AFRAS 170B Final Part 4
Who was Andrew 'Rube' Foster?
A black pitcher during 1910, the man behind the formation of the Negro National league, founder of the Chicago American Giants
Where did the term Jim Crow come from?
A white minstrel show popular at the time which ridiculed black people
Who organized the March on Washington?
A. Philip Randolph
What point did DuBois and Ralph Bunche agree on regarding Africa?
Africa nations should be free from colonial control
What were the Freedom Rides?
An interracial attempt by students to ride public transportation through the South
Why did King begin plans for the Poor People's Campaign in 1967?
Because he realized racial discrimination and economics were closely linked
Why was the Pullman Company an early area for Black labor organizing?
By the 1920s, it was the largest employer for AA
How did Orville Faubus react to the Brown decision?
He tried to keep blacks from attending the local high school by posting the National Guard there, and closing the schools down
Executive Order 8802
In 1941 FDR passed it which prohibited discriminatory employment practices by fed agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war related work. It established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to enforce the new policy.
What did the Executive Order 9981 do?
It officially desegregated the armed forces
What provoked whites in Money, Mississippi to lynch Emmett Till?
It was a breach of social etiquette; the young boy spoke to a white woman
What was the March on Washington Movement designed to do and what was its result?
It was designed to stop discrimination against African Americans in wartime industries and the military and the result was Roosevelt issuing Executive Order 8802
What dramatic events set the stage for larger changes in the Civil Rights Movement?
Kennedy's assassination and the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham
What party did the Freedom Summer Activists create to challenge the all white Mississippi Party?
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
What did Mabel K. Staupers fight against during the war?
Quotas for black nurses in the US Army Nurse Corps
Who did many African Americans initially support in the election of 1960?
Richard Nixon
What was the first college campus to experience a massacre at the hands of law enforcement personnel?
South Carolina State College
What group did MLK Jr. form to continue the civil rights struggle beginning with the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Southern Christian leadership council
Who was the first black nationalist to advocated black power?
Stokely Carmichael/Kwame Ture
T/F: Those who served in WWII were more likely to be high school or college graduates.
T
What did authors like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston think the purpose of black literature should be?
That art should portray ordinary life and the good and bad side of African Americans
What successes did the NAACP see during the war?
The NAACP grew tremendously in membership and influence, even in the South
What was the result of the Freedom Rides?
The remaining students who persevered through AL were promptly arrested in Mississippi
What roles or jobs did African Americans generally have in radio?
They had very few radio unions excluded them and shows generally demeaned or marginalized African Americans
What was the reaction of many white Southerners to Truman's interest in African American rights?
They left the Democratic Party to form the Dixiecrat Party
How did railroad companies feel about segregation?
They opposed the idea because they didn't want to have the added expenses of maintaining separate cars
How did the US gov't punish Robeson for his views?
They revoked his passport and refused to allow him to travel abroad
Why did the SCLC object to the tactics and methods of SNCC?
They thought SNCC was too confrontational and disrupted race relations
What did the Nation of Islam and the Peace Mission Movement have in common?
They were both religions that emerged to deal with the problems and aspirations of black in urban areas during the depression
What role did white women like Amy Spingarn and Charlotte Osgood Mason play in the Harlem Renaissance?
They were patrons helping fund writers works but they also tried to direct their efforts
What did the 1925 American War College study find about African Americans?
They were physically unfit for combat, they were inferior in intelligence to whites, and they could not control themselves in danger
How was Booker T.Washington's message received by whites?
Whites embraces his non-threatening acceptance of white superiority and many supported him financially
What group was pivotal in early organizing and protest against the segregated buses in Montgomery?
Women's Political Council
What was the Double V campaign?
a slogan adopted by African Americans to work for victory in the war and victory over racism at home
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
an outpouring of literacy and artistic work from African Americans
What isn't true about amateur sports during the 1910s and 1920s?
black players on white teams rarely encountered discrimination from fans of other athletes
What lead to the decline of the Klan?
one Klan leader was convicted of raping a white woman when their job supposedly is to protect them
What act of violence was the immediate cause of Johnson pushing through the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
the murder of James Reeb, a white minister from Boston, who was visiting AL
Why was Birmingham selected as the location for a major civil rights initiative in early 1963?
the police department was especially brutal and violent
How did bomber groups respond to the Tuskegee Airmen?
they refused to allow the black airman to escort white bombers
What did authors like Jesse Fauset and DuBois think the purpose of black literature should be?
to promote positive images of African Americans and help resolve racial conflicts
In what direction did DuBois think the NAACP should focus on after WWII?
towards winning independence for African American nations and abolishing colonialism