrome is I. application of ice II. application of external compression III. immobilization of the forearm and wrist IV. immediate referral to a physician a.) I, II, III, and IV b.) I, II and III c.) II and IV d.) I, III and IV
d.) I, III and IV
what of the following tests is not used to assess sacroiliac dysfunction? a.) approximation test b.) FABER test c.) gaenslen test d.) Oppenheim test
d.) Oppenheim test
the middle portion of the deltoid is responsible for what motion? a.) flexion, horizontal adduction b.) extension, horizontal abduction c.) flexion and extension d.) abduction, horizontal abduction
d.) abduction, horizontal abduction
which of the following visceral organs would not bleed profusely if injured? a.) spleen b.) pancreas c.) kidneys d.) bladder
d.) bladder
which of the following tests is used to asses a labral lesion? a.) speed's test b.) planers test c.) sulcus sign test d.) clunk test
d.) clunk test
the transfer of energy between two objects via a medium, such as air or water, as it moves across the body creating temperature variation is termed a.) radiation b.) conduction c.) conversion d.) convection
d.) convection
following head trauma, an athlete appears fine, but within 10 to 20 minutes starts to exhibit signs and symptoms of neurological deterioration, such as drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and decreased level of consciousness. What injury should be suspected? a.) Basilar fracture b.) concussion c.) subdural hematoma d.) epidural hematoma
d.) epidural hematoma
mallet finger injuries are usually splintered in ___ for ___ a.) flexion, 4 to 6 weeks b.) extension, 4 to 6 weeks c.) neutral, 8 to 12 weeks d.) extension, 6 to 8 weeks
d.) extension, 6 to 8 weeks
the mechanism of injury for a PIP dislocation is a.) valgus stress b.) varus stress c.) hyperflexion d.) hyperextension
d.) hyperextension
after executing a tackle by leading with his head, a football player is down on the field. All of the following suggest an unstable neck EXCEPT a.) the player is unconscious b.) the player is conscious and reports numbness in the upper extremities c.) the player is conscious, neurologically intact, and reports neck pain d.) none of the above
d.) none of the above
after receiving a blow to the sternum, an athlete has difficulty swallowing, a diminished pulse, and hoarseness. What injury may have occurred? a.) glenohumeral dislocation b.) fracture of the sternum c.) fractured clavicle d.) posterior displacement of the clavicle
d.) posterior displacement of the clavicle
most elbow dislocations occur from axial loading when falling on an outstretched hand, which results in the ulna and radius dislocating a.) anteriorly b.) laterally c.) medially d.) posteriorly
d.) posteriorly
McBurney point is associated with a.) injuries to the kidney b.) injuries to the testicles c.) rebound pain with bladder injuries d.) rebound pain with appendicitis
d.) rebound pain with appendicitis
A loss of cerebrospinal fluid around the spinal cord because of deformation of the spinal cord or a narrowing of the neural canal is called a.) spina bifida b.) Scheuermann disease c.) spinal occlusion d.) spinal stenosis
d.) spinal stenosis
football lineman who consistently block with their arms may develop an ectopic formation directly on the distal humerus commonly called a.) blocker's contusion b.) blocker's myositis c.) myositis ossificans d.) tackler's exostosis
d.) tackler's exostosis
a physician has prescribed superficial thermotherapy for an individual who has sustained a quadriceps strain. Which of the following should the athletic trainer use according to the prescription? a.) Paraffin bath b.) phonophoresis c.) ultrasound d.) thermohydrotherapy
d.) thermohydrotherapy
an individual reports numbness in the side of the neck, which extends across the shoulder and down the medial arm to the ulnar aspect of the hand, accompanied by weakness in grasp and atrophy of hand musculature. What injury should be suspected? a.) rotator cuff tear b.) cervical plexus injury c.) acromoclavicular separation d.) thoracic outlet syndrome
d.) thoracic outlet syndrome
edema and hemorrhaging occur as the result of injury to a body part. Which of the following might not be used to control those effects of the trauma? a.) electrical muscle stimulation b.) cryotherapy c.) intermittent compression d.) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
d.) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
the muscle responsible for compression of the abdominal contents and aiding in forced expiration is the a.) external oblique b.) internal oblique c.) rectus abdominis d.) transverse abdominis
d.) transverse abdominis
during ultrasound applications, the total area covered should be a.) hall the size of the ultrasound transducer head for every 10 minutes of exposure b.) the size of the ultrasound transducer head for every 5 minutes of exposure c.) one to two times the size of the ultrasound transducer head for every 5 minutes of exposure d.) two to three times the size of the ultrasound transducer head for every 5 minutes of exposure
d.) two to three times the size of the ultrasound transducer head for every 5 minutes of exposure
If an athlete complains of burning and tingling or paresthesia to the fourth and fifth fingers, what structure may be damaged? a.) flexor digiti minimi b.) interosseous muscles c.) median nerve d.) ulnar nerve
d.) ulnar nerve
a complication from a forearm fracture that can lead to ischemic necrosis of the forearm muscles is called a.) forearm splines b.) little league elbow c.) nightstick fracture d.) volkmann contracture
d.) volkmann contracture
which of the following signs and symptoms is not related to neurological deficits or damage? a.) radiating pain b.) loss of bladder control c.) referred pain d.) weakness in myotomes
d.) weakness in myotomes
extruded disc
eccentric nucleus moves into
action of C7
elbow extension, wrist extension
action of C6
elbow flexion, wrist flexion
lordosis
excessive lumbar curvature
kyphosis
excessive thoracic curve
action of T1
finger abduction, adduction
definition hypoxia
having a reduced concentration of oxygen
cervical compression
indicated nerve root injury
cervical distraction
indicates soft tissue injury
Scoliosis
lateral rotational curve
Auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
During the gastrointestinal examination, it is particularly important to palpate for organomegaly in individuals who participate in contact sports to determine if there is inflammation of the: 1. kidneys 2. liver 3. bladder 4. spleen
liver and spleen
hepatitis
liver infection caused by viral
action of C3
neck lateral flexion
definition efferent nerves
nerves carrying motor stimuli from the brain to the muscles
definition afferent nerves
nerves carrying sensory input from receptor to the brain
celiac plexus
nerves that innervate abdominals
prolapsed disc
nucleus moves into fibers of the annulus fibrosus
contralateral
pain on the opposite side
ipsilateral
pain on the same side
definition of battery
physical contact with an individual without consent
definition phagocytosis
process by which leukocytes ingest dead cells and infectious agents
action of C4
shoulder elevation
peristalisis
smooth muscle contractions of the intestinal wall
definition nocioreceptiors
specialized nerve endings that transduce pain
definition ecchymosis
superficial tissue discoloration
atria
superior heart chambers
alveoli
terminal air sacs of the bronchi
action of C8
thumb extension, ulnar deviation
definition implied warranty
unwritten guarantee that a product is safe when used properly
definition expressed warranty
written guarantee that a product is safe when used properly
