AES - Unit 3

What 2 forms of identification do you use to ensure the medication is given to the right patient?

- Name - Birthday

Factors that may affect dosage

- Weight (typical adult dose around 150lbs) - Age (typical adult dose between 20-60 years) - The presence of kidney disease - The presence of more than one disease - The severity of a disease - A patient's medical history and allergies - A patient who is pregnant or breastfeeding

Prescription drugs require

- trade name - generic name - NDC (National Drug Code)

You should do what before administering medication to a patients?

-Check the patient's drug allergies -Read the physician's medication order -Read the medication label

6 "Rights" of Drug Administration

1) Right patients 2) Right Drug 3) Right Dose 4) Right Route 5) Right Time 6) Right Documentation

What size/gauge needle (range) is used for intramuscular injections?

1-3" and 20-23G

At what angle are intradermal injections given?

10-15 degree angle

At what angle is a subcutaneous injection given?

45 degrees

At what angle should a intramuscular injection be given?

90 degrees

An expiration date but be printed on (Over the counter/Prescribed) medication labels

Both

Why should diabetics rotate the site of insulin injection?

Damaged skin inhibits insulin absorption

Intramuscular Injection sites

Each site has special positions and shuld be treated with caution -Deltoid: For a deltoid administration, patient can remain seated. -Gluteus medius: These patients should lie in the prone position or lean over the exam table. -Vastus lateralis: These patients should lie in the horizontal recumbent position.

What is the purpose of aspiration in administering an injection?

Ensures that the needle is not in a blood vessel

T/F Medical assistants can administer IV's.

False

T/F You should massage the area after using the Z-track method of injection

False

T/F It is best to tell an anxious patient that the injection you are about to administer will be painless

False; you should be honest about the pinch

What should you do if you need to administer an injection to a fidgety two-year-old?

Get assistance holding the child still

Why must a needle never be recapped after use?

High risk of accidental needlestick

Where should oral medications be prepared?

In the room where the medication is stored

Why must a filter needle be used when withdrawing medication from an ampule?

It will prevent glass from being drawn into the syringe

What are two of the most common IV equipment complications?

Loose and kinked tubing

After administering a medication, what should you do as an MA?

Monitor the patient for adverse reactions

On a syringe, what is the name of the plastic rod that is used to draw and push out medication?

Plunger

A patients should be places in what position when entering a rectal suppository?

Sim's (In this position, the patient lies on the side with the top leg bent sharply in front of the bottom leg)

How can an air bubble be expelled from a syringe?

Tap barrel and push plunger to release

How should topical medications be administered?

Topical drugs should be administered to the patient with a sterile tongue depressor or cotton swab. Medication should be applied with GENTLE STROKES to avoid irritating the affected area.

T/F The higher the gauge, the smaller the diameter

True

T/F The site of an intramuscular injection should be massaged and aspirated

True

T/F: You should never let prepared medications out of your sight

True

When can water be offered after the administration of oral medications?

Water should be offered as long as it does not interfere with the drug effects.

When applying transdermal patches, the MA should do what to avoid medication reaching their skin-

Wear gloves

Intravenous (IV) injections

administered directly into a vein

Intradermal (ID) injections

administered into the dermal layer of the skin

Intramuscular (IM) injections

administered into the muscular tissue below the skin.

Subcutaneous (SC) injections

administered just below the dermal layer of skin.

Intradermal injection sites

anterior forearm and middle of the back, where the skin is thin

MA's do monitor vital signs of patients connected to an IV, including-

blood pressure and respirations

barrel of a syringe

cylinder marked with measurement calibrations and holds the medication

Subcutaneous Injection sites

deltoid area of the arms, either side of the umbilicus, the mid- and lower-back, or the thigh

What size/gauge needle (range) is use for subcutaneous injections?

length is 1/2" to 5/8", with a gauge of 23 to 27 gauge

What size/gauge needle (range) is used for intradermal injections?

length is 3/8'' or 5/8'' of a 26 or 27 gauge

flange of a syringe

rim used for guiding the needle

The higher the gauge number on the needle the _____ the diameter

smaller

Z-track method

subcutaneous tissue is held to the side during administration. The tissue is released after the needle is removed and the shifting tissue blocks the medication from leaking out of the muscle. Z-track administrations are not massaged.

Hub of a needle

the element that attaches the needle to the syringe

Bevel of a needle

the flat, slanted end of the needle

plunger of a syringe

the plastic rod with a rubber stopper that fits inside the barrel

tip of a syringe

the point where the needle is attached to the syringe

Intravenous injections

use a syringe and needle set to administer a small amount of medication directly into a vein

intravenous line

used to administer a large amount of fluid or medication over a long period of time, drop by drop.