ALL Biology Terms
deoxyribose
The five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides
anticodon
a three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to a mRNA codon
lytic virus
a virus that causes cells to explode
lysogenic virus
a virus that lies dormant in the cell until triggered, then it becomes lytic
A
adenine
pathogens
agents that cause disease
methanogens
archaea that like methane
extremophiles
archaea that live in extreme conditions
thermophiles
archaea that live in extreme temperatures
halophiles
archaea that live in salt
red algae
asian jello
genus
category containing similar species
toxoplasmosis
cats and pregant people disease
lysis
cell explosion
C
cytosine
secondary compounds
defensive chemicals contained in most plants
cladogram
diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships
microspheres
droplet of a lipid, precursors to the first cells
coacervates
droplets of amino acids and sugars
slime molds
eat decaying matter
oral groove
eating mechanism of a paramecium
DNA polymerases
enzymes that add nucleotides to the exposed GCATs, and then proofread everything
DNA helicases
enzymes that break the hydrogen bonds between the GCATs
cyanobacteria
photosynthetic prokaryotes
abiotic factors
physical aspects of a habitat
green algae
plankton, seaweed
carrying capacity
population size that an environment can sustain
speciation
process by which new species form
eubacteria
prokaryotes that contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls
archaebacteria
prokaryotes that do not contain peptidoglycan
diatoms
protists with shells made of silica
primary productivity
rate of the primary producers (plants)
succession
regular progression of species replacement
anthrax
respiratory disease once found in cattle
bacillus
rod-shaped bacteria
taxonomy
science of naming and classifying
eye spot
senses sunlight in euglenas
codons
series of three bases that make an amino acid
vertebrate
something with a backbone
coccus
sphere-shaped bacteria
spirillum
spiral-shaped bacteria
vestigial structures
structures considered to be evidence of an organism's evolutionary past
homologous structures
structures that share a common ancestry
Thomas Malthus
suggested to Darwin that populations have carrying capacities
mycorrhizae
symbiotic relationship between fungus and the roots of a plant
replication forks
the areas where the double helix separates
community
the different species that live together in a habitat
biomass
the dry weight of tissues and other organic matter found in an ecosystem
Charles Lyell
wrote the Principles of Geology and taught Darwin about the changes of the Earth
Erasmus Darwin
Charles Darwin's grandfather who did selective breeding on his farm
prions
infectious proteins that have no nucleic acid; cause mad cow disease
order of classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
biotic factors
organisms living in a habitat
consumers
organisms that consume the plants
detritivores
organisms that eat organic wastes and dead bodies
producers
organisms that first capture the energy
complementary base pairs
G-C, and A-T
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
If someone cuts off their finger, their offspring wont have a finger; NOT TRUE
Primordial Soup
1920s model by Oparin and Haldane that says the oceans were filled with organic molecules, fueled by lightening and sun
age of Earth
4.5 billion years
Six Kingdoms:
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
Three Domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
natural selection
Individuals more fit to survive will pass their good traits onto their offspring
Bubble Model
Louis Lehrman model, that bubbles come from underwater volcanoes and then release into atmosphere
endosymbiosis
Lynn Margulis's theory that says mitochondria are smaller aerobes eaten by larger anaerobes
phagocytosis
Protists that throw their cytoplasm against their cell membrane in order to move; cytoplasmic streaming
messenger RNA
RNA that carries the instructions for making a protein from a gene and then delivers it to the site of translation
transfer RNA
RNA that temporarily carries a specific amino acid on one end
ecosystem
a community and all the physical aspects of its habitat
tissue
a distinct group of cells with similar structure and function
biological species
a group of natural populations that are interbreeding or that could interbreed, and are reproductively isolated from other groups
bacteriophage
a kind of virus that affects bacteria
biome
a major biological community that occurs over a large area of land
uracil
a nitrogenous base found only in RNA
capsid
a protein coat over a virus that has spikes
organ
a specialized structure
envelope
a sugar cloud that disguises the virus
mutualism
a symbiotic relationship where both benefit
commensalism
a symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is unchanged
bubonic plague
flease that lived on rats caused people's skin to get bubose and turn black
cholera
found in mussels and clams, multiplies in human feces
G
guanine
K strategist
have few offspring, but care for each one
R strategist
have hundreds or thousands of offspring hoping that only a few will survive
agnathan
jawless, finless fish
brown algae
kelp
HMS Beagle
name of ship that Darwin traveled on
RNA
nucleic acid made up of ribose
population density
number of individuals living in a given area
population
the individuals of a species that live in a specific geographical area and can interbreed
niche
the job an organism performs in the ecosystem
habitat
the place where a population of a species lives
nitrogen fixation
the process of combining nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia
ecology
the study of the interactions of living organisms with their physical environment
nucleotide
the subunits of nucleic acids
T
thyamine
symbiosis
two or more species live together in a long-term association
double helix
two strands of DNA twisted around each other
rhinovirus
virus that causes colds
contractile vacuole
water pumps located in euglenas
