African Kingdoms/Slave Trade/Imperialism

Two reasons Africans were the ideal slave for Europeans?

Immune to European diseases Did not know the land in the Americas so they couldn't run away Had experience farming/mining Used to warmer climates

Mansa Musa

In 1300 Mansa Musa became the King of ancient Mali. He helped spread the Islamic religion. He was the great nephew of King Sundiata of Mali. He controlled trade, spread Islam and made Timbuktu the center of education. Mansa means king.

A Muslim person believes in?

The religion of Islam

What affects did Europe have on the slave trade?

The transatlantic trade existed from the 1500s to the mid 1800s. Slavery started before the Europeans when Muslims captured and sold west Africans in north Africa and southwest Africa. Europeans made slavery into a business. They enslaved the Africans because they didn't have to pay them or do work themselves.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade across the Sahara Desert

What part of Africa were slaves mostly taken from and why?

West Africa - closer to the American colonies

How did slave trade turn African communities against each other?

African empires started slave raids to capture people to sell into slavery to Europeans.

Main cultural trade center of Mali

Timbuktu

berlin conference

to settle their (as in europeans) disputes about colonial claims in Africa. African lands were split amongst the Europeans in 1884

Where did Mansa Musa stop and hand out gold to the poor?

Cairo, Egypt

imperialism

Spreading influence to another region.

West African Kingdoms' conversion to Islam and how Islam was spread.

Arab traders came to Africa to spread their religion then Mansa Musa built religious places to practice Islam.

What goods did Europeans send to Africa in exchange for slaves?

Cheap weapons Textiles (cloth) Alcohol

Goods from the America's to Europe?

Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar

Colonialism

Direct control of natural resources in a region

Triangular trade = never ending cycle. Why?

Each continent need a product to create their own products. Americans needed slaves to grow cotton. Europe needed cotton to make textiles, so Europeans needed the Americas to have slaves.

European colonization of Africa and its effects

Europe colonized Africa (after the slave trade) to use the natural resources and spread influence. This was not good for Africans because the Europeans didn't give them any say about what land they took. They also thought they were civilizing Africans. Europeans thought their ways were best.

Why did the slave trade end?

European countries like England declared the slave trade illegal in the early 1800s

capital city of Songhai

Gao

What major idea was brought to West Africa and how?

Islam - Arab traders stayed in West African trade cities and shared ideas about religion.

One way Mansa Musa promoted Islam in West Africa

Mansa Musa built universities that taught people to read and write as well as the ideas of Islam

Where was Mansa Musa going on his pilgrimage?

Mecca in Saudi Arabia

Location of ancient African empires

Niger River

Three locations of the Americas?

North America South America West Indies (Caribbean)

Ethnic group

People who share a common language, religion and cultural traditions.

Which country first to take slaves from Africa

Portugal

What effects did the slave trade have on African communities and cultures?

Slavery changed African culture, language and religions. While enslaved they were all together and not separated by the language they spoke. Because of this they could learn each other's languages. They terrible conditions - not enough food and water and were treated poorly. About 2 million died of malnutrition and disease. Most slaves were male and were supposed to be leaders in their tribe. Africa lost some of their most capable people. This changed cultures, destroyed communities and tore apart families.

Reasons Europeans wanted to colonize Africa

Spread Christianity Control natural resources Civilize Africa cultures

pilgrimage

a journey to a sacred place

sub saharan trade

extended from african kingdoms in west sub saharan to europe. they traded gold, salt, spices, ivory, kola, nuts textiles and slaves.

ancient ghana

ghana started - 700 ghana ended - 1235 ghana resources - gold, Kola nuts Ancient Ghana became powerful in 830 CE - and the first ruler was Dinga Cisse. The capital of Ghana Kumbi Saleh. Natural resources - gold, Kola nuts, salt Ghana lost power to King Sundiata in 1235

Products traded in the trans-Saharan trade

gold and salt

ancient mali

mali started - 1230 mali ended - 1600 mali resources - gold, salt, copper mali controlled the gold and salt trade Mali became powerful in 1230 and the first ruler was Sundiata. Capital is Niani. Mali lost power to Gao and Tuareg 1600.

Where did Islam come from?

middle east and north Africa

songhai

songhai started - 1335 songhai ended - 1591 slaves were sold to them songhai practiced the islamic religion became powerful in the 15th century - first ruler was Sonni Ali the Great. The capital of Songhai was Gao. Natural resources - gold and Kola nuts. Lost power to Morocco in 1591

middle passage

the journey to the caribean (west indies) that held millions of enslaved africans. The voyage from Africa to the Americas in the triangular trade that brought slaves to the Americas - it was a terrible voyage for the slaves and many died from diseases and malnutrition. This trip across the Atlantic ocean could take several months.