advent of oil paint and canvas
What was tempera made of?
Finely ground pigments mixed in diluted egg yolk.
How long has canvas been the most popular support for paintings?
For the past four hundred years.
What is an example of a painting rendered in egg tempera?
Fra Filippo Lippi's Annunciation.
Why did artists in Venice prefer canvas supports?
Fresco and wood panels couldn't survive in the humid climate.
What is canvas primed with?
Gesso, a paint binder.
Why was canvas introduced as an alternative to wood?
It was more affordable and portable.
What is the most commonly used oil in oil paint?
Linseed oil.
What are the advantages of oil paint over egg tempera?
Oil paint allows for easier blending of tones and colors, and layering of opaque pigment layers.
What did the adoption of oil paint by European painters lead to?
Oil paint almost completely replaced egg tempera in European painting studios.
What is the significance of oil paint in the advancement of realism in painting?
Oil paint solidified the drive toward the illusion of reality.
What revolutionized artists' materials in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
Oil paint's textural variation.
What were the advantages of tempera?
Produced high-key color surfaces, but blending tones and achieving three-dimensional effects was difficult.
What are the advantages of using canvas as a support?
Smoother surface, durability, portability, and lower price point.
What did medieval artists use oil-based paints for?
Special purposes, such as painting on metal.
What is the main difference between tempera and oil paint?
Tempera dries quickly and produces high-key color surfaces, while oil paint allows for blending and layering.
What was the basic medium of panel painting in the medieval period?
Tempera.
What is an example of a painting rendered in oil on wood panel?
The Merode Altarpiece.
How did artists working in oil suspend the pigments?
They suspended the pigments in linseed oil.
How is canvas stretched?
Tightly across a wooden frame.
What is the purpose of priming canvas?
To create a suitable surface for painting.
What advantages does oil paint offer to artists?
Unmatched degrees of facility to fuse tones and colors, and the ability to achieve crisp lines and intense colors.
What were painters working on before canvas?
Walls or solid wood supports.
When did oil paint start to be used for panel pictures in Flanders?
When painters like Jan van Eyck and Robert Campin began to exploit the medium.
What is gesso?
A paint binder used to prime canvas.
What is fresco?
A painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster.
What is canvas made of?
A strong, tightly woven fabric.
What were the limitations of tempera?
Blending tones and achieving three-dimensional effects was difficult.
When did canvas become the preferred support for painters in Europe?
By the middle of the sixteenth century.
What was a huge advance for painters?
Canvas as a support.
What replaced wood panels as the preferred support for painters?
Canvas.
What is linearity in forms?
Creating objects that appear transparent or translucent.
What did oil paint allow artists to achieve?
Crisp lines, intense colors, and the layering of opaque pigment layers.
What was the binding agent in tempera?
Diluted egg yolk.
Where did the adoption of oil paint by Europeans begin?
Early Netherlandish
