AH2 Exam 4

the nurse is teaching a patient about self-care measures to prevent UTIs. Which daily fluid intake does the nurse recommend to the patient to prevent a bladder infection?

2 to 3 L of water.

The nurse is caring for a patient with an indwelling catheter. What intervention does the nurse used to minimize catheter related infections?

Assess the patient daily to determine need for the catheter.

Which dietary changes does the nurse suggest to a patient with urge incontinence?

Avoid alcohol and caffeine.

The patient with chronic kidney disease has consistently weighed 63 kg. at each clinic visit. Patient reports eating "a lot of good, salty food" and drinking "too many beers" during the weekend. Today, the patient weighs 65 kg. How much fluids has the patient retained? A. 1 liter B. 2 liters C. 2 kilograms D. 3 kilograms

B. 2 liters

The emergency department nurse is assessing a healthy young marathon runner who was brought to the hospital for transient syncope and dizziness that occurred after the race. The nurse notes that the patient has low urine output, decreased systolic blood pressure, decreased pulse pressure, orthostatic hypotension, and thirst. Before obtaining orders from the ED provider, which additional assessment is the most important? A. Auscultate lungs for crackles B. Assess gag reflex and ability to swallow C. Palpate peripheral pulses D. Ask about family history of kidney disease

B. Assess gag reflex and ability to swallow

The nurse is caring for a patient who had an open radical prostatectomy. During the assessment, the nurse notes that the penis and scrotum are swollen. What does the nurse do next? A. Notify the health care provider and monitor for any inability to void or increasing pain B. Elevate the scrotum and penis; apply ice intermittently to the area for 24-48 hours C. Assist the patient to increase mobility, especially early ambulation D. Observe the urethral meatus for redness and discharge and monitor urine output

B. Elevate the scrotum and penis; apply ice intermittently to the area for 24-48 hours

If a patient with end-stage kidney disease experiences isothenuria, what must the nurse be alert for? A. Massive diuresis B. Fluid volume overload C. Oliguria D. Alkalosis

B. Fluid volume overload

Which abnormal electrolyte imbalance is most likely to develop in the early phase of chronic kidney disease? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hypokalemia

B. Hyponatremia

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney failure. Which clinical findings should the nurse expect when assessing this client? SATA A. Polyuria B. Lethargy C. Hypotension D. Muscle twitching E. Respiratory acidosis

B. Lethargy D. Muscle twitching

A patient with prerenal azotemia receives a fluid challenge. In evaluating response to the therapy, which outcome indicates that the goal was met? A. Patient reports feeling better and appetite is improved B. Patient produces urine soon after the initial bolus C. The therapy is completed without adverse effects D. The health care provider discharges the patient

B. Patient produces urine soon after the initial bolus

what role does drug therapy have as an intervention for reflex, overflow, urinary incontinence?

Bethanechol Chloride, Urecholine, may be used short term after surgery.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has an indwelling catheter and subsequently developed a UTI. The patient has been receiving antibiotics for several days, but develops hypotension, a rapid pulse, and confusion. The nurse suspects urosepsis and alerts the healthcare provider. Which diagnostic test is the provider most likely to order to confirm urosepsis?

Blood culture.

A patient who has testicular cancer is likely to have which common problem? A. Priapism B. Erectile dysfunction C. Azoospermia D. Cryptoorchidism

C. Azoospermia

A patient with chronic kidney disease has hypertension and the health care provider has tried different medications, combinations, and adjustments of dosages. Which outcome statement indicates that the goal of drug therapy is being met? A. Patient reports compliance with regimen as prescribed B. Patient reports feeling well and having good urine output C. Blood pressure readings are consistently below 135/85 D. Blood pressure readings are never higher than 150/90

C. Blood pressure readings are consistently below 135/85

For a patient with acute kidney injury, the nurse would consider questioning the order for which diagnostic test? A. Kidney biopsy B. Ultrasonography C. Computed tomography with contrast dyes D. Kidney, ureter, bladder x-ray

C. Computed tomography with contrast dyes

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient with prostate cancer. Which laboratory result suggests metastasis to the bone? A. Decreased alpha fetoprotein B. Increased blood urea nitrogen C. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase D. Decreased serum creatinine

C. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase

A patient is diagnosed with renal osteodystrophy. What does the nurse instruct unlicensed assistive personnel to do in relation to this patient's diagnosis? A. Assist the patient with toileting every 2 hours B. Gently wash the patient's skin with a mild soap and rinse well C. Handle the patient gently because of risk for fractures D. Assist the patient with eating because of loss of coordination

C. Handle the patient gently because of risk for fractures

The nurse is teaching a patient who had an open radical prostatectomy about how to manage the common potential long-term complications. What does the nurse teach the patient? A. How to perform testicular self-examination B. How to manage a permanent suprapubic catheter C. How to perform Kegel perineal exercises D. How to use dietary modifications to acidify the urine

C. How to perform Kegel perineal exercises

An older patient reports that he has an enlarged prostate with chronic urinary retention but declines to seek treatment because "it's been that way for a long time." The nurse would encourage a follow-up appointment to prevent which complication of this chronic condition? A. Prostate cancer B. Erectile dysfunction C. Hydronephrosis D. Testicular cancer

C. Hydronephrosis

The health care provider has ordered intraperitoneal heparin for a patient with a new peritoneal dialysis catheter to prevent clotting of the catheter by blood and fibrin formation. What advice does the nurse give the patient? A. Watch for bruising or bleeding from the gums B. Make a follow-up appointment for coagulation studies C. Intraperitoneal heparin does not affect clotting times D. Certain foods can interact with heparin to alter clotting

C. Intraperitoneal heparin does not affect clotting times

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which information about this condition is important for the nurse to consider when caring for the client? A. It is a congenital abnormality B. A malignancy usually results C. It predisposes to hydronephrosis D. An increase in the acid phosphatase level occurs

C. It predisposes to hydronephrosis

The patient has an indwelling catheter in place following a transurethral resection of the prostate. What instructions will the nurse give to the unlicensed assistive personnel regarding the catheter? A. Secure the catheter so there is no tension B. Irrigate the catheter to prevent clotting C. Maintain traction on the catheter D. Defer catheter care until the patient is discharged

C. Maintain traction on the catheter

Which patient is the most likely candidate for continuous venovenous hemofiltration? A. Patient with fluid volume overload B. Patient who needs long-term management C. Patient who is critically ill D. Patient who is ready for discharge

C. Patient who is critically ill

A patient has recently started peritoneal dialysis therapy and reports some mild pain when the dialysate is flowing in. What does the nurse do next? A. Immediately report the pain to the health care provider B. Warm the dialysate in the microwave oven C. Reassure that pain should subside after the first week or two D. Assess the connection tubing for kinking or twisting

C. Reassure that pain should subside after the first week or two

The nurse is monitoring a patient's peritoneal dialysis treatment. The total outflow is slightly less than the inflow. What does the nurse do next? A. Instruct the patient to ambulate B. Notify the health care provider C. Record the difference as intake D. Put the patient on fluid restriction

C. Record the difference as intake

A client with cancer of the prostate requests the urinal at frequent intervals but either does not void or voids in very small amounts. What does the nurse conclude is most likely the causative factor? A. Edema B. Dysuria C. Retention D. Suppression

C. Retention

What type of breath odor is most likely to be noted in a patient with chronic kidney disease? A. Fruity smell B. Fecal smell C. Smells like urine D. Smells like blood

C. Smells like urine

The patient had a diagnostic imaging test with contrast media. IV fluids were ordered before and after the procedure to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy. Which outcome statement indicates that the goal of giving IV therapy has been met? A. Lung sounds are clear and there are no signs/symptoms of fluid overload B. Patient does not show signs/symptoms of contrast-induced immune response C. Urine output is 150 mL/hr for the first 6 hours after use of contrast agent D. Urine is 0.5 ml/kg/hour for 6 hours and patient remains euvolemic

C. Urine output is 150 mL/hr for the first 6 hours after use of contrast agent

The nurse is teaching a woman how to prevent UTIs. What information does the nurse include?

Clean the perineal area from front to back.

Which nursing action can best prevent infection from a urinary retention catheter? A. Cleansing the perineum B. Encouraging adequate fluid intake C. Irrigating the catheter once daily D. Cleansing around the meatus routinely

D. Cleansing around the meatus routinely

A client is admitted to the hospital with a tentative diagnosis of urinary retention related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. There is a secondary diagnosis of delirium related to urosepsis. The health care provider prescribes the insertion of an indwelling urinary retention catheter. What nursing action is most important for the client's safety? A. Secure an order for wrist restraints B. Orient the client to time, place, and person C. Involve family members in the client's care D. Determine if any unsafe behavior patterns exist

D. Determine if any unsafe behavior patterns exist

A patient has been diagnosed with acute kidney injury, but the cause is uncertain. The nurse prepares patient educational material about which diagnostic test? A. Flat plate of abdomen B. Renal ultrasonography C. Computed tomography D. Kidney biopsy

D. Kidney biopsy

The day after a radical prostatectomy, a client has blood clots in the urinary catheter and reports bladder spasms. The client says that his right calf is sore and that he feels short of breath. Which action will the nurse take first? A. Irrigate the catheter with 50 mL of sterile saline B. Administer oxybutynin 5 mg orally C. Apply warm packs to the right calf D. Measure oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry

D. Measure oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry

The nurse is caring for a patient who developed acute prerenal kidney injury secondary to severe and extensive burn injuries. What is the primary concept that underlies the etiology of acute kidney injury? A. Elimination B. Tissue integrity C. Immunity D. Perfusion

D. Perfusion

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cancer of the prostate. Which serum level should the nurse teach the client to have monitored to follow the course of the disease? A. Serum creatinine B. Blood urea nitrogen C. Nonprotein nitrogen D. Prostate-specific antigen

D. Prostate-specific antigen

A patient is receiving internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) and has had a low-dose radiation seed implanted directly into the prostate gland. What nursing implication is related to this therapy? A. Ensure that any staff member or visitor who is pregnant is not exposed to the patient B. Organize the nursing care so that exposure to the patient is limited to a few minutes C. Instruct all staff that all urine specimens should be immediately discarded D. Teach the patient that fatigue is common but should pass after several months

D. Teach the patient that fatigue is common but should pass after several months

The nurse obtains the following assessment data about a client who has had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has continuous bladder irrigation. Which finding indicates the most immediate need for nursing intervention? A. The client states he feels a continuous urge to void B. The catheter drainage is light pink with occasional clots C. The catheter is tape to the client's thigh D. The client reports painful bladder spasms

D. The client reports painful bladder spasms

The advanced-practice nurse is preparing to examine a patient's prostate gland. Before the exam, what does the nurse tell the patient? A. He may feel the urge to defecate or faint as the prostate is palpated B. He should lie supine with knees bent in a fully flexed position C. The examination is very painful, but it only lasts a few seconds D. The gland will be massaged to obtain a fluid sample for possible prostatitis

D. The gland will be massaged to obtain a fluid sample for possible prostatitis

The nurse is assessing the skin of a patient with end-stage kidney disease. Which clinical manifestation is considered a sign of very late, premorbid, advanced uremic syndrome? A. Ecchymoses B. Sallowness C. Pallor D. Uremic frost

D. Uremic frost

A patient comes to the clinic and reports severe flank pain, bladder distention, and nausea and vomiting with increasingly smaller amounts of urine with frank blood. The patient states," I have kidney stones and they just need a prescription for pain medication.." What is the nurse's priority concern?

Determining if there is an obstruction.

A patient is diagnosed with a urethral stricture. The nurse prepares the patient for which temporary treatment?

Dilation of the urethra.

The nurse is counseling a patient with recurrent symptomatic UTIs about dietary therapy. What information does the nurse give to the patient?

Drink 50 mL of concentrated cranberry juice every day.

The urine output of a patient with a kidney stone has decreased from 40 mL per hour to 5 mL per hour. What is the nurse's priority action?

Ensure IV access and notify the healthcare provider.

A patient is diagnosed with a fungal UTI. Which drug does the nurse anticipate the patient will be treated with?

Fluconazole-Diflucan.

An older adult patient with a cognitive impairment is living in an extended care facility. The patient is incontinent, but as the family points out, "he will urinate in the toilet if somebody helps him." Which type of incontinence does the nurse suspect in this patient?

Functional.

The nurse is teaching a man about how to prevent UTIs. What information does the nurse include?

Gently wash the genital area before intercourse.

A patient's recurrent cystitis appears to be related to sexual intercourse. The patient seems uncomfortable talking about the situation. What communication technique does the nurse use to assist the patient?

Have a frank and sensitive discussion with the patient.

A young female patient reports experiencing burning with urination what question does the nurse ask to differentiate between a vaginal infection and a urinary infection?

Have you noticed any vaginal discharge?

The nursing student sees an order for a urinalysis for a patient with frequency, urgency, and dysuria. In order to collect the specimen, what does the student do?

Instruct the patient on how to collect a clean catch specimen.

a patient has had surgery for bladder cancer. To prevent recurrence of superficial bladder cancer, the nurse anticipates that the healthcare provider is likely to recommend which treatment?

Intravesical installation of bacille Calmette-Guerin.

The patient is considering vaginal cone therapy, but is a little hesitant because she does not understand how it works. What does the nurse tell her about how vaginal cone therapy improves incontinence?

It strengthens pelvic floor muscles.

A patient has had a bladder suspension and a suprapubic catheter is in place. The patient wants to know how long the catheter will remain in place. What is the nurse's best response?

It will be removed when you can void and residual urine is less than 50 mL.

The healthcare provider verbally informs the nurse that the patient needs a fluorolquinolone antibiotic to treat a UTI. The pharmacy delivers gabapentin, Neurontin. what should the nurse do first?

Look at the written order to clarify the name of the medication.

The nurse is caring for a patient with urolithiasis. which medication is likely to be given in the acute phase to relieve the patient's severe pain?

Morphine sulfate, Astramorph.

A patient is diagnosed with urethral stricture. What findings does the nurse expect to see documented in the patient's chart for this condition?

Overflow incontinence.

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient with urinary incontinence. The patient is alert and oriented, but refuses to use the call Bell and has fallen several times while trying to get to the bathroom. What is the nurse's priority concern for this patient?

Providing fall prevention measures.

a patient returns to the medical surgical unit after having shockwave lithotripsy. What is an appropriate nursing intervention for the post procedural care of this patient?

Strain urine to monitor the passage of stone fragments.

A patient reports the loss of small amounts of urine during coughing, sneezing, jogging, or lifting. Which type of incontinence do these symptoms describe?

Stress.

A patient has been performing Kegel exercises for two months. How does the nurse know whether the exercises are working?

The patient is able to stop the urinary stream.

The employee health nurse is conducting a presentation for employees who work in a paint manufacturing plant. In order to protect against bladder cancer, the nurse advises that everyone who works with chemicals should do what?

Use personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks.

A patient is diagnosed with hydronephrosis. What is a complication that could result from this condition? a. Damage to the nephrons b. Kidney cancer c. Kidney stone d. Structural defects

a

Which patient has the greatest risk of developing a kidney abscess? a. Patient is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis b. Patient has flank asymmetry related to hydronephrosis c. Patient developed a urinary tract infection secondary to a urinary catheter d. Patient is diagnosed with hypertension and nephrosclerosis

a

A patient has undergone a kidney biopsy. In the immediate postprocedural period, the nurse notifies the health care provider about which findings? (SATA) a. Hematuria with blood clots b. Localized pain at the site c. "Tamponade effect" d. Decreasing urine output e. Flank pain f. Decreasing blood pressure

adef

Which test is the best indicator of kidney function? a Urine osmolarity b. serum creatinine c. Urine pH d. BUN

b

A patient is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. What is the priority for nursing care for this patient? a. Providing information about the disease process b. Controlling hypertension c. Managing pain d. Preventing constipation

c

A patient is suspected of having PKD. Which diagnostic study has minimal risks and can reveal PKD? a. Kidney-ureters-bladder (KUB) x-ray b. Urography c. Renal sonography d. Renal angiography

c

A patient with PKD reports nocturia. What is the nocturia caused by? a. Increased fluid intake in the evening b. Increased hypertension c. Decreased urine-concentrating ability d. Detrusor irritability

c

A patient with chronic pyelonephritis returns to the clinic for follow-up. With behavior indicates the patient is meeting the expected outcomes to conserve existing kidney fucntion? a. drinks a liter of fluid every day b. Consider buying a home blood pressure cuff c. Reports taking antibiotics as prescribed d d. Takes pain medication on a regular basis

c

After a nephrectomy, a patient has a large urine output because of adrenal insufficiency. what does the nurse anticipate the priority intervention for this patient will be? a. ACE inhibitor to control the hypertension and decrease protein loss in urine b. Straight catheterization or bedside bladder scan to measure residual urine c. IV fluid replacement because of subsequent hypotension and oliguria d. IF infusion of temsirolimus (Torisel), to inhibit cell division

c

In addition to kidney disease, which patient condition causes the BUN to rise above the noraml range? a. Anemia b. Asthama c. Infection d. Malnutrtion

c

The community health nurse is talking to a group of African-American adults about renal health. The nurse encourages the participants to have which type of yearly examination to screen for kidney problems a. Kidney ultrasound b. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen c. Urinalysis and microalbuminuria d. 24-hour urine collection

c

The nurse is assisting an inexperienced health care provider to assess a patient who has an aneurysm. The nurse would intervene if the provider performed which action? a. Inspected the flank for bruising or redness b. listened for a bruit over the renal artery c. Auscultated the abdomen for bowel sounds d. Palapated deeply to locate masses or tenderness

d

Which hematologic disorder is most likely to occur if the hormonal function of the kidneys is not working properly? a. Leukemia b. Thrombocyopenia c. Neutrpenia d. Anemia

d

in which patient circumstance would the nurse question the order for the insertion of an indwelling catheter?

patient has functional incontinence related to Alzheimer's disease.

Teaching intermittent self catheterization for incontinence is appropriate for which patient?

25-year-old male patient with paraplegia.

The patient has a continuous bladder irrigation via a three-way urinary catheter. At 0700, the urine drainage bag was emptied and 1,000 mL of irrigation fluid was hung. At 1100, 350 mL of irrigation fluid has been administered through the catheter. The urinary drainage bag now contains 600 mL. How many mL of urine has the patient produced in the past 4 hours? ________ mL

250 mL

The nurse is teaching the patient to perform continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Place the steps in the correct order. 1. Fluid stays in the cavity for a specified time prescribed by the health care provider 2. 1 to 2 L of dialysate is infused by gravity over a 10-20 minute period 3. Fluid flows out of the body by gravity into a drainage bag 4. Warm the dialysate bags before instillation by using a heating pad to wrap the bag

3, 2, 4, 1

The nurse and the dietician are planning dietary intake for a patient with acute kidney injury who is currently not on dialysis therapy. The dietitian informs the nurse that 0.6 g/kg of body weight of protein are needed. The patient weighs 130 lb. How many grams of protein should the patient receive? _______ grams

35 grams

Which patient is most likely to have mixed incontinence?

54-year-old woman who had four full-term pregnancies.

Which patient has the highest risk for bladder cancer?

60-year-old female patient who smokes two packs of cigarettes per day and works in a chemical factory.

Which patient has the highest risk for developing a complicated UTI?

A 22-year-old man who has a neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury.

Which patient should not be advised to take cranberry juice?

A 33-year-old woman with dysuria associated with interstitial cystitis.

The nurse sees that the patient is taking tamsulosin. Which question would the nurse ask to determine if the medication is achieving the desired therapeutic effect? A. "Are you still having trouble passing urine?" B. "Does your urine have a strong odor or appear cloudy?" C. "Are you having any problems with achieving an erection?" D. "Have you had a green or yellow discharge from your penis?"

A. "Are you still having trouble passing urine?"

The nurse is evaluating a patient's treatment response to erythropoietin. Which hemoglobin reading indicates that the goal is being met? A. Around 10 g/dL B. Greater than 20 g/dL C. Upward trend D. At baseline for gender

A. Around 10 g/dL

When shock or other problems cause an acute reduction in the blood flow to the kidneys, how do the kidneys compensate? SATA A. Constrict blood vessels in the kidney B. Activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway C. Release beta blockers D. Dilate arteries throughout the body E. Release antidiuretic hormones F. Restrict secretions of glucocorticoids

A. Constrict blood vessels in the kidney B. Activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway E. Release antidiuretic hormones

In collaboration with the registered dietitian, the nurse teaches the patient about which dietary recommendations for management of chronic kidney disease? SATA A. Controlling protein intake B. Limiting fluid intake C. Restricting potassium D. Increasing sodium E. Restricting phosphorus F. Reducing calories

A. Controlling protein intake B. Limiting fluid intake C. Restricting potassium E. Restricting phosphorus

A client had a suprapubic prostatectomy. Which type of tube can the nurse expect the client to have when he returns to his room from the postanesthesia care unit? A. Cystostomy B. Nasogastric C. Nephrostomy D. Ureterostomy

A. Cystostomy

The nurse is assessing a patient with uremia. Which gastrointestinal changes does the nurse expect to find? SATA A. Halitosis B. Hiccups C. Anorexia D. Nausea E. Vomiting F. Salivation

A. Halitosis B. Hiccups C. Anorexia D. Nausea E. Vomiting

Which disorder could be a complication from acute kidney injury? A. Heart failure B. Diabetes mellitus C. Kidney cancer D. Compartment syndrome

A. Heart failure

What criteria are included in the current definition of acute kidney injury? SATA A. Increase in serum creatinine by 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours B. Presence of polyuria, and nocturia with very dilute pale yellow urine C. Signs and symptoms of fluid overload, such as edema, and crackles on auscultation D. Increase in serum creatinine to 1.5 times or more from baseline in the previous 7 days E. Hypotension and tachycardia with progressively decreased amounts of urine F. Urine volume of less than 0.5 mL/kilogram/hour for 6 hours

A. Increase in serum creatinine by 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours D. Increase in serum creatinine to 1.5 times or more from baseline in the previous 7 days F. Urine volume of less than 0.5 mL/kilogram/hour for 6 hours

The home health nurse is reviewing the medication list of a patient with chronic kidney disease. The nurse calls the health care provider as a reminder that the patient might need which nutritional supplements? SATA A. Iron B. Magnesium C. Phosphorus D. Calcium E. Vitamin D F. Water-soluble vitamin

A. Iron D. Calcium E. Vitamin D F. Water-soluble vitamin

What are common serum tumor markers that confirm a diagnosis of testicular cancer? SETA A. Lactate dehydrogenase B. Early prostate cancer antigen C. Glutathione S-transferase D. Alpha-fetoprotein E. Beta human chorionic gonadotropin F. BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

A. Lactate dehydrogenase D. Alpha-fetoprotein E. Beta human chorionic gonadotropin

A patient had a transrectal ultrasound with biopsy earlier in the day. What urine characteristics does the nurse expect to see? A. Light pink urine B. Bright red urine C. Dark urine with small clots D. Very pale yellow urine

A. Light pink urine

A patient with acute kidney injury is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What is the therapeutic goal of using TPN? A. Preserve a lean body mass B. Promote tubular reabsorption C. Create a negative nitrogen balance D. Prevent infection

A. Preserve a lean body mass

The home health nurse is evaluating the home setting for a patient who wishes to have in-home hemodialysis. What is important to have in the home setting to support this therapy? A. Specialized water treatment system to provide a safe, purified water supply B. Large dust-free space to accommodate and store the dialysis equipment C. Modified electrical system to provide high voltage to power the equipment D. Specialized cooling system to maintain strict temperature control

A. Specialized water treatment system to provide a safe, purified water supply

According to the KDIGO classification (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes), how would the nurse interpret the following data? Serum creatinine increased x 1.5 over baseline with urine output of <0.5 mL/kg/hr > 6 hours A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. End-stage kidney disease

A. Stage 1

The nurse is teaching a patient about self-care following an open radical prostatectomy. What does the nurse include in the health teaching? SATA A. Teach how to care for the indwelling catheter and manifestations of infection B. Instruct to walk short distances C. Instruct to have prostate-specific antigen testing 12 weeks after surgery and then once a year D. Advise to maintain an upright position and not walk bent or flexed E. Advise to shower rather than soak in a bathtub for the first 2-3 weeks F. Teach to use enemas or laxatives as needed to prevent straining

A. Teach how to care for the indwelling catheter and manifestations of infection B. Instruct to walk short distances D. Advise to maintain an upright position and not walk bent or flexed E. Advise to shower rather than soak in a bathtub for the first 2-3 weeks

The advanced practice nurse is performing a testicular exam on a young Caucasian male patient. The practitioner finds a hard, painless lump. This finding is considered the most common manifestation of which disease or disorder? A. Testicular cancer B. Erectile dysfunction C. Prostate cancer D. Epididymitis

A. Testicular cancer

A patient has returned to the medical-surgical unit after having a dialysis treatment. The nurse notes that the patient is also scheduled for an invasive procedure on the same day. What is the primary rationale for delaying the procedure for 4 to 6 hours? A. The patient was heparinized during dialysis B. The patient will have cardiac dysrhythmias after dialysis C. The patient will be incoherent and unable to give consent D. The patient needs routine medications that were delayed

A. The patient was heparinized during dialysis

A patient has an enlarged prostate. Which procedure does the nurse anticipate that the health care provider will order to test for bladder outlet obstruction? A. Urodynamic pressure-flow study B. Bladder scan C. Transrectal ultrasound D. Computer tomography scan

A. Urodynamic pressure-flow study

A patient has been receiving erythropoietin. Which statements by the patient indicates that the therapy is producing the desired effect? A."I can do my housework with less fatigue" B. "I have been passing more urine than I was before" C. "I have less pain and discomfort now" D. "I can swallow and eat much better than before"

A."I can do my housework with less fatigue"

The intensive care nurse is caring for the kidney transplant patient who was just transferred from the recovery unit. Which finding is the most serious within the first 12 hours after surgery and warrants immediate notification of the transplant surgeon? A. Diuresis with increased output B. Pink or dark reddish urine C. Abrupt decrease in urine D. Small clots in bladder irrigation fluid

C. Abrupt decrease in urine

The nurse is assessing a patient with kidney injury and notes that the patient is having Kussmaul respirations. What condition is the body attempting to compensate for? A. Hypoxia B. Alkalosis C. Acidosis D. Hypoxemia

C. Acidosis

Which combination of drugs is the most nephrotoxic? A. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin B. Angiotensin II receptor blockers and antacids C. Amino-glycoside antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs D. Calcium channel blockers and antihistamines

C. Amino-glycoside antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

The nurse teaches a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia to follow which instructions? SATA A. Take diuretics B. Avoid sexual intercourse C. Avoid antihistamine D. Avoid caffeine E. Avoid drinking large amounts of fluid in a short time F. Void when the urge occurs

C. Avoid antihistamine D. Avoid caffeine E. Avoid drinking large amounts of fluid in a short time F. Void when the urge occurs

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage renal disease. Which clinical indicators of end-stage renal disease should the nurse expect? SATA A. Polyuria B. Jaundice C. Azotemia D. Hypertension E. Polycythemia

C. Azotemia D. Hypertension

The nurse notes an abnormal laboratory test finding for a patient with chronic kidney disease and alerts the health care provider. The nurse also consults with the registered dietitian because an excessive dietary protein intake is directly related to which factor? A. Elevated serum creatinine level B. Protein presence in the urine C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level D. Elevated serum potassium level

C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level

A patient reports having uncomfortable and unsettling episodes of "hot flashes" after receiving hormonal therapy for a prostate tumor. To alleviate this symptom, the nurse would obtain an order for which medication? A. Bisphosphonate drug such as pamidronate B. Antiandrogen drug such as biculatamide C. Hormonal inhibitor drug such as megestrol acetate D. Antimuscarinic agents such as tolterodine

C. Hormonal inhibitor drug such as megestrol acetate

The nurse is working in a long-term care facility. Which circumstance is cause for greatest concern, because the facility has a large number of residents who are developing UTIs?

A large percentage of residents have indwelling urinary catheters.

The nurse is talking to a patient with end-stage kidney disease. The patient frequently displays weight gain and increased blood pressure beyond baseline measurements. Which question is the nurse most likely to ask to determine if the patient is doing something that is contributing to these assessment findings? A. "Are you controlling your salt intake?" B. "Are you following the protein restrictions?" C. "Have you been eating a lot of sweets?" D. "Have you been exercising regularly?"

A. "Are you controlling your salt intake?"

The nurse is interviewing a patient to determine the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which questions would the nurse ask? SATA A. "Do you have difficulty starting and continuing urination?" B. "Have you ever had a testicular infection?" C. "Do you have reduced force and size of the urinary stream?" D. "Have you noticed dribbling or leaking after urinating?" E. "How many times do you have to get up during the night to urinate?" F. "Have you noticed blood at the start or at the end of urinating?"

A. "Do you have difficulty starting and continuing urination?" C. "Do you have reduced force and size of the urinary stream?" D. "Have you noticed dribbling or leaking after urinating?" E. "How many times do you have to get up during the night to urinate?" F. "Have you noticed blood at the start or at the end of urinating?"

The home health nurse is visiting a patient who independently performs peritoneal dialysis (PD). Which question does the nurse ask the patient to assess for the major complication associated with PD? A. "Have you noticed any signs or symptoms of infection?" B. "Are you having any pain during the dialysis treatments?" C. "Is the dialysate fluid slow or sluggish?" D. "Have you noticed any leakage around the catheter?"

A. "Have you noticed any signs or symptoms of infection?"

An older patient's wife is very upset because "my husband was just told he had prostate cancer. He feels fine now, but the doctor told him to watch and wait. Why are we just watching? What are we supposed to do?" What is the nurse's best response? A. "Prostate cancer is slow growing. Your husband needs regular prostate specific antigen testing; I'll give you a list of symptoms to watch for." B. "This is very upsetting news. Let's sit down and talk about how you feel and then I will have the doctor talk to you again." C. "It's okay, don't be upset. This is a very common way to handle prostate cancer for men who are your husband's age." D. "I can get you some information about prostate cancer. this will help you understand why the doctor said this to your husband."

A. "Prostate cancer is slow growing. Your husband needs regular prostate specific antigen testing; I'll give you a list of symptoms to watch for."

A patient needs surgical intervention for an enlarged prostate but also needs to maintain his anticoagulant therapy. Which brochure would be the most appropriate to prepare for the patient? A. "Talking to Your Doctor About Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate" B. "Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: The Traditional Treatment" C. "Is Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy with Robotic Assistance Right for You?" D. "Common Questions About the Open Surgical Technique for Radical Prostatectomy"

A. "Talking to Your Doctor About Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate"

The nurse is caring for several patients at a walk-in clinic. None of the patients currently has any acute or chronic kidney problems. Which patient has the greatest risk to develop acute kidney injury? A. 73-year-old male who has hypertension and peripheral vascular disease B. 32-year-old female who is pregnant and has gestational diabetes C. 49-year-old male who is obese and has a history of skin cancer D. 23-year-old female who has been treated for a urinary tract infection

A. 73-year-old male who has hypertension and peripheral vascular disease

The emergency department nurse receives change-of-shift report about four clients. Which one should be assessed first? A. A 19-year-old client with scrotal swelling and severe pain that has not decreased with elevation of scrotum B. A 25-year-old client who has a painless indurated lesion on the glans penis C. A 44-year-old client with an elevated temperature, chills, and back pain associated with recurrent prostatitis D. A 77-year-old client with abdominal pain and acute bladder distension

A. A 19-year-old client with scrotal swelling and severe pain that has not decreased with elevation of scrotum

Which conditions meet the criteria for having a surgical intervention for benign prostatic hyperplasia? SATA A. Acute urinary retention B. Hydronephrosis C. Acute urinary tract infection that does not respond to first-line antibiotics D. Recurrent kidney stones E. Hematuria F. Chronic urinary tract infections secondary to residual urine in the bladder

A. Acute urinary retention B. Hydronephrosis E. Hematuria F. Chronic urinary tract infections secondary to residual urine in the bladder

In order to assist a patient in the the prevention of osteodystrophy, which intervention does the nurse perform? A. Administer phosphate binders with meals B. Encourage high-quality protein foods C. Administer iron supplements D. Encourage extra milk at mealtimes

A. Administer phosphate binders with meals

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury who does not have signs or symptoms of fluid overload. Which intervention would be most effective as a fluid challenge to promote kidney perfusion? A. Administering normal saline 500 to 1000 mL infused over 1 hour B. Administering drugs to suppress aldosterone release C. Instilling 500 to 1000 mL normal saline through a nasogastric tube D. Having the patient drink several large glasses of water

A. Administering normal saline 500 to 1000 mL infused over 1 hour

A young patient is diagnosed with testicular cancer. He and his wife have been trying to conceive a child for several months. What information does the nurse give the couple about sperm storage? A. Arrangements for sperm storage should be made as soon as possible after diagnosis B. Sperm collection should be completed after radiation therapy or chemotherapy C. Two or three samples should be collected 6 days apart D. Saving sperm helps to alleviate fears related to erectile dysfunction

A. Arrangements for sperm storage should be made as soon as possible after diagnosis

The nurse is caring for a patient with an arteriovenous fistula. What is included in the nursing care for this patient? SATA A. Assess the patient's distal pulses and circulation in the arm with the access B. Encourage routine range-of-motion exercises C. Avoid venipuncture or IV administration on the arm with the access device D. Instruct the patient to carry heavy objects to build muscular strength E. Assess for manifestations of infection of the fistula F. Instruct the patient to sleep on affected side with arm in the dependent position

A. Assess the patient's distal pulses and circulation in the arm with the access B. Encourage routine range-of-motion exercises C. Avoid venipuncture or IV administration on the arm with the access device E. Assess for manifestations of infection of the fistula

The nurse is providing post-dialysis care for a patient. In comparing vital signs and weight measurements to the predialysis data, what does the nurse expect to find? A. Blood pressure and weight are reduced B. Blood pressure is increased and weight is reduced C. Blood pressure and weight are slightly increased D. Blood pressure is low and weight is the same

A. Blood pressure and weight are reduced

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving gentamicin. Which laboratory results does the nurse monitor? SATA A. Blood urea nitrogen B. Creatinine C. Drug peak and trough levels D. Prothrombin time E. Platelets count F. Hemoglobin and hematocrit

A. Blood urea nitrogen B. Creatinine C. Drug peak and trough levels

A patient with acute kidney injury has a high rate of catabolism with an increase in blood levels of catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon. How will this pathophysiology manifest? A. Blood urea nitrogen will reflect buildup of nitrogenous wastes in the blood B. Elevated blood sugar will cause hyperglycemia-induced diuresis C. Falsely low sodium level is associated with fluid overload D. Weight gain occurs in response to increased calorie consumption

A. Blood urea nitrogen will reflect buildup of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury and notes a trend of increasingly elevated blood urea nitrogen levels. How does the nurse interpret this information? A. Breakdown of muscle for protein which leads to an increase in azotemia B. Signs of urinary retention and decreased urinary output C. Expected trend that can be reversed by discontinuing diuretics D. Ominous sign of irreversible kidney failure

A. Breakdown of muscle for protein which leads to an increase in azotemia

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium level of 8 mEq/L. The nurse notifies the health care provider after assessing for which sign/symptom? A. Cardiac dysrhythmias B. Respiratory depression C. Tremors or seizures D. Decreased urine output

A. Cardiac dysrhythmias

The nurse is caring for a patient requiring peritoneal dialysis. In order to monitor the patient's weight, what does the nurse do? A. Check the weight after a drain and before the next fill to monitor the patient's "dry weight" B. Calculate the "dry weight" by comparing daily weights to baseline weights C. Determine "dry weight" by comparing the patient's weight to a standard weight chart D. Weigh the patient daily and subtract fluid intake and dialysate volume to determine "dry weight"

A. Check the weight after a drain and before the next fill to monitor the patient's "dry weight"

A patient sustained extensive burns and depletion of vascular volume. The nurse expects which changes in vital signs and urinary function? A. Decreased urine output, hypotension, tachycardia B. Increased urine output, hypertension, tachycardia C. Bradycardia, hypotension, polyuria D. Dysrhythmias, hypertension, oliguria

A. Decreased urine output, hypotension, tachycardia

The community health nurse is designing programs to reduce kidney problems and kidney injury among the general public. In order to do so, the nurse targets health promotion and compliance with therapy for people with which conditions? A. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension B. Frequent episodes of sexually transmitted diseases C. Osteoporosis and other bone diseases D. Gastroenteritis and poor eating habits

A. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension

The nurse is teaching a patient who had an open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. What instructions does the nurse give to the patient? SATA A. Do not lift anything over 15 lb B. Limit intake of fluids to 1000 mL per day C. Do not drive a car for several weeks D. Perform monthly testicular self-examination on the remaining tests E. Have follow-up diagnostic testing for at least 3 years after the surgery F. Report fever, drainage, or increasing tenderness or pain around the incision

A. Do not lift anything over 15 lb C. Do not drive a car for several weeks D. Perform monthly testicular self-examination on the remaining tests E. Have follow-up diagnostic testing for at least 3 years after the surgery F. Report fever, drainage, or increasing tenderness or pain around the incision

The nurse is reviewing urinalysis results for a patient who is in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. What results might the nurse expect to see? A. Excessive protein, glucose, red blood cells, and white blood cells B. Increased specific gravity with a dark amber discoloration C. Dramatically increased urinary osmolarity D. Pink-tinged urine with obvious small blood clots

A. Excessive protein, glucose, red blood cells, and white blood cells

The nurse is taking a history of a patient at risk for kidney failure. What does the nurse ask the patient about during the interview? SATA A. Exposure to nephrotoxic chemicals B. Unexpected weight loss C. History of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, systemic lupus erythematosus D. Recent surgery, trauma, or transfusions E. Leakage of urine when coughing or laughing F. Recent or prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A. Exposure to nephrotoxic chemicals C. History of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, systemic lupus erythematosus D. Recent surgery, trauma, or transfusions F. Recent or prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

What might the nurse notice if the patient is experiencing reduce perfusion and altered urinary elimination related to acute kidney injury? SATA A. Hemodynamic instability, especially persistent hypotension and tachycardia B. Urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour for 6 or more hours C. Serum creatinine below baseline or admission values D. Urine may be clear or have a pale yellow color E. Abnormal urine sodium values F. Bladder distension and flank pain

A. Hemodynamic instability, especially persistent hypotension and tachycardia B. Urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour for 6 or more hours E. Abnormal urine sodium values

During the first 24 hours after prostatectomy, what is the priority concern? A. Hemorrhage B. Infection C. Hydronephrosis D. Confusion

A. Hemorrhage

A client is admitted to a medical unit with the diagnosis of acute kidney failure. The nurse reviews the client's laboratory data, performs a physical assessment, and obtains the client's vital signs. What should the nurse conclude the client is most likely experiencing? VS: Temp: 98.9, PR: 78, irregular, RR: 20/min, BP: 180/100; Lab: K+: 5.8 mEq/L, Na+: 140 mEq/L, Ca++: 9.0 mg/dL A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypouricemia D. Hypercalcemia

A. Hyperkalemia

A patient is undergoing large-volume bladder irrigation. During and after the procedure, the nurse observes the patient for confusion, muscle weakness, and increased gastrointestinal motility related to which potentially adverse effect of large-volume irrigation? A. Hyponatremia B. Hypovolemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypotension

A. Hyponatremia

The nurse is caring for a patient in the intensive care unit who sustained blood loss during a traumatic accident. To detect signs and symptoms that suggest the development of kidney dysfunction, the nurse observes for which data? SATA A. Hypotension B. Bradycardia C. Decreased urine output D. Decreased cardiac output E. Increased central venous pressure F. Jugular vein distension

A. Hypotension C. Decreased urine output D. Decreased cardiac output

A nurse is designing a teaching plan for a patient with an enlarged prostate with obstructive symptoms. What action could the patient preform that might help to relieve the obstruction? A. Increase frequency of sexual intercourse B. Void before going to bed and upon waking C. Urinate forcefully after drinking fluids D. Spread fluid intake throughout the day

A. Increase frequency of sexual intercourse

The nurse notes bright-red blood with numerous colts in the urinary drainage bag for a patient who had a transurethral resection of the prostate. Besides notifying the surgeon, what is the nurse's best action? A. Irrigate the catheter with normal saline per protocol B. Remove the urinary catheter and save the tip to culture C. Start an IV infusion and draw blood for type and cross D. Empty the drainage bag and record the appearance of output

A. Irrigate the catheter with normal saline per protocol

The nurse is caring for patients who have cancers of the bladder, cervix, colon, and prostate. These patients have a risk for developing which type of acute kidney injury? A. Prerenal injury B. Intrarenal injury C. Postrenal injury D. Intrinsic renal failure

C. Postrenal injury

The patient with chronic kidney disease reports chronic fatigue, lethargy with weakness, and mild shortness of breath with dizziness when rising to a standing position. In addition, the nurse notes pale mucous membranes. Based on the patient's illness and the presenting symptoms, which laboratory result does the nurse expect to see? A. Low hemoglobin and hematocrit B. Low white blood cell count C. Low blood glucose D. Low oxygen saturation

A. Low hemoglobin and hematocrit

The nurse is taking a health history on a patient with organic erectile dysfunction. What are possible causes of this condition? SATA A. Medications for hypertension B. Obesity C. Thyroid disorders D. Diabetes mellitus E. Diverticulitis F. Smoking and alcohol

A. Medications for hypertension C. Thyroid disorders D. Diabetes mellitus F. Smoking and alcohol

A patient is undergoing a dialysis treatment and exhibits a progression of symptoms which include headache, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. How does the nurse interpret these symptoms? A. Mild dialysis disequilibrium syndrome B. Expected manifestations in end stage kidney disease C. Transient symptoms in a new dialysis patient D. Adverse reaction to the dialysate

A. Mild dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

What should the nurse do in order to monitor kidney function in the patient with chronic kidney disease? SATA A. Monitor intake and output B. Check urine specific gravity C. Review blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels D. Review x-ray reports E. Monitor serum potassium and sodium levels F. Observe albumin-creatinine ration

A. Monitor intake and output B. Check urine specific gravity C. Review blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels E. Monitor serum potassium and sodium levels F. Observe albumin-creatinine ration

The patient is prescribed a broad-spectrum antibiotic for prostatitis. Which laboratory result indicates that the medication is having the desired therapeutic effect? A. Normalization of white cell count B. Decreased blood urea nitrogen level C. Increased red blood cell count D. Prostate-specific antigen within normal limits

A. Normalization of white cell count

An older patient is scheduled for an annual physical including a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and a digital rectal examination (DRE). How are these two tests scheduled for the patient? A. PSA is drawn before the DRE is performed B. DRE is done several weeks before the PSA C. PSA is reviewed first because DRE may be unnecessary D. Both tests can be done at the convenience of the patient

A. PSA is drawn before the DRE is performed

The nurse is caring for a patient who had minimally invasive surgery for testicular cancer. The nurse is also caring for a patient who had an open radical retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. The nurse anticipates that the second patient has greater risk for which conditions? A. Paralytic ileus B. Urinary incontinence C. Lower urinary tract symptoms D. Fluid overload

A. Paralytic ileus

The patient had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) several days ago, and the urinary catheter was removed 6 hours ago. Which sign/symptom must be resolved before the patient is discharged? A. Patient has not voided since the catheter was removed B. Patient reports a burning sensation with urination C. Patient reports dribbling and leakage since catheter was removed D. Patient reports anxiety related to sexual function because of TURP

A. Patient has not voided since the catheter was removed

Which patients are likely to be excluded from receiving a transplant? SATA A. Patient with breast cancer that has metastasized to lungs B. Patient with advanced and uncorrectable heart disease C. Patient with a chemical dependency D. Patient who is 70 years old and has a living related donor E. Patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus F. Patient who is receiving treatment for peptic ulcer disease

A. Patient with breast cancer that has metastasized to lungs B. Patient with advanced and uncorrectable heart disease C. Patient with a chemical dependency

Which patients with chronic kidney disease are candidates for intermittent hemodialysis? SATA A. Patient with fluid overload who does not respond to diuretics B. Patient with stage 1 injury according to the KDIGO classifications C. Patient with symptomatic toxin ingestion D. Patient with uremic manifestations, such as decreased cognition E. Patient with symptomatic hyperkalemia and calciphylaxis F. Patient with increased creatinine and blood urea nitrogen

A. Patient with fluid overload who does not respond to diuretics C. Patient with symptomatic toxin ingestion D. Patient with uremic manifestations, such as decreased cognition E. Patient with symptomatic hyperkalemia and calciphylaxis

The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient and is evaluating the patient's intake and output as a measure to prevent acute kidney injury. The patient weighs 60 kg and has an intake of 120 mL and 180 mL of urine in the past 4 hours. What should the nurse do? A. Perform other assessments related to fluid status and record the output B. Call the health care provider and obtain an order for a fluid bolus C. Encourage the patient to drink more fluid, so that the output is increased D. Compare the patient's weight to baseline to determine fluid retention

A. Perform other assessments related to fluid status and record the output

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops severe chest pain, an increased pulse, low-grade fever, and pericardial friction rub with a cardiac dysrhythmia and muffled heart tones. The nurse immediately alerts the health care provider and prepares for which emergency procedure? A. Pericardiocentesis B. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration C. Kidney dialysis D. Endotracheal intubation

A. Pericardiocentesis

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient who had a transurethral resection of the prostate. What does the nurse include in the instructions? A. Reassurance that loss of control of urination or dribbling of urine is temporary B. Instructions about how to apply a condom catheter and monitor for skin breakdown C. Advice about how to control bleeding and passage of blood clots D. Information about the side effects related to aminocaproic acid

A. Reassurance that loss of control of urination or dribbling of urine is temporary

After a radical prostatectomy, a client is ready to be discharged. Which nursing action included in the discharge plan should be assigned to an experienced LPN/LVN? A. Reinforcing the client's need to check his temperature daily B. Teaching the client how to care for his retention catheter C. Documenting a discharge assessment in the client's chart D. Instructing the client about the prescribed narcotic analgesic

A. Reinforcing the client's need to check his temperature daily

A patient had a transrectal ultrasound with biopsy. After this procedure, what does the nurse instruct the patient to do? A. Report fever, chills, bloody urine, and any difficulty voiding B. Limit fluid intake for several hours after the procedure C. Expect decreased urine output for 24 hours after the procedure D. Expect some mild perineal and abdominal pain

A. Report fever, chills, bloody urine, and any difficulty voiding

The health care provider orders IV fluids at a rate of 1 mL/kg/hour for 12 hours prior to an imaging test. The patient weighs 152 lb. What should the nurse do? A. Set the IV pump to deliver 69 mL/hr B. Set the IV pump to deliver 152 mL/hr C. Set the IV pump to deliver 1 mL for 12 hours D. Call provider to clarify the order in mL/hr

A. Set the IV pump to deliver 69 mL/hr

The nurse is caring for a patient who has hypovolemic shock secondary to trauma. Based on the pathophysiology of hypovolemia and prerenal azotemia, what does the nurse assess at least every hour? A. Urinary output B. Presence of edema C. Urine color D. Presence of pain

A. Urinary output

A nurse is caring for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. What is the most important action for the nurse to implement when irrigating the bladder? A. Use sterile equipment B. Instill the fluid under high pressure C. Warm the solution to body temperature D. Aspirate immediately to ensure return flow

A. Use sterile equipment

A patient can develop intrarenal kidney injury from which causes? SATA A. Vasculitis B. Pyelonephritis C. Strenuous exercise D. Exposure to nephrotoxins E. Bladder cancer F. Systemic infection (sepsis)

A. Vasculitis B. Pyelonephritis D. Exposure to nephrotoxins F. Systemic infection (sepsis)

The nurse monitors the daily weights for a patient with chronic kidney disease because of the risk for fluid retention. What instructions does the nurse give to the unlicensed assistive personnel? A. Weigh the patient daily at the same time each day, same scale, with the same amount of clothing B. Weigh the patient daily and add 1 kilogram of weight for the intake of each liter of fluid C. Weigh the patient in the morning before breakfast and weigh the patient at nigh just before bedtime D. Ask the patient about normal weight and weigh the patient before and after each voiding

A. Weigh the patient daily at the same time each day, same scale, with the same amount of clothing

Based on the nurses knowledge of the normal function of the kidney, which large particles are not found in the urine because they are too large to filter through the glomerular capillary walls? (SATA) a. Blood cells b. Albumin c. Other proteins d. Electrolytes e. Water

Abc

Which behavior is the strongest indicator that a patient with end stage kidney disease is not coping well with the illness and may need a referral for psychological counseling? A. Displays irritability when the meal tray arrives B. Refused to take a drug because it can cause nausea C. Repeatedly misses dialysis appointments D. Is quiet when the health care provider talks about prognosis

C. Repeatedly misses dialysis appointments

What should the nurse do to obtain an accurate urine output for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation? (CBI) A. Measure the contents of the bedside drainage bag B. Stop the irrigation and determine the urine output C. Subtract the volume of irrigant from the total drainage D. Ensure the urine and irrigant drain into two separate bags

C. Subtract the volume of irrigant from the total drainage

The nurse is reviewing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) results for a patient who had a prostatectomy for prostate cancer several months ago. The PSA level is 40 ng/mL. How does the nurse interpret this data? A. At this stage, PSA level of 40 ng/mL is expected B. The cancer was completely removed C. The cancer is most likely recurring D. Prostate irrigation and infection are present

C. The cancer is most likely recurring

A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney failure who is receiving a protein restricted diet. The client asks why this diet is necessary. What information should the nurse include in a response to the client's questions? A. A high-protein intake ensures an adequate daily supply of amino acids to compensate for losses B. Essential and nonessential amino acids are necessary in the diet to supply materials for tissue protein synthesis C. This supplies only essential amino acids, reducing the amount of metabolic waste products, thus decreasing the stress on the kidney D. Urea nitrogen cannot be used to synthesize amino acids in the body, so the nitrogen for amino acid synthesis must come from the dietary protein

C. This supplies only essential amino acids, reducing the amount of metabolic waste products, thus decreasing the stress on the kidney

The nurse is teaching a patient a behavioral intervention for bladder compression. In order to correctly perform the Crede method, what does the nurse teach the patient to do?

Apply firm and steady pressure over the bladder area with the palm of the hand.

The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient with probable stress incontinence. Which assessment technique does the nurse use to validate stress incontinence?

Ask the patient to cough while wearing a perineal pad.

The nurse is caring for a patient with functional incontinence. The UAP reports that "the linens have been changed four times within the past six hours, but the patient refuses to wear a diaper." What does the nurse do next?

Assess the patient for any new urinary problems and ask about toileting preferences.

An older adult male patient reports an acute problem with urine retention. The nurse advises the patient to seek medical attention because permanent kidney damage can occur in what time frame? a. IIn less than 6 hours b. in less than 48 hours c. Within several weeks d. Within several years

B

A client who has just returned to the surgical unit after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) reports acute bladder spasms. In which order will the nurse perform these prescribed actions? A. Administer acetaminophen/oxycodone 325 mg/5 mg B. Irrigate the retention catheter with 30 to 50 mL of sterile normal saline C. Infuse 500 mL of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution over 2 hours D. Offer the client oral fluids to at least 2500 to 3000 mL/day

B, A, C, D

The nurse is interviewing a patient with erectile dysfunction. Which question would the nurse ask to assist the health care provider in differentiating the etiology as organic versus functional? A. "Have you ever had an elevated prostate specific antigen level?" B. "Do you ever have nocturnal emissions or morning erections?" C. "Have you tried any medications or therapies for erectile dysfunction?" D. "Do you have trouble passing urine or starting the stream?"

B. "Do you ever have nocturnal emissions or morning erections?"

A patient and family are trying to plan a schedule that coordinates with the patient's hemodialysis regimen. The patient asks, "How often will I have to go and how long does it take?" What is the nurse's best response? A. "If you follow diet and fluid therapies, you spend less time in dialysis, about 12 hours a week" B. "Most patients require about 12 hours per week; this is usually divided into three 4-hour treatments" C. "It varies. You will have to call your health care provider for specific instructions" D. "Many patients prefer to have treatments that occur every night while sleeping"

B. "Most patients require about 12 hours per week; this is usually divided into three 4-hour treatments"

The nurse is talking to a 35-year-old African American man about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. The patient tells the nurse that his father was diagnosed with prostate cancer in his 50s. What should the nurse tell the patient? A. "Although authorities do not always agree, PSA testing usually starts at age 50" B. "Your genetic and racial risk factors suggest testing should begin at age 45." C. "Because of our African American heritage, you should start testing now" D. "PSA testing can be started at any time for all males at any age"

B. "Your genetic and racial risk factors suggest testing should begin at age 45."

The nurse is caring for a 21-year-old client who had a left orchiectomy for testicular cancer on the previous day. Which nursing activity will be best to assign to an LPN/LVN? A. Educating the client about post-orchiectomy chemotherapy and radiation B. Administering the prescribed "as needed" (PRN) oxycodone to the client C. Teaching the client how to do testicular self-examination on the remaining testicle D. Assessing the client's knowledge level about post-orchiectomy fertility

B. Administering the prescribed "as needed" (PRN) oxycodone to the client

A patient is instructed by the dietitian to restrict protein to 0.6 g/kg of body weight. The patient weighs 121 pounds and reports consuming milk and eggs or meat for every meal. What should the nurse do? A. Instruct the patient to carefully review and follow the dietary plan as instructed by the dietician B. Advise the patient that protein intake is excessive and consult the dietitian for reeducation C. Ask the patient to described what he used to eat prior to being told about the dietary plan D. Give the patient a brochure that explains how to calculate grams of protein in typical foods

B. Advise the patient that protein intake is excessive and consult the dietitian for reeducation

The night shift nurse sees a patient with kidney failure sitting up in bed. The patient states, "I feel a little short of breath at night when I get up to walk to the bathroom." What assessment does the nurse do? A. Check for orthostatic hypotension because of potential volume depletion B. Auscultates the lungs for crackles, which indicate fluid overload C. Check the pulse and blood pressure for possible decreased cardiac output D. Assess for normal sleep pattern and need for a PRN sedative

B. Auscultates the lungs for crackles, which indicate fluid overload

A patient had undergone external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for palliative treatment of prostate cancer. What suggestions does the nurse make to help the patient manage acute radiation cystitis secondary to ERBT? A. Limit intake of water and other fluids B. Avoid consumption of caffeinated drinks C. Increase consumption of dairy products D. Wash genitals with mild soap and water

B. Avoid consumption of caffeinated drinks

What are common sites of metastasis for prostate cancer? SATA A. Pancreas B. Bones of the pelvis C. Liver D. Lumbar spine E. Lungs F. Kidneys

B. Bones of the pelvis C. Liver D. Lumbar spine E. Lungs

The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned to the surgical unit after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which assessment finding will require the most immediate action? A. Blood pressure reading of 153/88 mm Hg B. Catheter that is draining deep red blood C. Client not wearing anti embolism hose D. Client report of abdominal cramping

B. Catheter that is draining deep red blood

The nurse is teaching a patient about performing peritoneal dialysis (PD) at home. In order to identify the earliest manifestations of peritonitis, what does the nurse instruct the patient to do? A. Monitor temperature before starting PD B. Check the effluent for cloudiness C. Be aware of feelings of malaise D. Monitor for abdominal pain

B. Check the effluent for cloudiness

The nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage kidney disease and dialysis has been initiated. Which drug order does the nurse question? A. Erythropoietin B. Diuretic C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor D. Calcium channel blocker

B. Diuretic

The patient had several diagnostic tests to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms. Which finding suggests that the patient may have kidney disease? A. Elevated white blood cell count B. Elevated serum creatinine C. Elevated red blood cell count D. Elevated prostate-specific antigen

B. Elevated serum creatinine

Which is the most important for the nurse to do when providing care to a client who had a transurethral resection of the prostate? A. Maintain patency of the cystostomy tube B. Ensure patency of the indwelling catheter C. Keep the abdominal dressing clean and dry D. Observe the wound for hemorrhage and infection

B. Ensure patency of the indwelling catheter

What is the major advantage to tadalafil compared to other medications or treatments for erectile dysfunction? A. User is able to control erections B. Erection occurs more naturally C. There is no need to abstain from alcohol D. Sexual stimulation is not required

B. Erection occurs more naturally

The nurse is teaching a patient at risk for prostate cancer about food sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Which food does the nurse suggest? A. Red meat B. Fish C. Watermelon D. Oatmeal

B. Fish

The nurse notes that the patient has just started taking an alpha-blocker medication to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. What instruction, related to the medication side effects, will the nurse give to unlicensed assistive personnel who will assist the patient with activities of daily living? A. Frequently offer the patient the urinal B. Have him sit up slowly and pause before standing C. Remind the patient to drink plenty of extra fluids D. Frequently check the linens for soiling and moisture

B. Have him sit up slowly and pause before standing

The health care provider has ordered sodium restriction to 3 g daily for a patient receiving dialysis therapy. What does the nurse teach the patient? A. Add smaller amounts of salt at the table or during cooking B. Identify foods that are high in sodium (i.e. bacon, potato chips, fast food) C. Avoid foods that have a metallic, salty, or bitter taste D. Eat larger amounts of bland foods with very minimal amounts of spicing

B. Identify foods that are high in sodium (i.e. bacon, potato chips, fast food)

As a result of kidney failure, excessive hydrogen ions cannot be excreted. With acid retention, the nurse is most likely to observe what type of respiratory compensation? A. Cheyne-Stokes respiratory pattern B. Increased depth of breathing C. Decreased respiratory rate and depth D. Increased arterial carbon dioxide levels

B. Increased depth of breathing

During peritoneal dialysis, the nurse notes slowed dialysate outflow. What does the nurse do to troubleshoot the system? SATA A. Ensure that the drainage bag is elevated B. Inspect the tubing for kinking or twisting C. Ensure that clamps are open D. Turn the patient to the other side E. Make sure the patient has good body alignment F. Instruct the patient to stand or cough

B. Inspect the tubing for kinking or twisting C. Ensure that clamps are open D. Turn the patient to the other side E. Make sure the patient has good body alignment

The nurse is reviewing the medication list and appropriate dose adjustments made for a patient with chronic kidney disease. The nurse would question the use and/or dosage adjustments of which type of medications? A. Antibiotics B. Magnesium antacids C. Oral antidiabetics D. Opioids

B. Magnesium antacids

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury that developed after a severe anaphylactic reaction. What is a primary treatment goal of the initial phase that will help to prevent permanent kidney damage for this patient? A. Correct fluid volume by administering IV normal saline B. Maintain a minimal mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg C. Prevent kidney infections by administering antibiotics D. Give antihistamines to prevent allergic response

B. Maintain a minimal mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg

When a patient is in the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury, the nurse is mainly concerned about implementing which interventions? A. Assessing for hypertension and fluid overload B. Monitoring for hypovolemia and electrolyte loss C. Adjusting the dosage of diuretic medications D. Balancing diuretic therapy with intake

B. Monitoring for hypovolemia and electrolyte loss

A patient reports having erectile dysfunction and is seeking a prescription for sildenafil. Because of the potential for dangerous drug-drug interactions, the nurse asks the patient specifically if he takes which type of medication? A. NSAIDs B. Nitrates C. Opioids D. Antilipemics

B. Nitrates

A client who had a suprapubic prostatectomy returns from the postanesthesia care unit and accidently pulls out the urethral catheter. What should the nurse do first? A. Reinsert a new catheter B. Notify the health care provider C. Check for bleeding by irrigating the suprapubic tube D. Take no immediate action if the suprapubic tube is draining

B. Notify the health care provider

The intensive care nurse is caring for a patient who just received a kidney transplant from related donor. The nurse notices hypotension and excessive diuresis, 1000 mL greater than intake over the past 12 hours. At this point, what is the primary concept that affects graft survival? A. Infection B. Perfusion C. Elimination D. Cellular regulation

B. Perfusion

The nurse is caring for a patient who has kidney transplant surgery 3 days ago. The nurse notes sudden and abrupt decrease in urine. The nurse alerts the health care provider for suspected thrombosis, What is the priority concept that under lies this complication? A. Infection B. Perfusion C. Elimination D. Cellular regulation

B. Perfusion

A patient with chronic kidney disease is restless, anxious, and short of breath. The nurse hears crackles that begin at the base of the lungs. The pulse rate is increased and the patient has frothy, blood-tinged sputum. What does the nurse do first? A. Facilitate transfer to intensive care for aggressive treatment B. Place the patient is a high-Fowler's position C. Continue to monitor vital signs and assess breath sounds D. Administer a loop diuretic such as furosemide

B. Place the patient is a high-Fowler's position

What should the nurse do when caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis? A. Maintain the client in the supine position during the procedure B. Position the client from side to side if fluid is not draining adequately C. Remove the cannula at the end of the procedure and apply a dry, sterile dressing D. Notify the health care provider if there is a deficit of 200 mL in the drainage return

B. Position the client from side to side if fluid is not draining adequately

The nurse is talking to an older adult male patient who is reasonably healthy for his age, but has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which condition does the BPH potentially place him at risk for? A. Prerenal acute kidney injury B. Postrenal acute kidney injury C. Polycystic kidney disease D. Acute glomerulonephritis

B. Postrenal acute kidney injury

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results from a patient being evaluated for lower urinary tract symptoms. What does an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and serum acid phosphatase level in this patient indicate? A. Infection B. Prostate cancer C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia D. Infertility

B. Prostate cancer

The health care provider tells the nurse that the patient needs testing for prostatitis. Which specimen needs to be obtained and sent to the laboratory? A. Blood sample for serum creatinine B. Prostatic fluid for culture and sensitivity C. Semen sample to test for sperm count D. Blood sample for prostate specific antigen

B. Prostatic fluid for culture and sensitivity

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney failure. What should the nurse teach the client to limit the intake of to help control uremia associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)? A. Fluid B. Protein C. Sodium D. Potassium

B. Protein

The nurse requests a dietary consult to address the patient's high rate of catabolism. Which nutritional element is directly related to this metabolic process? A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Liquids D. Fats

B. Proteins

The nurse is giving instructions to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) about hygienic care for an older adult patient who is uncircumcised. What does the nurse instruct the UAP to do? A. Defer cleaning the penis because of patient embarrassment B. Replace the foreskin over the penis after bathing C. Observe the penis and the foreskin for redness or odor D. Avoid touching the foreskin because of hypersensitivity

B. Replace the foreskin over the penis after bathing

A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation. Which is the most important nursing action? A. Monitoring urinary specific gravity to determine hydration B. Subtracting irrigant from output to determine urine volume C. Recording urinary output every hour to determine kidney function D. Obtaining a 24-hour urine specimen to determine urine concentration

B. Subtracting irrigant from output to determine urine volume

Which sign/symptom is associated with advanced prostate cancer? A. Difficulty starting urination B. Swollen lymph nodes C. Frequent bladder infections D. Erectile dysfunction

B. Swollen lymph nodes

The nurse is assessing a patient's extremity with an arteriovenous graft. The nurse notes a thrill and a bruit, and the patient reports numbness and a cool feeling in the fingers. How does the nurse interpret this information with regards to the graft? A. The graft is functional and these symptoms are expected B. The patient has "steal syndrome" and may need surgical intervention C. The graft is patent, but the blood is flowing in the wrong direction D. The patient needs to increase active use of hands and fingers

B. The patient has "steal syndrome" and may need surgical intervention

A patient tells the nurse that he was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Based on this diagnosis, which symptom is the patient most likely to report? A. Pain in the scrotum B. Trouble passing urine C. Erectile dysfunction D. Constipation

B. Trouble passing urine

Patients with diabetes or hypertension should be encouraged to have which tests annually? A. Glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis, and urine osmolarity B. Urine albumin-to creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen C. Urine specific gravity, albumin-creatinine ration, and electrolytes D. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine sodium, and kidney ultrasound

B. Urine albumin-to creatinine ration, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen

A client with acute kidney failure states, "Why am I twitching and my fingers and toes tingling?" The nurse should respond, "This is caused by: A. acidosis" B. calcium depletion" C. potassium retention" D. sodium chloride depletion"

B. calcium depletion"

The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking finasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. What question would the nurse ask to determine if the medication is having the desired therapeutic effect? A. "Have you had any discharge from your penis?" B. "Has your libido returned to the way it was before?" C. "Are you having any problems with urination?" D. "Have you gotten any relief from the testicular pain?"

C. "Are you having any problems with urination?"

The nurse is talking to a group of healthy young athletes about maintaining good kidney health and preventing acute kidney injury. Which health promotion point is the nurse most likely to emphasize with this group? A. "Have your blood pressure checked regularly" B. "Find out if you have a family history of diabetes" C. "Avoid dehydration by drinking at least 2 to 3 L of water daily" D. "Have annual testing for protein and glucose in urine"

C. "Avoid dehydration by drinking at least 2 to 3 L of water daily"

A patient's laboratory results show an elevated creatinine level. The patient's history reveals no risk factors for kidney disease. Which question does the nurse ask the patient to shed further light on the laboratory result? A. "How many hours of sleep did you get the night before the test?" B. "How much fluid did you drink before the test?" C. "Did you take any type of antibiotics before taking the test?" D. "When and how much did you last urinate before having the test?"

C. "Did you take any type of antibiotics before taking the test?"

The nurse reads in the patient's chart that the patient had a transurethral needle ablation. Which question would the nurse ask the patient to determine if the procedure achieved the intended therapeutic goal? A. "Did the pain resolve completely after the procedure?" B. "Are you able to achieve and sustain an erection?" C. "Have your problems with urination been resolved?" D. "Have you had a follow-up prostate-specific antigen level?"

C. "Have your problems with urination been resolved?"

The nurse is talking to a patient who had the relatively new procedure, prostate artery embolization. Which patient report indicates that the intended goal of therapy has been met? A. "My problem with ejaculation is much better" B. "I used the sperm bank and now I'm less anxious" C. "I am not having any more urinary symptoms" D. "My doctor said the prostate-specific antigen was good"

C. "I am not having any more urinary symptoms"

The nurse is talking with an older patient who has benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which report by the patient requires emergent care? A. "I leak and dribble urine." B. "I have to get up at night to pee." C. "I can't pass my urine today." D. "I am passing dark yellow urine."

C. "I can't pass my urine today."

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease. The family asks about when renal replacement therapy will begin. What is the nurse's best response? A. "As early as possible to prevent further damage in stage 1" B. "When there is reduced kidney function and metabolic wastes accumulate" C. "When the kidneys are unable to maintain a balance in body functions" D. "It will be started with diuretic therapy to enhance the remaining function"

C. "When the kidneys are unable to maintain a balance in body functions"

A client has had a needle biopsy of the prostate gland using the transrectal approach. Which statement is most important to include in the client teaching plan? A. "The health care provider will call you about the test results" B. "Serious infections may occur as a complication of this test" C. "You will need to call the health care provider if you develop fever or chills" D. "It is normal to have a small amount of rectal bleeding after the test"

C. "You will need to call the health care provider if you develop fever or chills"

The home health nurse reads in the patient's chart that the patient has asymptomatic bacterial urinary tract infection. Which intervention will the nurse performed?

Closely monitor for conditions that cause progression to acute infection.

For a patient who needs an indwelling catheter for at least two weeks, which intervention would help reduce the bacterial colonization along the catheter?

Consider the use of a coated catheter.

A male college student comes to the clinic reporting burning or difficulty with urination and a discharge from the urethral meatus. Based on the patient's chief complaint, what is the most logical question for the nurse to ask about the patient's past medical history?

Could you have been exposed to a sexually transmitted disease?

A patient has UTI symptoms but there are no bacteria in the urine. The healthcare provider suspects interstitial cystitis. The nurse prepares patient teaching materials for which diagnostic test?

Cystoscopy.

The nursing student is explaining principles of hemodialysis to the nursing instructor. Which statements by the student indicates a need for additional study and research on the topic? A. "Dialysis works as molecules from an area of higher concentration move to an area of lower concentration" B. "Blood and dialyzing solution flow in opposite directions across an enclosed semipermeable membrane" C. "Excess water, waste products, and excess electrolytes are removed from the blood" D. "Bacteria and other organisms can also pass through the membrane, so the dialysate must be kept sterile"

D. "Bacteria and other organisms can also pass through the membrane, so the dialysate must be kept sterile"

A student nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney failure who is to be treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Which statement by the student nurse indicates to the primary nurse that the student nurse understands the purpose of this therapy? A. "It provides continuous contact of dialyzer and blood to clear toxins by ultrafiltration" B. "It exchanges and cleanses blood by correction of electrolytes and excretion of creatinine" C. "It decreases the need for immobility because it clears toxins in short and intermittent periods" D. "It uses the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane to clear toxins by osmosis and diffusion"

D. "It uses the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane to clear toxins by osmosis and diffusion"

A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia has a new prescription for tamsulosin. Which statement about tamsulosin is most important to include when teaching this client? A. "This medication will improve your symptoms by shrinking the prostate" B. "The force of your urinary stream will probably increase" C. "Your blood pressure might decrease as a result of taking this medication" D. "You should avoid sitting up or standing up too quickly"

D. "You should avoid sitting up or standing up too quickly"

Which man has the highest risk for prostate cancer? A. A 65-year-old Caucasian American man who has two cousins with prostate cancer B. A 45-year-old Asian American man with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia C. A 55-year-old Hispanic American man who has poor dietary practices D. A 75-year-old African American man whose brother had prostate cancer

D. A 75-year-old African American man whose brother had prostate cancer

A client with acute kidney failure becomes confused and irritable. Which does the nurse determine is the most likely cause of this behavior? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypernatremia C. A limited fluid intake D. An increased blood urea nitrogen level

D. An increased blood urea nitrogen level

The nurse is caring for a patient with an arteriovenous fistula. What instructions are given to unlicensed assistive personnel regarding the care of this patient? A. Palpate for thrills and auscultate for bruits every 4 hours B. Check for bleeding at needle insertion site C. Assess patient's distal pulses and circulation D. Avoid taking blood pressure readings in the arm with the fistula

D. Avoid taking blood pressure readings in the arm with the fistula

The nurse is assessing a patient who has just returned from hemodialysis. Which assessment finding is cause for greatest concern? A. Feeling of malaise B. Headache C. Muscle cramps in the legs D. Bleeding at the access site

D. Bleeding at the access site

A patient has acute kidney injury related to nephrotoxins. To improve glomerular filtration rate and improve blood flow to the kidneys, which type of medication does the nurse anticipate the health care provider will prescribe? A. Loop diuretics B. Phosphate binders C. Erythropoietin stimulating agents D. Calcium channel blockers

D. Calcium channel blockers

The nurse is using the International Prostate Symptom Score to assess a patient. Which data does the nurse intend to obtain through the use of this assessment tool? A. Patient's attitudes and beliefs about prostate surgery B. Pattern of growth of prostate and correlation with symptoms C. Data in aggregate that can be used for prostate research D. Effect of urinary symptoms on the quality of life

D. Effect of urinary symptoms on the quality of life

A patient is prescribed leuprolide, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, for treatment of a prostate tumor. What possible side effect of this medication does the nurse advise the patient about? A. Nipple discharge B. Scrotal enlargment C. Fragility of the skin D. Erectile dysfunction

D. Erectile dysfunction

The nurse is caring for the kidney transplant patient in the immediate postoperative period. During this initial period, the nurse will assess the urine output at least every hour for how many hours? A. First 8 hours B. First 12 hours C. First 24 hours D. First 48 hours

D. First 48 hours

The nurse is caring for an older patient who had an indwelling urinary catheter inserted after a transurethral resection of the prostate. The patient is intermittently confused, and picks at the IV tubing and the catheter. What should the nurse try first? A. Obtain an order to restrain the patient's hands and forearms B. Sedate the patient until the IV tube and catheter can be removed C. Inform the family that a family member will have to sit by the patient D. Give the patient a familiar object to hold, such as a family picture

D. Give the patient a familiar object to hold, such as a family picture

The nurse is taking a history on a patient with diabetes and hypertension. Because of the patient's high risk for developing kidney problems, which early sign of chronic kidney disease does the nurse assess for? A. Decreased output with subjective thirst B. Urinary frequency of very small amounts C. Pink or blood-tinged urine D. Increased output of very dilute urine

D. Increased output of very dilute urine

The nurse is preparing to assess an obese patient who reports subjective symptoms and urinary patterns associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which technique does the nurse use to preform the physical assessment? A. Instruct the patient to undress from the waist down, then inspect and palpate the bladder B. Have the patient drink several large glasses of water and percuss the bladder C. Apply gentle pressure to the bladder to elicit urgency, then instruct the patient to void D. Instruct the patient to void and then use the bedside ultrasound bladder scanner

D. Instruct the patient to void and then use the bedside ultrasound bladder scanner

A patient had a transurethral resection of the prostate and has a three-way urinary catheter taped to the left thigh. What does the nurse instruct about the position of the left leg? A. Maintain slight abduction B. Maintain slight flexion of the hip C. Keep the leg elevated D. Keep the leg straight

D. Keep the leg straight

A patient with acute kidney injury has a poor appetite. What would the health care team try first? A. Parenteral nutrition (PN or hyperalimentation) B. Familiar comfort foods brought by the family C. Nasogastric tube enteral liquids for kidney patients D. Oral supplements designed for kidney patients

D. Oral supplements designed for kidney patients

An older adult patient had a transurethral resection of the prostate at 0800. At 1500, the nurse assess the patient. Which findings does the nurse report to the health care provider? A. Patient reports a continuous urge to void B. Patient keeps attempting to void around catheter C. Patient wants to get out of bed D. Patient keeps moving and ketchup-like urine output is noted

D. Patient keeps moving and ketchup-like urine output is noted

Which patient with kidney problems is the best candidate for peritoneal dialysis? A. Patient with peritoneal adhesions B. Patient with a history of extensive abdominal surgery C. Patient with peritoneal membrane fibrosis D. Patient with a history of difficulty with anticoagulants

D. Patient with a history of difficulty with anticoagulants

Patients who have central nervous system lesions from stroke, multiple sclerosis, or parasacral spinal cord lesions may have which type of urinary incontinence?

Detrusor hyperreflexia.

Several patients at the clinic have just been diagnosed with UTIs. Which patients may need longer antibiotic treatment, 7 to 21 days, or different agents than the typical first-line medications?

Diabetic patient. Immunosuppressed patient. Pregnant patient.

A young woman tells the nurse that she gets frequent UTIs that seem to follow sexual intercourse. Which questions with the nurse ask?

Do you use a diaphragm or spermicides for contraception? Do you or your partner wash the perineal area before intercourse? Some positions cause more irritation during sex. Have you noticed this?

The nurse is teaching a patient with urge incontinence about dietary modifications. What is the best information the nurse gives to the patient about fluid intake?

Drink 120 mL every hour or 240 mL every two hours and limit fluids after dinner.

The nurse is teaching self-care measures to a patient who had lithotripsy for kidney stones. What information does the nurse include?

Finish the entire prescription of antibiotics to prevent UTIs. Balance regular exercise with sleep and rest. Drink at least 3 L of fluid a day. Urine may be bloody for several days.

which statement by patient indicates effective coping with a Kock's pouch?

I check the pouch every 2 to 3 hours depending on my fluid and diet.

The nurse is evaluating outcome criteria for a patient being treated for urge incontinence. Which statement indicates the treatment has been successful?

I had trouble at first, but now I go to the toilet every three hours.

The nurse hears a report that the patient is being treated for a fungal UTI. In addition to performing routine care and assessments, the nurse is extra vigilant for signs and symptoms of which systemic disorder that may underlie the fungal UTI?

Immune system compromise.

A patient is returning from the postanesthesia care unit after surgery for bladder cancer resulting in a cutaneous ureter ostomy. Where does the nurse expect the stoma to be located?

In the mid-abdominal area.

A patient with urinary incontinence is prescribed oxybutynin, Ditropan. what precautions or instructions does the nurse provide related to this therapy?

Increase fluids and dietary fiber intake.

A patient reports intense urgency, frequency, and bladder pain. Urinalysis results show white blood cells and red blood cells and urine culture results are negative for infection. How does the nurse interpret these findings?

Interstitial cystitis.

The cystoscopy results for a patient include a small capacity bladder, the presence of Hunner's ulcers, and small hemorrhages after bladder distention. How does the nurse interpret this report?

Interstitial cystitis.

The home health nurse is assessing an older adult patient who refuses to leave the house to see friends or participate in usual activities. She reports taking a bath several times a day and becomes very upset when she has an incontinent episode. What is the priority problem for this patient?

Negative self-image.

the advanced practice nurse is performing a digital rectal exam and notes that the rectal sphincter contracts on digital insertion. How does the nurse interpret this finding?

Nerve supply to the bladder is most likely intact.

The nurse is caring for an obese older adult patient with dementia. The patient is alert and ambulatory, but has functional incontinence. Which nursing intervention is best for this patient?

Offer assistance with toileting every two hours.

Which group has the highest prevalence of urinary tract infections?

Older women.

The nurse is talking to a 68-year-old male patient who has lifestyle choices and occupational exposure that put him at high risk for bladder cancer. The nurse is most concerned about which urinary characteristic?

Painless hematuria.

Which clinical manifestation indicates to the nurse that interventions for the patient's renal colic are effective?

Patient reports that pain is relieved.

Which patient with incontinence is most likely to benefit from a surgical intervention?

Patient with reflex, overflow, incontinence caused by obstruction.

Which task related to care of patients who have indwelling catheters can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel?

Perform daily catheter care by washing the perineum and proximal portion of the catheter with soap and water.

The healthcare provider has recommended intermittent self catheterization for a patient with long-term problems of incomplete bladder emptying. Which information does the nurse give the patient about the procedure?

Perform proper hand washing and cleaning of the catheter to reduce the risk for infection.

A patient has been started on oxybutynin, Ditropan, for urinary incontinence. What is the major action of this medication?

Relaxes bladder muscles.

A patient with a history of kidney stones presents with severe flank pain, nausea, vomiting, pallor, and diaphoresis. He reports freely passing urine, but it is bloody. A priority for nursing care is to monitor for which patient problem?

Severe pain.

The patient received an antibiotic prescription several hours ago and has started the medication, but requests "some relief from the burning." What comfort measures that the nurse suggested the patient?

Sit in a sitz bath and urinate into the warm water.

The nurse is reviewing a care plan for a patient who has functional incontinence. There is a note that containment is recommended, especially at night. What is the major concern with this approach?

Skin integrity.

A middle-aged woman has urinary stress incontinence related to weak pelvic muscles. The patient is highly motivated to participate in self-care. Which interventions does the nurse include in the treatment plan?

Suggest keeping a detailed diary of urine leakage, activities, and foods eaten. Suggest wearing absorbent undergarments during the assessment process. Teach pelvic floor, Kegel, exercise therapy. Teach about vaginal cone therapy. Referr to a nutritionist for diet therapy for weight reduction.

A patient has agreed to try a bladder training program. What is the priority nursing intervention in starting this therapy?

Teach the patient how to be alert, aware, and able to resist the urge to urinate.

The nurse is designing a habit training bladder program for an older adult patient who is alert but mildly confused. What task associated with the training program is delegated to the UAP?

Tell the patient it is time to go to the toilet and assist him to go on a regular schedule.

A patient reports symptoms indicating a UTI. Results from which diagnostic test will verify a UTI?

Urinalysis to test for leukocyte esterase and nitrate.

Which urine characteristics suggest that the patient is drinking a sufficient amount of fluid?

Urine is a pale yellow color.

A patient reports severe flank pain. The report indicates that urine is turbid, malodorous, and rust colored; rbc's, WBCs, and bacteria are present; and microscopic analysis shows crystals. What does this data suggests?

Urolithiasis And infection.

A 53-year-old patient is newly diagnosed with renal artery stenosis. What clinical manifestation is the nurse most likely to observe when the patient first seeks health care? a. Sudden onset of hypertension b. Urinary frequency and dysuria c. Nausea and vomiting d. Flank pain and hematuria

a

A patient ahs had one kidney removed as a treatment for kidney cancer. the patient spouse asks, "Does the good kidney take over immediately? I know a person can live with just one kidney." What is the nurse's best response? a. "The other kidney will provide adequate function, but this may take days or weeks" b "The other kidney alone isn't able to provide adequate function so supplemental therapies will be needed" c. "That's a good question. Remember to ask your doctor next time he or she comes in" d "It varies a lot, but within a few days we expect every to normalize"

a

A patient had a cystoscopy. After the procedure, what does the nurse expect to see in this patient? a. Pink-tinged urine b. Blood urine c. Very dilute urine d. Decreased urine output

a

A patient had a nephrostomy and a nephrostomy tube is in place. what is included in the postoperative care of this patient? a. Assess the amount of drainage in the collection bag b. Irrigate the tube to ensure patency c. Keep the patient NPO for 6 to 8 hours d. Review the results fo the clotting studies

a

A patient has come to the clinic for follow-up of acute pyelonephritis. Which action does the nurse reinforce to the patient? a. Complete all antibiotic regimens b. Report episode of nocturia c. Stop taking the antibiotic when pain is relieved d. Avoid taking any over-the-counter drugs

a

A patient is admitted for acute glomerulonephritis. In reviewing the patient's past medical history, which systemic conditions does the nurse suspect may have caused acute glomerulonephritis and will include in the overall plan of care? a. Systemic lupus erythematosus and diabetic nephropathy b. Myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation c. Ischemic stroke and hemiparesis d. Blunt trauma to the kidney with hematuria

a

A patient is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. which screening recommendation does the nurse give to the patient regarding the early detection of diabetic kidney disease? a. Urine should be tested annually for protein and microalbuminuria b. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine should test within 5 years c. Urine should be tested within 5 years for protein and microalbuminuria d. Urine should be tested annually for protein, glucose, and blood

a

A patient is scheduled for a CT with iodinated contrast medium. Which medication is discontinued 24 hours before the procedure and for at least 48 hours until kidney function has been reevaluated? a. Glucophage (Metformin) b. Morphine (MS Contin) c. Furosemide (Lasix) d. Oral acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

a

A patient reports straining to pass very small amounts of urine today, despite a normal fluid intake, and reports having the urge to urinate. The nurse palpates the bladder and finds that it is distended. which condition is most likely to be associated with these findings? a. urethral stricture b. Hydroureter c. Hydronephrosis d. PKD

a

A patient with PKD has nocturia. What does the nurse encourage the patient to do? a. Drink at least 2 litres of fluid daily b. restrict fluid in the evening c. Drink 1000 mL early in the morning d. add a pinch of salt to water in the evenings

a

A patient with PKD usually experience constipation. What does the nurse recommend? a. Increased dietary fiber and increased fluids b. Decreased dietary fiber and laxatives c. Daily laxatives and increased exercise d. Tap-water enemas and fiber supplements

a

A patient with acute glomerulonephritis is required to provide a 24-hour urine specimen. What does the nurse expect to see when looking at the specimen? a. Smoke or cola-colored urine b. Clear and very dilute urine c. Urine that is full of pus and very thick d. Bright orange-colored urine

a

For the patient with PKD which antihypertensive medication may be used because it helps control the cell growth aspects of PKD and reduce microalbuminuria? a. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors b. Beta blockers c. Calcium channel blockers d. Vasodilators

a

Impairment in the thirst mechanisms associated with aging makes an older adult patient more vulnerable to which disorder? a. Hypernatremia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hyperkalemia d. Hypoglycemia

a

Limiting fluid intake would have what effect on urine? a. Increases the concentration of urine b. Makes the urine less irritating c. Decreases the risk for urine infection d. decreases the pH of urine

a

Mastering voluntary micturtition is a normal developmental task for which person? a. a healthy 20-month-old toddler b. a 56-year-old women with stress incontinence c. a healthy 8-year-old child d. a 25-year-old with a spinal cord injury

a

The health care team is using a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to design a treatment plan for a patient with PKD. What is the top priority? a. Controlling hypertension b. Preventing rupture of cysts c. Providing genetic counseling d. Identifying community resources

a

The nurse hears in report that the patient is having renal colic pain. Whne performing the physical assessment of this patient during a severe pain episode, what additional sign/symptoms may the nurse expect to observe? a. Diaphoresis b. Redness over the flank c. Jaundice d. Bruit in the renal artery

a

The nurse is assessing a patient for bladder distention. What technique does the nurse use? a. Gently palpate for the outline of the bladder, percuss the lower abdomen, continue toward the umbilicus until dull sounds are no longer produced b. gently palpate for the outline of the bladder, auscultate for sounds in the lower abdomen c. Place one hand under the back and palpate with the other hand over the bladder, percuss the lower abdomen until tympanic sounds are no longer produced. d. Use the hand to depress the bladder as the patient takes a deep breath, then percuss

a

The nurse is caring for the patient with kidney cell carcinoma. What does the nurse expect to find documented about the patient initial assessment? a. Flank pain, gross hematuria, palpable kidney mass, and renal bruit b. Gross hematuria, hypertension, diabetes, and oliguria c. Dysuria, polyuria, dehydration, and palpable kidney mass d. Nocturia and urinary retention with difficulty starting stream

a

The nurse is review ABG results of a patient with acute glomerulonephritis. the pH of the same is 7.35. As acidosis is likely to be present because of hydrogen ion retention and loss of bicarbonate, how does the nurse interpret this data? a. Normal pH with respiratory compensation b. Acidosis with failure of respiratory compensation c. Alkalosis with failure of metabolic compensation d. Normal pH with metabolic compensation

a

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. the serum albumin level is low. What else does the nurse expect to see? a. Proteinuria b. Elevate haematocrit c. High specific gravity d. Low white blood cell count

a

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. The phosphorus level is 5.3 mg/dL. What else does the nurse expect to see? a. Serum calcium level below the normal range b. Serum potassium level below the normal range c. Falsely elevated serum sodium level d. Elevate serum levels for all other electrolytes

a

The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient ultrasound of the kidney. The report reveals an enlarged kidney which suggests which possible problem? a. Polycystic kidney b. Kdienyinfection c. Renal carcinoma d. Chronic kidney disease

a

The nurse performs a dipstick urine test for a patient being evaluated for kidney problems. Glucose is present in the urine. How does the nurse interpret this result? a. Blood glucose level is greater than 220 mg/dL b. The kidneys are failing to filter any glucose c. The patient is at risk for hypoglycemia d. The renal threshold has not been exceeded

a

The off-going nurse is giving shift report to the oncoming nurse about the care of a patient who had a nephrostomy tube placed 3 days ago and it is to remain in place until the urinary obstruction is resolved. What is the most important point to clearly communicate about the urine drainage? a. "Urine is draining only into the collection bag, not the bladder; therefore the minimum expected drainage is 30 mL/hr" b. "For the first 24 hours postoperatively, the amount of urinary drainage was assessed every hour." c. "The surgeon placed ureteral tubes so all the urine may pass through the bladder or all of the urine might go directly into the collection bag" d "The nephrostomy site has not been leaking any blood or urine and you should continue to monitor the site for leakage"

a

What does the BUN test measure? a. Kidney excretion of urea nitrogen b. Urine osmolality c. Creatinine clearance d. Urine utput

a

Which clinical manifestation in a patient with an obstruction in the urinary system is associated specifically with a hydronephrosis? a. Flank asymmetry b. Chills and fever c. Urge incontinence d. Decreased urine volume

a

Which data indicates that the patient with diabetes is achieving the goals of care to prevent the development of microalbuminuria and delay the progression to end-stage kidney disease? a. A1C <7%, BP is 125/75 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol is 90 mg/dL b. A1C >7%, BP is 140/80 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol is 200 mg/dL c. A1C <7%, BP is 130/80 mm Hg with proteinuria 2.0 g/24 hours d. A1C >7%, BP is 120/70 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol is 300 mg/dL

a

Which patient is most likely to have a decreased calcium level? a. Patients with kidney disease b. Patients with cystitis c. Patients with a Foley catheter d. Patients with urinary retention

a

Which patient is most likely to produce urine with a specific gravity of less than 1.005? a. Takes diuretic medication everyday b. Has dehydration secondary to vomiting c. Is hypovolemic due to blood loss d. Has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic horome

a

Which renal change associated with aging does the nurse expect an older adult patient to report a. Nocturanl polyuria b. Micturition c. Hematuria d. Dysuria

a

Which urine characteristic listed on a urinalysis report arouses the nurses suspicion of a problem in the urinary tract? a. Cloudiness b. Straw color c. Ammonia odor d. One cast per high-powered field

a

Why may a patient with PKD experience constipation? a. Polycystic kidneys enlarge and put pressure on the large intestine b. patient becomes dehydrated because the kidneys are dysfunctional c. Constipation is a side effect from the medication given to treat PKD d. Patients with PKD have special dietary restrictions that cause constipation

a

an elderly patient has been in bed for several days after a fall. The nurse encourages ambulation to stimulate the movemnt of urine through the ureter by what phenomenon? a. Peristalsis b. Gravity c. Pelvic pressure d. Back flow

a

the nurse is talking to a group of older women about changes in the urinary system related to aging. what symptoms is likely to be the common concern for this group? a. Incontinence b. Hematuria c. Retention d. Dysuria

a

Which diagnostic tests and results does the nurse expect to see with acute glomerulonephritis? (SATA) a. Urinalysis revealing hematuria b. Urinalysis revealing proteinuria c. Microscopic red blood cell casts d. Serum albumin levels increased e. serum potassium decreased

abc

A patient is brought to the ED after being involved in a fight in which the patient was kicked and punched repeatedly in the back. What does the nurses include in the initial physical assessment? (SATA) a. Take complete vital signs b. Check apical and peripheral pulses c. Inspect both flanks for asymmetry or penetrating injuries fo the lower chest or back d. Inspect the abdomen for bruising or penetrating wound e. Deeply palpate the abdomen for signs of rigidity f. Inspect the urethra for gross bleeding

abcdf

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a patient with PKD. Which topics does the nurse include? (SATA) a. Teach how to measure and record blood pressure b. Assist to develop a schedule for self-administering drugs c. Instruct to take and record weight twice a month d. Explain the potential side effects of the drugs e. Review high-protein, low-fat diet plan.

abd

What laboratory values would the nurse interpret for a patient experiencing problems with urinary elimination as a result of acute pyelonephritis? (SATA) a. Observe complete blood count for elevation of differentials b. Observe for elevation of BUN nd serum creatinine levels c. Observe for electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia d. Observe arterial blood gases for alkalosis and respiratory compensation e. Observe urinalysis for baceria, leukocyte esterase, nitrate, or red blood cells

abe

the nurse is taking a history on a patient with a change in urinary patterns. in additon to medical and surgical history, what does the nurse ask the patient about to complete the assessment? (SATA) a. Occupation exposure to toxins b. Use of illicit substances, such as cocaine c. Financial resources for payment of treatments d. Likelihood of complying with treatment recommendations e. Recent travel to geographic regions that pose infectious disease risks

abe

The nurse is interviewing a patient with suspected PKD. What questions does the nurse ask the patient? (SATA) a. "Is there any family history of PKD or kidney disease?" b. "Do you have a history of sexually transmitted disease?" c. "Have you had any constipation or abdominal discomfort? d. "Have you noticed a change in urine color or frequency?" e. "Have you had any problems with headaches?" f. "Is there a family history of sudden death from a myocardial infarction?"

acde

Kidney tissue changes in chronic glomerulonephritis are caused by which factors? (SATA) a. Ischemia b. Fluid overload c. Hypertension d. Obstruction e. Infection

ace

A patient had a renal scan. What is included in the postprocedural care for this patient? a. Administer laxatives to cleanse the bowel b. Encourage oral fluids to assist excretion of isotope c. Administer captopril (Capoten) to increase blood flow d. Insert a urinary catheter to measure urine output

b

A patient has chronic glomerulonephritis. In order to assess for uremic symptoms, what does the nurse do? a. Evaluate the BUN b. Ask the patient to extend the arms and hyperextend the wrists c. Gently palpate the flank for asymmetry and tenderness d. Auscultate for the presence of an S3 heart sound

b

A patient has late-stage chronic glomerulonephritis. Which educational brochure would be the most appropriate to prepare for the patient? a. "How to Take Yoru Antiinfective Medications" b. "Important Points to Know about Dialysis" c. "What Are the Side Effects of Radiation Therapy?" d. "Precautions to Take During Immunosuppressive Therapy"

b

A patient has sustained a minor kidney injury. Which structure must remain functional in order to form urine from blood? a. Medulla b. Nephron C. calyx d. capsule

b

A patient has undergone a kidney biopsy. what does the nurse monitor for in the patient related to this procedure? a. Nephrotoxicity b. Hemorrhage c. Urinary retention d. Hypertension

b

A patient is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. the patients spouse reports that the patient is irritable, forgetful, and has trouble concentrating. Which assessment finding does the nurse expect on further examination? a. Increased respiratory rate b. Elevated blood urea nitrogen c. High white count with a left shift d. Low blood pressure and bradycardia

b

A patient is diagnosed with kidney cancer and the health care provider recommends the best therapy. which treatment does the nurse anticipate teaching the patient about? a. Chemotherapy b. Surgical removal c. Hormonal therapy d. Radiation therapy

b

A patient is diagnosed with renal artery stenosis. Which sound does the nurse expect to hear by auscultation when a bruit is present in a renal artery? a. Quiet, pulsating sound b. Swishing sound c. Faint wheezing d. NO sound at all

b

A patient returns to the unit after a renal scan. Which instruction about the patient urine does the nurse give to the UAP caring for the patient? a. It is radioactive, so it should be handled with special biohazard precautions b. It does not place anyone at risk because of the small amount of radioactive material c. its radioactivity is dangerous only to those who are pregnant d. it is potentially dangerous if allowed to sit for prolonged periods in the command

b

A patient with PKD reports sharp flank pain followed by blood in the urine. How does the nurse interpret these signs.symptoms? a. Infection b. Ruptured cyst c. Increased kidney size d. Ruptured renal artery aneurysm

b

A patient with diabetic nephropathy reports having frequent hypoglycemic episodes "so my doctor reduced my insulin, which means my diabetes is improving." What is the nurse's best response? a. "Congratulations! You must be following the diet and lifestyle instructions very carefully" b. "When kidney function is reduced, the insulin is available for a longer time and thus less of it is needed" c. "You should probably talk to your doctor again. You have been diagnosed with nephropathy and that changes the situation" d "Let me get you a brochure about the relationship of diabetes and kidney disease. it is a complex topic and hard to understand"

b

After a nephrectomy, one adrenal gland remains. Based on this knowledge , which type of medication replacement therapy does the nurse expect if the remaining adrenal gland function is insufficient? a. Potassium b. Steroid c. Calcium d. Estrogen

b

After the nurse instructs a patient with PKD on home care, the patient knows to contact the health care provider immediately when what sign/symptoms occur? a. Urine is a clear, pale yellow color b. Weight has increased by 3 pounds in 2 days c. Two days have passed since the last bowel movement d. Morning systolic blood pressure has decreased by 5 mmHg.

b

An older adult male patient has a history of an enlarged prostate. the patient is most liekly to report which symptoms associated with this condition? a. Inability to sense the urge to void b. Difficulty starting the urine stream c. Excreting large amounts of very dilute urine d. Burning sensation when urinating

b

Damage to which renal structure or tissues can change the acutal production of urine? a. kidney parenchyma b. convulted tubules c. calyces d. ureters

b

During the day, the nursing student is measuring urine output and observing for urine characteristics in a patient. Which abnormal finding is the most urgent, which must be reported to the supervising nurse? a. Specific gravity is decreased b. Output is decreased c. pH is decreased d. Color has changed

b

In PKD, the effect on the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney has which result? a. adrenal insufficiency b. increased blood pressure c. increased urine output d. Oliguria

b

In which circumstance is the regulatory role of aldosterone most important in order for the person to maintain homeostasis? a. person is having pain related to a kidney stone b. person has been hiking in the desert for several hours c. person experiences stress incontinence when coughing d. person experiences a burning sensation during urination

b

Ketones in the urine may indicate which occurrence or process? a. Increased glomerular membrane permeability b. Chronic kidney infection c. Body's use of fat for cellular energy d. Urianry tract infection

b

The health care provider informs the nurse that there is a change in orders because the patient has a decrease in creatine clearance rate. what change does the nurse anticipate? a. fluid restriction b. reduction of drug dosage c. limitation on activity level d. modification of diet

b

The nurse is assessing a patient with possible acute glomerulonephritis. During the inspection fo the hands, face, and eyelids, what is the nurse primarily observing for? a. Redness b. Edema c. Rashes d. Dryness

b

The nurse is caring for a patient with a nephrostomy. the nurse notifies the health care provider about which assessment finding? a. Urine drainage is red-tinged 4 hours post-surgery b. The amount of drainage decreases and the patient has back pain c. There is a small steady drainage for the first 4 hours postsurgery. d. The nephrostomy site looks dry and intact

b

The nurse is caring for a patient with dehydration. Which laboratory test results does the nurse anticipate to see for this patient? a. BUN and creatinine ratio stay the same b. BUN rises faster than creatinine level c. Creatinine rises faster than BUN d. BUN and creatinine have a direct relationship

b

The nurse is caring for a postoperative nephrectomy patients. the nurse notes during the first several hours of the shift a marked and steady downward trend in blood pressure. how does the nurse interpret this finding? a. Hypertension has been corrected b. Internal hemorrhage is possible c. The other kidney is failing d. This is an expected response to medication

b

The nurse is interviewing a 35-year-old women who needs evaluation for a potential kidney problem. The woman reports she has been pregant twice and has two healthy children. what would the nurse ask about health problems that occurred during pregnancy? a. "How much weight did you gain during the preganncy? b. "Were you treated for gestational diabetes?" c. "Did both of your pregnancies go to full-term? d. "Did you have a urinary catheter inserted during labor?"

b

The nurse is performing an assessment of the renal system. What is the first step in the assessment process? a. Percuss the lower abdomen; continue toward the umbilicus b. Observe the flank region for asymmetry or discoloration c. Listen for a bruit over each renal artery d. Lightly palpate the abdomen in all quadreants

b

The nurse is preparing to assess a female patients urethra prior to the insertion of a Foley catheter. In addition to gloves, which equipment does the nurse obtain to perform the initial assessment? a. Glass slide b. Good light source c. Speculum d. Cotton ball

b

The nurse is reviewing the patient's history, assessment findings, and laboratory results for a patient with suspected kidney problems. which manifestation is the main feature of nephritic syndrome? a. Flank asymmetry b. Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g of protein in 24 hours c. Serum sodium 148 mmol/L d. Serum cholesterol (total) 190 mg/dL

b

The nurse is taking a history on a 55-year-old patient who denies any serious chronic health problems Which sudden onset sign/symptoms suggests possible kidney disease in this patient? a. Weakness b. Hypertension c. Confusion d. Dysrhythmia

b

The nurse is teaching a patient scheduled for an ultrasonography. What preprocedural instruction does the nurse give the patient? a. void just before the test begins b. drink water to fill the bladder c. stop routine medications d have nothing to eat or drink after midnight

b

The nurse reads in the assessment note made by the advanced-practice nurse that the "left kidney cannot be palpated." How does the nurse interpret this notation? a. The left kidney is smaller than normal, which indicates CKD b. The left kidney is normally deeper and often cannot be palpated c. The palpation of kidneys should be repeated by another provider d. The patient is too obese for this type of examination

b

The nurse sees that an older patient has a blood osmolarity of 303 mOsm/L. Which additional assessment will the nurse make before notifying the health care provider about the laboratory results? a. Patients mental stauts b. Signs of dehydration c. Patients temeprature d. Odor of the urine

b

The nurse tells the patient that the health care provider recommends a fluid intake of at least 2 liters per day. The nurse then asks the patient to report on fluid intake over the past 24 hours to assess typical intake. The patient reports 15 ounces of coffee and 10 ounces of juice for breakfast; 10 ounces of skim milk for a midmorning snack, 12 ounces of protein shake for lunch, 1/2 liter of sports drink in the afternoon and 3 ounces of wine for dinner. After calculating the 24-hour fluid intake, what does the nurse tell the patient? a. Fluid consumptions should be increased by at least 2 more servings b. Fluid consumption is meeting the 2 liters/day recommendation c. Fluid consumption exceeds recommendation, therefore eliminate the wine d. Fluid consumption only includes liquids such as water, juice, or milk

b

The student nurse is assisting in the postoperative care of a patient who had a recent nephrectomy. The student demonstrates a reluctance to move the patient to change the linens because "the patient seems so tired." The nurse remind the student that a priority assessment for this patient is to assess for which factor? a skin breakdown on the patient back b. Blood on the linens beneath the patient c. Urinary incontinence and moisture d. The patient ability to move self in bed

b

Vitamin D is converted to its active form in the kidney. If this function fails, which electrolyte imbalance will occur? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hypernatremia d. Hypoglycemia

b

What is an advantage of a renal scan compared to a CT scan for diagnosing the perfusion, function, and structure of the kidneys? a. renal scan is more readily tolerated by elderly patients and small children b. Renal scan is preferred if the patient is allergic to iodine or has impaired kidney function c. renal scans are more likely to detect pathologic changes that CT scans do not detect d. renal scan requires less pre- and postprocedural care than CT scan

b

When patients have problems with kidneys or urinary tract, what is the most common symptoms that prompts them to seek medical attention? a. Change in the frequency or amount of urinartion b. Pain in flank or abdomen or pain when urinating c. Noticing a change in the color or odor of the urine d. Exposure to a nephrotoxic substance

b

Which ethnic group has the highest risk for kidney failure and needs special attention for patient teaching related to hypertension and sodium intake? a. caucasian American b. African Americans c. asian americans d Native Americans

b

Which factor/manifestation is primarily associated with acute pyelonephritis? a. Obstruction caused by hydroureter b. Active bacterial infection c. Decreased urine specific gravity d. Alcohol abuse

b

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and makes the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct permeable to water to maximize reabsorption and produce concentrated urine? a. Aldosterone b. Vasopressin c. Bradykinins d. Natriuretic

b

Which patient history fact is considered causative for acute glomerulonephritis? a. Urinary incontinence 6 months ago b. Strep throat 3 weeks ago c. Kidney stones 2 years ago d. Mild hypertension diagnosed 1 year ago

b

Which patient is most likely to exceed the renal threshold if there is noncompliance with the prescribed therapeutic regimen? a. Has recurrent kidney stone formation b. has type 2 diabetes mellitus c. has functional urinary incontinence d. has biliary obstruction

b

Which personal action is most likely to cause the kidenys to produce and release erythropoietin? a. person moves to a low desert area where the humidity is very low b. person moves to a high-altitude area where atmospehric oxygen is low c. Person drinks an excessive amount of fluid that resutls in fluid overload d. person eats a large high-protein meal after a rigourous exercise workout

b

the nurse is assessing a patient who reports chills, high fever, and flank pain with urinary urgency and frequency. On physical examination, the patient has costovertebral angle tenderness, pulse is 10 beats/min, and respirations are 28/min. How does the nurse interpret these findings? a. COmplcaited cystitis b. Acute pyelonephritis c. Chronic pyelonephritis d. Acute glomerulonephritis

b

the nurse is caring for a paitent who sustained major injuries in an automobile accident. Which blood pressure will result in compromised kidney function, in particualr the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? a. 150/70 mm Hg b. 70/40 mm Hg c. 80/60 mm Hg d. 140/80 mm Hg

b

the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient being evaluated for trouble with passing urine. The urinalysis shows tubular epithelial cells on microscopic examination. How does the nurse interpret this finding? a. The obstruction is resolving b. The obstruction is prolonged. c. Glomerular filtration rate is reduced d. Glomerular filtration rate is adequate

b

what is the average urine output of a healthy adult for a 24-hour period? a. 500 to 1000 mL per day b. 1500 to 2000 mL per day c. 3000 to 5000 mL per day d. 5000 to 7000 mL per day

b

A patient with PKD would exhibit which signs/symptoms? (SATA) a. Frequent urination b. Increased abdominal girth c. Hypertension d. Kidney stones e. diarrhea

bcd

The nurse is caring for patients with nephrotic syndrome. What interventions are included in the plan of care for this patient? (SATA) a. Fluid should be restricted b. Administer mid diuretics c. Assess for edema d. Administer antihypertensive medications e. Frequently assess the patient mental status

bcd

A patient has been informed by the health care provider that treatment will be needed for renal artery stenosis. The nurse prepares to teach about a variety of treatment options. What treatment swill the nurse include in the teaching plan? (SATA) a. Kidney transplant b. Hypertension control c. Balloon angioplasty d. Renal artery bypass surgery e. Synthetic blood vessel graft f. Percutaneous ultrasonic pyelolithotomy

bcde

What are the key features associated with chronic pyelonephritis? (SATA) a. Abscess formation b. Hypertension c. Inability to conserve sodium d. Decreased urine-concentrating ability, resulting in nocturia e. Tendency to develop hyperkalemia and acidosis

bcde

What might the nurse notice of the patient is experiencing problems with urinary elimination as a result of acute pyelonephritis? (SATA) a. Patient urinates large amounts of dilute urine b. Patient reports pain and burning on urination c. Patient reports back or flanks pain d. Urine is cloudy and foul smelling e. Urine may be darker or smoke or have obvious blood in it

bcde

The nurse is caring for a patient with kidney cell carcinoma who manifests paraneoplastic syndromes. What findings does the nurse expect to see in this patient? (SATA) a. Urinary tract infection b. Erythrocytosis c. Hypercalcemia d. Liver dysfunction e. Decrease sedimentation rate f. Hypertension

bcdf

The nurse is assessing a patient with a chronic kidney problem. The nurse notes that the patient has pedal edema and periorbital edema. What additional assessments will the nurse make to assess for fluid overload? (SATA) a. Obtain a urine specimen b. Compare current blood pressure to baseline c. Measure the residual urine with a bladder scanner d. Weigh the patient and compare to baseline e. Auscultate lung fields to determine if fluid is present

bde

A 22-year-old patient comes to the clinic for a wellness check-up. History reveals that the patient's parent ahs the autosomal-dominant form of PKD. Which vital sign suggests that the patient should be evaluated PKD? a. Pulse of 90 beats/min b. Temperature of 99.6F c. Blood pressure of 136/88 mm Hg d. Respiratory rate of 22/min

c

A 24-hour urine specimen is required from a patient. Which strategy is best to ensure that all the urine is collected for the full 24-hour period? a. Instruct the UAP to collect all the urine b. Put a bedpan or commode next to the bed as a reminder c. Place a sign in the bathroom reminding everyone to save urine d. Verbally remind the patient about the test

c

A patient has a urinalysis ordered. When is the best time for the nurse to collect the specimen? a. In the evening b. After a meal c. In the morning d. After a fluid bolus

c

A patient has sustained a kidney injury. In order to assist the patient to undergo the best diagnostic test to determine the extent of injury, what does the nurse do? a. Obtain a clean-catch urine specimen for urinalysis b. Give an IV fluid bolus before renal arteriography c. Give an explanation of computed tomography d. Obtain a blood sample for hemoglobin and hematocrit

c

A patient is diagnosed with interstitial nephritis. Which nursing action is relevant and specific for this patient's medical condition? a. Avoid analgesic use b. Use disposable gloves c. Monitor for fever d. Place the patient in isolation

c

A patient is newly admitted with nephrotic syndrome and has proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. What is the priority for nursing care? a. Consult the dietitian to provide adequate nutritional intake. b. Prevent urinary tract infection c. Monitor fluid volume and the patient's hydration status. d. Prepare the patient for a renal biopsy

c

A patient returning to the unit after a left radical nephrectomy for kidney cell carcinoma reports having some soreness on the right side. What does the nurse tell the patient? a. "The right kidney was reported to take over the function of both kidneys" b. "I'll call your doctor for an order to increase your pain medication" c. "The soreness is likely to be from being positioned on your right side during surgery" d "Would you like to talk with someone who had this surgery last year and now is fully recovered"

c

A patient with PKD reports a severe headache and is at risk for a berry aneurysm. What is the nurse's priority action? a. Assess the pain and give a PRN pain medication b. Reassure the patient that this is an expected aspect of the disease c. Assess for neurologic changes and check vital signs d. Monitor for hematuria and decreased urinary output

c

A patient with a history of PKD reports dull, aching flank pain and the urinalysis is negative for infection. The health care provider tells the nurse that the pain is chronic and related to enlarging kidneys compressing abdominal contents. What nursing intervention is best for this patient? a. Administer trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) b. Apply cool compresses to the abdomen or flank c. Teach methods of relaxation such as deep-breathing d. Administer around-the-clock nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

c

An older adult male patient calls the clinic because he has "not passed any urine all day long." What is the nurse's best response? a. "Try drinking several large glasses of water and waiting a few more hours." b. "If you develop flank pain or fever, then you should probably come in" c. "You could have an obstruction, so you should come in to check out" d. "I am sorry, but I Really can't comment about your problem over the phone"

c

Several patients are scheduled for testing to diagnose potential kidney problems. Which test requires a patient to have a urinary catheter inserted before the test? a. Urine stream testing b. Computed tomography c. Cystography d. Renal scan

c

The ED nurse is preparing a patient with kidney trauma for emergency surgery. What is the best task to delegate to the UAP? a. Set the automate blood pressure machine to cycle every 2 hours b. Inform the family about surgery and assist them to the surgery waiting area c. GO to the blood bank and pick up the units of packed red cells d Insert a urinary catheter if there is no gross bleeding at the urethra

c

The health care provider advises the patient that diagnostic testing is needed to identify the possible presence of a renal abscess. Which test does the nurse prepare the patient for? a. Renal arteriography b. Cystourethrogram c. Radionuclide renal scan d. Urodynamic flow studies

c

The nurse and nutritionist are evaluating the diet and nutritional therapies for a patient with kidney problems. BUN levels for this patient are tracked because of the direct relationship to the intake and metabolism of which substance? a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Protein d. Fluids

c

The nurse is assessing a patient with glomerulonephritis and notes crackles in the lung fields and neck vein distention. The patient reports mild shortness of breath. Based on these findings, what does the nurse do next? a. Check for CVA tenderness or flank pain b. Obtain a urine sample to check for proteinuria c. Assess for additional signs of fluid overload d. Alert the health care provider about the respiratory symptoms

c

The nurse is caring for the patient after a nephrectomy. The nurse notes that the urine flow was 50 mL/hr at the beginning fo the shift, but several hours later has dropped to 30 mL. What would the nurse do first? a. Notify the health care provider for an order for an IV fluid bolus b. Document the finding and continue to monitor for downward trend c. Check the drainage system for kinks or obstructions to flow d. Obtain the patient's weight and compare it to baseline

c

The nurse is determining whether a patient has a history of hypertension because of the potential for kidney problems. Which question is best to elicit this information? a. "Do you have high blood pressure?" b. "Do you take any blood pressure medications?" c. "Have you ever been told that your blood pressure was high?" d. "When was the last time you had your blood pressure checked"

c

The nurse is planning the care for several patients who are undergoing diagnostic testing. Which patient is likely to need the most time for postprocedural care? a will have a kidney, ureter, and bladder x-ray b. Needs a kidney ultrasound c. Will have a cystoscopy d. Needs urine for culture and sensitivity

c

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with PKD. Which laboratory abnormality indicates glomeruli involvement? a. Low specific gravity of urine b. bacteria in urine c. proteinuria d. Hematuria

c

The nurse is taking a nutritional history on a patient. The patient states, "I really don't drink as much water as I should." What is the nurses best response? a. "We should probably all drink more water than we do." b. "Its an easy thing to forget; just try to remember to drink more." c. "What would encourage you to drink the recommneded 2 literes per day?" d. "Id like you to read this brochure about kidney health and fluids."

c

What change in diabetes therapy may be needed for a patient who has diabetic nephropathy? a. Fluid restriction b. Decreased activity level c. Decreased insulin dosages d. Increased caloric intake

c

What does an increase in the ratio of BUN to serum creatinine indicate? a. Highly suggestive of kidney dysfunction b. definitive for kidney infection c. Suggests kidney factors causing an elevation in BUN d. Suggests nonkidney factors causing an elevation in serum creatinine

c

Which description of the autosomal-dominant form of PKD is correct? a. 25% of patients with this form of PKD develop acute kidney failure by age 30 b. The dominant form is responsive to newer gene therapy treatment c. 50% of people with this form of PKD develop kidney disease by age 50 d. most people with this form of PKD die in young adulthood

c

Which description of the recessive form of PKD is correct? a. Prognosis is better for the recessive form compared to the dominant form b. 100% of people with this form of PVD develop kidney failure around age 50 c. Most people with this form of PKD die in early childhood d. The recessive form only manifests if other kidney problems occur

c

Which diagnostic test incorpartes contrast dye, but does not place a patient at risk for nephrotoxicity? a. renal scan b. Renal angiogrpahy c. Voiding cystourethrogram d. Computed tomography

c

Which patient has the greatest risk for developing chronic pyelonephritis? a. 80-year-old woman who takes diuretics for mild heart failure b. 80-year-old man who drinks four cans of beer per day c. 36-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus who is pregnant d. 36-year-old man with diabetes insdipidus

c

Which patients narrative describes the symptoms of dysuria? a. "I have to pee all the time." b. "I have to wait before the pee starts." c. "It burns when I pee." d. "It feels like I am going to pee in my pants."

c

Which ethnic groups are most likely to develop end-stage kidney disease related to hypertension? (SATA) a. Caucasian American b. Asian American c. American Indians d. African Americans e. Hispanic American

cd

A healthy 34-year-old male with no physical complaints has a BUN of 26 mg/dL. Which questions would the nurse ask to identify nonrenal factors that could be contributing to this laboratory result? (SATA) a. "Did you drink a lot of extra fluid before the blood sample was drawn?" b. "Have you been on a severe protein- or calorie-restricted diet?" c. "Are you taking or have you recently taken any steroid medications?" d. "Have you recently experienced any physical or emotional stress?" e. "Have you noticed any blood in the stool or have you vomited any blood?"

cde

A healthy female patient has no physical symptoms, but urinalysis results reveal a protein level of >0.8 mg/dL and a white blood cell count of 4 per high-powered field. What question would the nurse ask the patient in order to assist the health care provider to correctly interpreting the urinalysis results? a. "Have you ever been treated for a urinary tract infection?" b. "Do you have a family history of cardiac or biliary disease?" c. "Are you sexually active and if so, do you use condoms?" d. "Have you recently performed any strenuous exercise?"

d

A patient appears very uncomfortable with the nurses questions about urinary functions and patterns. what is the best technique for the nurse to use to elixit relevant information and decrease the patients discomfort ? a. Defere the questions until a later time b. Direct the questions toward a family member c. Use anatomic or medical terminology d. Use the patients own terminology

d

A patient diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma that has metastasized to the lungs is considered to be in which stage of cancer? a. I b. II c. III d. IV

d

A patient has a family history of the autosomal-dominant form of PKD and ahs therefore been advised to monitor for and report symptoms. What is an early symptom of PKD? a. Headache b. Pruritus c. Edema d. Nocturia

d

A patient is scheduled for retrograde urethrography. Postprocedural care is similar to postprocedural care given for which test? a. Ultrasonography b. Computed tomography c. Renal angiogram d. Cystoscopy

d

A patient is very ill and is admitted to the intensive care unit with rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis. the nurse monitors the patient for manifestations of which organ system failure? a. Immune system b. Cardiovascular system c. Neurologic system d. Renal system

d

A patient reports flank pain and tenderness. What technique does the nurse use to assess for costovertebral angle tenderness? a. Percuss the nontender flank and assess for rebound b. Thump the CVA area with the flat surface of the hand c. Thump the CVA area with a clenched fist d. Place one palm over the CVA area, thump with other fist

d

A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has edema fo the face. the blood pressure is moderately elevated and the patient has gained 2 pounds within the past 24 hours. the patient reports fatigue and refuses to eat. what is the priority for nursing care? a. cluster care to allow rest periods for the patient b. obtain a dietary consult to plan an adequate nutritional diet c. monitor urine output with accurate intake and output amounts d. assess for signs and symptoms fo fluid volume overload

d

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) devleops anorexia nausea and vomiting, muscle cramping, and purritus. How does the nurse interepret these findings? a. Oliguria b. Azotemia c. Anuria d. Uremia

d

For a patient with acute glomerulonephritis, a 24-hour urine test was initiated nd the GFR results are pending. What are the clinical implications of the test results? a. GFR is normal; the therapy can be discontinued b. GFR is high; the patient is at risk for dehydration c. GFR is low; the patient is at risk for infection d. GFR is low; the patient is at risk for fluid overload

d

The health care provider tells the nurse that the patient with PKD has salt wasting. Which intervention is the nurse likely to sue related to nutrition therapy? a. talk to the patient about seasonings that are alternatives for salt b. help the patient select a lunch tray with low-sodium items c. Obtain an order for fluid restriction to prevent loss of sodium during urination d. Advise that a low sodium diet is not currently necessary

d

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a nephrectomy yesterday. To manage the patient's pain, what is the best plan for analgesia therapy? a. Limit narcotics because of respiratory depression b. Give an oral analgesic when the patient can eat c. Alternate parenteral and oral medications d. Give parenteral medications on a schedule

d

The nurse is taking a history on a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. What is the patient most likely to report? a history of antibiotic allergy b. intense flank pain c. poor appetite and weight loss d. occasional edema and fatigue

d

What is the common problem of hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and urethral stricture in kidney function? a. Dilute urine b. Tubular cell damage c. Dehydration d. Obstruction

d

Which abnormal finding would be associated with chronic kidney disease? a. Hematuria b. Pus in the urine c. Blood at the urethral meatus d. Decreased urine specific gravity

d

Which event is most likely to trigger renin production? a. patient particpiates in strenuous exercise b. Patient becomes anxious and nervous. c. Patient has urge to urinate during the night d. patient sustains significant blood loss

d

Which nursing intervention is applicable for a patient with acute glomerulonephritis? a. Restricting visitors who have infections b. assessing the incision site c. inspecting the vascular access d measuring weight daily

d

Which over-the-counter product used by a patient does the nurse further explore for potential impact on kideny function? a. Mouthwash with alcohol b. Fiber supplement c. Vitamin C d. Acetaminophen

d

Which pain management strategy does the nurse teach a patient who has pain from infected kidney cysts of PKD? a. Take nothing by mouth b. Increase the dose of NSAIDs c. Assume a high-Fowlers position d. Apply dry heat to the abdomen or flank

d

Place the steps of using a bedside bladder scanner in the correct order a. Select the male or female icon the bladder scanner b. Aim the scan head towards the expected location of the bladder c. Place the probe midline bout 1.5 inches above the pubic bone d. explain the purpose and what sensations to expect e. Place the ultrasound probe with gel right above the symphysis pubis f. press and release the scan button

daecbf

A patient is admitted for an elective orthopedic surgical procedure. The patient also has a personal or family history for urolithiasis. which circumstance creates the greatest risk for recurrent urolithiasis?

keeping the patient NPO for extended periods.

What does the nurse include in the care plan for a patient who had pyelolithotomy?

monitor the amount of bleeding from incisions. Strain the urine to monitor the passage of stone fragments. Encourage fluids to avoid dehydration and super saturation. Monitor changes in urine output. Administer antibiotics to eliminate or prevent infections.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for an older adult patient with an indwelling catheter. The urine culture is pending, but the urinalysis shows greater than 10 to the fifth colony forming units, and the differential WBC count shows a "left shift." How does the nurse interpret these findings?

urosepsis.