All Exam Questions - Review

Imagine that you collected information on the sprint speed of a population of gecko lizard parents and their offspring and the parent-offspring regression gave you the following equation: Average Offspring Speed = 0.25 + 0.9 x Midparent Sprint Speed. If selection acts on the parents such that the average sprint speed of parents increases from 50 cm/second to 65 cm/second, what would you expect the evolutionary response to selection to be? 1. 13.5 cm/second 2. 0.225 cm/second 3. 0.0375 cm/second 4. 16.25 cm/second 1.

1. 13.5 cm/second

Order the steps of the scientific methods correctly. - Conclusion - Experimental Design - Observation - Hypothesis formation - Question generation - Experimental implementation - Data analysis

1. Observation 2. Question generation 3. Hypothesis formation 4. Experimental design 5. Experimental implementation 6. Data analysis 7. Conclusion

Imagine that you cross a true-breeding, red-flowered four o'clock plant with a true-breeding white-flowered four o'clock plant and you get an F1 generation that is 100% pink in color. What form of inheritance is this? 1. Incomplete dominance 2. Co-dominance with multiple alleles 3. Strict dominant/recessive 4. Epistasis

3. Strict dominant/recessive

Which position in the codon is most resilient to mutations (i.e. mutations at this position in the codon are less likely to have an effect on the protein sequence)? - 1st - 2nd - 3rd

3rd

In a phylogeny, NODES represent... 1. synapomorphies 2. homplasies 3. periods of evolutionary change within a lineage 4. symplesiomorphies 5. common ancestorts

5. Common ancestors

An allele that is expressed whenever present is referred to as... 1. Linked 2. Incompletely Dominant 3. Recessive 4. Epistatic 5. Dominant

5. Dominant

During Meiosis, when does synapsis and crossing over occur? 1. Metaphase 2 2. Anaphase 2 3. Telophase 1 4. Anaphase 1 5. Telophase 1/Prophase 2 6. Prophase 1 7. Metaphase 1

6. Prophase 1

Expression of the dominant form of a gene leads to increased evolutionary fitness of the individual possessing that expression of the trait. True or False?

False

During Darwin's time, the Earth was thought to be very young (approx. 6000 years old) which was not old enough for Darwin's method of evolution via natural selection to result in the diversity of life he was aware of. Who produced a set of ideas that indicated that the Earth was much older than previously thought? 1. Alfred Russel Wallace 2. Robert Hooker 3. Robert Thomas Malthus 4. Charles Lyell 5. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

answer is not 1

Which of the following are NOT one of Darwin's 4 preconditions for the Theory of Evolution via Natural Selection? 1. More organisms are produced than can possibly survive. 2. Interindividual phenotypic variation within populations exists. 3. Interindividual phenotypic variation is caused by the experience of the individual and those acquired traits are passed on to the next generation. 4. Interindividual phenotypic variation leads to interindividual variation in reproduction and/or survival.

answer is not 2

In a population founded from two Manx Cats, why does the dominant allele not just disappear after 100 generations of selection? 1. Selection would have to act against both homozygous dominant AND homozygous recessive individuals to get rid of the dominant allele completely. 2. Selection only acts against the homozygous dominant individuals, meaning that the dominant allele is protected in the heterozygote portion of the population of Manx cats. 3. Heterozygous individuals have higher fitness than either homozygous condition. 4. Selection acts against the recessive allele because selection always favors the dominant allele.

answer not 1

In the Illinois Corn Oil Experiment, at the beginning of the experiment, why does the Continuous Low Oil Selection line decrease in oil content at a slower rate than the Continuous High Oil Selection line increases? 1. The Continuous High Oil Selection lines had more genetic "room" for increases to accumulate (relative to the Continuous Low Oil Selected lines) due to the original population being composed mainly of homozygous recessive individuals for the genes that govern oil content in corn. 2. Farmers exerted weaker selection on the Continuous Low Oil Selection lines. 3. Farmers exerted stronger selection on the Continuous High Oil Selection strains.

1. The Continuous High Oil Selection lines had more genetic "room" for increases to accumulate (relative to the Continuous Low Oil Selected lines) due to the original population being composed mainly of homozygous recessive individuals for the genes that govern oil content in corn.

Alternative expressions of a gene are referred to as... 1. Phenotypes 2. Alleles 3. Genotype 4. Traits 5. Nucleotides

2. Alleles

Wings of bats and wings of insects are... 1. Homologous 2. Analogous

2. Analogous

Examine the figure showing the parent-offspring regression for Geospiza fortis on Daphne Major (an island in the Galapagos Islands) in 1976 and 1978. Which of the following statement accurately describes what has happened in this population of finches between 1976 and 1978? (the graph shows two parallel lines increasing) 1. Stabilizing selection led to no change in beak size but variability in beak size decreased. 2. Directional selection increased average beak size and decreased genetic variation for beak size. 3. Disruptive selection led to no change in beak size.

2. Directional selection increased average beak size and decreased genetic variation for beak size.

The wings of bats and the forearm of a human are... 1. Analogous 2. Homologous

2. Homologous

Darwin that organisms in the Galapagos Islands were both similar and different from those he had seen in South America. He noted that there were differences in the environments that might have led to these species being similar yet diverging from those mainland species. This led him to propose that the Galapagos species had descended from common ancestors from South America who had been modified by natural selection in the novel environment in the Galapagos Islands. This line of thought is illustrative of which type of reasoning? 1. Deductive Reasoning 2. Inductive Reasoning

2. Inductive Reasoning

Which of the following is NOT among the 5 forces of evolutionary change? 1. Selection 2. Inheritance of acquired characteristics 3. Random genetic drift 4. Mutation 5. Migration

2. Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Which of the following is NOT a unifying concept in biology? 1. Life is subject to chemical and physical laws. 2. Structure is unrelated to function. 3. Living systems transform energy and matter. 4. Living systems depend on information transactions. 5. Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.

2. Structure is unrelated to function

Which of the following would NOT be considered a characteristic of living organisms? 1. Cellular organization 2. Homeostasis 3. Ability to respond to external stimuli 4. Energy utilization 5. Heredity

3. Ability to respond to external stimuli

You cross a true-breeding corn plant that produces nothing but white seeds with another true-breeding corn plant that produces only white seeds and you get an F1 generation that produces 100% purple seeds. When you allow these to self, you observe 9 purple seeds to 7 white seeds. What form of inheritance is this? 1. Strict dominant/recessive 2. Incomplete dominance 3. Epistasis 4. Co-dominance with multiple alleles

3. Epistasis

You are working with a population in which 36% of the population (freq (aa) = 0.36) expresses the homozygous recessive phenotype. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype and the heterozygous genotype. 1. Frequency of AA = 0.4 and Frequency of Aa = 0.48 2. Frequency of AA = 0.16 and Frequency of Aa = 0.24 3. Frequency of AA = 0.16 and Frequency of Aa = 0.48 4. Frequency of AA = 0.4 and Frequency of Aa = 0.24

3. Frequency of AA = 0.16 and Frequency of Aa = 0.48

The actual alleles present within an individual as is its... 1. Allele 2. Nucleotide 3. Genotype 4. Trait 5. Phenotype

3. Genotype

Two people marry. One person expresses Type A blood. The other person expresses Type B blood. They have 4 children with the following blood types: Type A, Type B, Type AB and Type O. What are the genotypes of the parents? 1. IAIA and IBIB 2. IAIB and ii 3. IAi and IBi 4. ii and ii

3. IAi and IBi

In the coot example, which of the following would be the correct prediction if the hypothesis of parental favoritism was correct? 1. Orange coot offspring would be fed more than black coot offspring. 2. Black coot offspring would be fed more than orange coot offspring. 3. Orange coot offspring would be fed more than black coot offspring but only in broods where both orange and black coots were present. 4. Black coot offspring would be fed more than orange coot offspring but only in broods where both orange and black coots were present.

3. Orange coot offspring would be fed more than black coot offspring but only in broods where both orange and black coots were present.

An allele that is expressed only when it occurs in the homozygous OR hemizygous condition is referred to as... 1. Dominant 2. Epistatic 3. Recessive 4. Linked 5. Incompletely Dominant

3. Recessive