AGR 355 Final - Midterm Q's

Generally, maternal behavior is influenced by three factors. Name them.

1. Hereditary 2. Experiential 3. Hormonal

With olfaction, pheromones play an active role in the animal's behavior. To help identify pheromones, animals will aspirate urine in their nose and bring it to the [blank1] organ. The [blank2] response can aid in bringing urine to the nasal cavity.

1. Vomeronasal 2. Flehmen

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals. Horses Dogs Sheep Goats Cattle Swine Cats A. Separate groups for males and females B. Groups of females that are flexible from solitary to matrilineal C. Groups of females with one or several males D. Groups of females and solitary male

Horses - C Dogs - C Sheep - A Goats - A Cattle - D Swine - D Cats - B

Match the vocal noises of a horse to the correct description. Neigh Nicker Snort Squeal Roar A. May be used by an estrus mare when a stallion is close B. Greeting or separation call C. Alarm call D. High-amplitude call of the stallion toward a mare E. Low-volume call which may elicit care

Neigh - B Nicker - E Snort - C Squeal - A Roar - D

Put the following sexes of pigs in order from most aggressive to least aggressive. 1. Sow 2. Barrow 3. Boar

1. Boar 2. Sow 3. Barrow

Match the descriptions of a dog's posture to the correct behavioral response (mood): 1. Tail between legs and ears flat 2. Laying down with hind leg lifted showing belly 3. Tail and ears down, body leaning away A. Submissive B. Fear-biting C. Fearful

1 - Fearful 2 - Submissive 3. Fear-biting

In ewes, silent heat normally occurs in their first ovulation of [blank1]. In does, silent heat normally occurs in the first ovulation of the [blank2].

1 - life 2 - season

[Blank1] is the term for the lead animal within a group, whereas, the [blank2] is the second-ranked animal.

1. Alpha 2. Beta

At a distance, ewes will use sight and [blank1] to locate their lambs. The bond of a lamb to their dam is stimulated through the ingestion of [blank2].

1. Audition 2. Colostrum

In mares, the [blank1] level in milk will increase as foaling approaches. Body temperature will be [blank2] one day prior to parturition.

1. Calcium 2. Lower

List four normal courtship behaviors of a queen in heat.

1. Calling and purring 2. Restlessness 3. Darting 4. Affectionate to owners 5. Frequent urination 6. Rubbing of head and flanks on furniture 7. Postures 8. Rolling, squirming, and stretching 9. Immobile stance 10. Allows mounting 11. Tail is deviated

Maternal behavior in swine consists of three main factors. [Blank1] involves low cortisol response to minor stressors. [Blank2] is the response to piglet squeals and to human approach to piglets. [Blank3] activity is the third main factor.

1. Calmness 2. Protectiveness 3. Nursing

What are the three cardinal signs of impending parturition in bitches?

1. Drop in body temperature 2. Restlessness 3. Inappetence

You have taken your dog to the dog park, when you suddenly notice a dog running toward your direction. What cues do you look for to determine if the dog is friendly or aggressive? List three.

1. Ears 2. Mouth 3. Facial expression 4. Tail 5. Hair on shoulders and rump 6. Body position

[Blank1] is defined as the presence of neonates causing maternal behavior in virgin females and males. This phenomenon can be used to help accept alien young and is generally used in sheep and [blank2].

1. Concaveation 2. Horse

The [blank1] form of aggression is most likely due to neophobia, whereas, [blank2] form of aggression often occurs when a human aids an injured animal.

1. Fear-induced 2. Pain-induced

The brain is inherently [blank1]. In utero, the presence of [blank2] will defeminize the brain and will determine the external genitalia.

1. Female 2. Androgen

Hider species include cattle and [blank1]. Follower species include [blank2] and sheep.

1. Goat 2. Horse

What are the six factors that alter male and female sexual behavior in animals?

1. Genetic sex of the animal 2. Perinatal organizational action of hormones 3. Past social and sexual experience 4. Adult activational action of hormone and anatomical status 5. Attractiveness of the potential mate 6. External environment

What are three predisposing factors for vices in horses? Why do you believe each of these factors leads to vices?

1. Lack of variety in hay - poor variety leads to boredom 2. Non-straw shavings - horses don't prefer to nib on shavings 3. Three meals/day - horses are grazers and need to eat throughout the day 4. Only a few horses in close proximity - no social interaction

Non-[blank1] suckling is a common problem in calves that are raised artificially in groups. This form of suckling will normally occur [blank2] a milk meal from a bucket.

1. Nutritional 2. After

A hungry cat will exhibit [blank1] predation compared to a full, fed cat. Domestic, owned cats will kill their prey [blank2] compared to feral cats.

1. More 2. Less

What are the two most common behavioral problems related to sexual behavior?

1. Poor libido in breeding males 2. Unwanted sexual behavior in castrated males

What three factors determine dominance in goats?

1. Presence or absence of horns 2. Size 3. Age

The presence of the male which aids in bringing the female into heat is termed as the [blank1] effect. This effect occurs due to [blank2] which is secreted by the male.

1. Ram 2. Pheromone

Sleep in domestic animals is classified generally two ways. The first way, [blank1] is also known as quiet sleep; the second way, [blank2] is the sleep where we believe animals may dream.

1. SWS 2. REM

In mares, what are three common sexual problems? Choose one and describe why you believe that it is problematic.

1. Silent heat 2. Psychic heat 3. Excessive sexual behavior 4. Split or prolonged estrus 5. Anestrus

There are three forms of foal rejection in horses: method 1 - is the rejection of [blank1], the second is [blank2] of the foal, and the third (will often occur again and again) is [blank3] the foal.

1. Suckling 2. Fear 3. Attacking

In [blank1], teat order is critical in determining their social ranks. After the [blank2] day of nursing, the same teat is nursed by the same pig 90% of the time.

1. Swine/pig 2. 6th/6

In swine, there are four phases of suckling bouts. The first phase involves the initial massage of the udder. The second phase is a quiet phase, the third is the [blank1] suckling phase, and the last phase is the final massage which stimulates the release of [blank2].

1. True 2. Prolactin

Dominance/social rank will affect the frequency and duration of suckling in horses. A. True B. False

A

In sheep, dominance is not related to body weight. A. True B. False

A

In swine, the presence of blood will increase tail biting. A. True B. False

A

Mares and geldings can exhibit the flehmen's response when smelling urine. A. True B. False

A

Presence of the boar will accelerate puberty in gilts. A. True B. False

A

Smaller litters of piglets will nurse less frequently than large litters. A. True B. False

A

Spayed females are more aggressive than intact females. A. True B. False

A

The feline nursing period is divided into three stages. A. True B. False

A

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? A. Dogs prefer to have a companion than be alone B. Females are more dominant than males C. Most aggression occurs over water D. Dogs are the primary predator of sheep in the Western U.S.

A. Dogs prefer to have a companion than be alone

What is the most aggressive type of behavior in horses? A. Kicking B. Biting C. Circling D. Running

A. Kicking

Testosterone, naturally occurring in the body or given exogenously can result in aggressive behavior in an animal. A. True B. False

A. True

What is most important means of communication in pigs? A. Vocalizations B. Olfactory C. Posture

A. Vocalizations

Which of the following is NOT true regarding dominant sows? A. Will give birth to larger piglets B. Have female piglets that are more dominant C. Have piglets that are more active and vocal D. Give birth to more male piglets

A. Will give birth to larger piglets

A bull mounting another bull is exhibiting homosexuality. A. True B. False

B

An animal with a sociability index of less than 1.0 is considered to be highly sociable. A. True B. False

B

Bitches will not use the nest box provided by their humans. A. True B. False

B

Fear is the most common reason for aggression in horses. A. True B. False

B

Higher levels of hormones will improve low libido. A. True B. False

B

When moving in groups, dominant cows will lead the pack. A. True B. False

B

Litter-bearing animals are less likely to accept foster animals compared to animals with singleton or twin births. A. True B. False

B

Livestock producers should eliminate all aggressive behavior. A. True B. False

B

Maternal protectiveness of cows will decrease with parity. A. True B. False

B

Non-nutritive suckling is only seen in calves. A. True B. False

B

Nursing is more frequent in hider species. A. True B. False

B

Poor management of male animals will not reduce libido. A. True B. False

B

Reintroduction of an animal into the same group where they originated will result in no aggression. A. True B. False

B

Social isolation in dogs will not cause abnormal sexual behaviors. A. True B. False

B

Sows will primarily use sight to recognize their own offspring. A. True B. False

B

During which of the following times will cattle spend the most time? A.Paradoxical sleep B. Drowsiness C. Slow wave sleep D. Alert wakefulness

B. Drowsiness

What animal experiences heat within 5 to 18 days following parturition? A. Ewe B. Mare C. Queen D. Doe

B. Mare

Which of the following statements are FALSE about pigs? A. Most piglets suckle within 30 minutes of birth B. Multiparious gilts are the most likely to cannibalize C. Sows will rarely lick offspring D. Nursing bouts occur every 45 minutes

B. Multiparious gilts are the most likely to cannibalize

Which of the following litter-bearing animals does not have a teat order? A. Kittens B. Puppies C. Piglets

B. Puppies

Match dog vocalizations to the correct description. Bark Whine Howl Growl A. Territorial call B. Elicits care C. Could be due to isolation or stimuli D. Aggressive call

Bark - A Whine - B Howl - C Growl - D

Which of the following species will spend 25% of their lifetime sleeping? A. Dogs B. Cats C. Cattle D. Horses

C. Cattle

Which of the following animals has the longest duration ejaculation? A. Stallion B. Bull C. Boar D. Buck

C. Boar

In which animal does the the male bite and hold the female's neck during the courtship process? A. Dog B. Buck C. Cat D. Stallion

C. Cat

What attribute of the horse is their best indicator of their emotions? A. Legs B. Eyes C. Ears D. Mouth

C. Ears

In what species does the male NOT exhibit the flehmen's response? A. Sheep B. Equine C. Swine D. Cattle

C. Swine

Which method of communication is most helpful to humans when gauging temperament and health of an animal? A. Auditory B. Olfactory C. Visual

C. Visual

Generally speaking, which of the following is an FALSE statement? A. Male may tend to breed a novel female over another female he has previously bred B. Males may show preference due to physiological factors C. Females may show preference based on past experience D. Attractiveness of a mate will drive sexual preferences

D. Attractiveness of a mate will drive sexual preferences

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding cats? A. Queens will accept kittens similar in age as their own kittens B. Queens will consume kitten urine and fecal matter for the first several weeks after parturition C. A queen will spend less time with a single kitten litter than a litter with multiple kittens D. Licking is infrequent

D. Licking is infrequent

Which of the following behaviors does NOT occur in a doe in heat? A. Tail wagging B. Urination C. Mounting other females D. Smell the buck's genitals

D. Smell the buck's genitals

Which of the following behaviors is NOT observed in a receptive mare in response to a teaser? A. Frequent urination B. Ears will be turned backward but not flattened C. Winking D. Squeal

D. Squeal

Which of the vocalizations of the pig will indicate arousal? A. Scream B. Grunt C. Bark D. Squeal

D. Squeal

When sheep are in the presence of humans, they will do what more frequently? A. Snort B. Jump C. Defecate D. Urinate

D. Urinate

Compare how maternal behavior is different between a free-range sow, a group-housed sow, and a confined sow.

Free-range sows will have both nest site seeking and nest building behaviors as they are not limited in space. Group-housed sows will not have nest site seeking behavior but will attempt to build their nest. Group-housed sows will be much more limited in what materials they have available to build their nest. Confined sows will show very little maternal behavior with the exception of nursing.

Match the rhythm to the correct description. High-frequency Ultradian Infradian Circadian A. Have cycle periods less frequent than 24 hours B. Occur within a 24-hour period C. Occur in periods of less than 30 minutes D. More frequent than 24 hours

High-frequency - C Ultradian - D Infradian - A Circadian - B

Match the vocalization of the cat to the correct description. Hiss Chirp Growl Purr Shriek Chatter A. Noise produced when mouth is open and teeth are exposed. Defensive B. Vocalization given by a mother to her kittens when nursing C. Harsh, low pitched vocalization. Given when encountering a potential threat D. Soft, buzzing vocalization E. Sound used by cats when hunting or when restrained from hunting in confinement F. Loud, harsh, high-pitched sound. Used in aggressive situations or painful procedures

Hiss - A Chirp - B Growl - C Purr - D Shriek - F Chatter - E

Choose an animal (mare, cow, sow, ewe, doe, queen or bitch) and describe two poor maternal behaviors. Describe how you as the owner could alleviate/prevent these behaviors. If you are unable to change the poor behavior of the dam, what is your solution? Be detailed in your answer.

My response (4/4): Bitches may growl at the presence of humans and they could push away a puppy for being different. As an owner, you could try to be more gentle and go slower with the bitch. If a bitch pushes away a puppy you could try to use formula to help keep it fed. If I was unable to change the behavior of the damn due to the aggression, I'd have to figure out a way to separate the dam so that way I would be able to do what is needed to be done.

Classify the area of the cat to whether it is cleaned more frequently or less frequently. Neck Shoulders Front Paws Stomach Rear legs Tail A. More frequently cleaned B. Less frequently cleaned

Neck - A Shoulders - A Front Paws - A Stomach - B Rear legs - B Tail - B

Match the animal to whether they are a spontaneous or an induced breeder. Queen Bitch Mare Sow A. Spontaneous ovulator B. Induced ovulator

Queen - B Bitch - A Mare - A Sow - A

Describe a situation where a male animal would have a negative sexual experience and how that it would affect that his ability to breed or collect again.

Situation could be related to: overt aggression of the mating partner, rough handling by human, or injury that occurs during mating It could prevent the male from breeding again or make him more hesitant.

Match the animal to whether they are a seasonal or non-seasonal breeder. (Females only) Sow Ewe Cow Doe Bitch Queen A. Non-seasonal breeder B. Seasonal breeder

Sow - A Ewe - B Cow - A Doe - B Bitch - A Queen - B

Describe the "Coolidge effect" in your own words. How would a livestock producer use this concept to help improve their herd/flock's reproductive rate

Stimulation of sexual behavior causes by a new female. Example: Collecting semen from male, could use a new female to help increase sexual behavior and increase semen output