all OB exams

what is the accuracy of EGA utilizing MSD

+/- one week

when is a conceptus considered a fetus

10 weeks onwards

a membrane thickness greater than ________ usually indicates a dichorionic twin pregnancy

2 mm

normal levels of HCG double every ________ days for the first trimester

2-3

ovulation usually occurs when the dominant follicle reaches the following size

2.5 cm

fertilization typically occurs within _______ after ovulation

24 hours

normally, nuchal translucency in the first trimester does not exceed

3mm

when does the embryonic heart begin to beat

5-6 weeks

based on the second international standard the discriminatory value for the TVS, or when an intrauterine gestation sac should always be seen TV is when the HCG level is between _______________ mlU/ml.

500-1200

what is the average age of a women to start menopause

51 years old

the normal ovarian volume for a menstrual age female is

6-10 cc

DZ-DC/DA make up what percent of twins overall

70%

in a normal IUP, the yolk sac should be seen when the MSD measures at least

8 mm

your patient is a 21 year old and is nulligravida. her uterus, if normal, should measure

8 x 3 x 4 cm

what is the normal thickness of the endometrium during the secretory phase

8-14 mm

When evaluating the uterus with TV sonography, the tip of the probe is placed in the

Anterior fornix

the best sonographic EGA uses the measurement of the _______. The accuracy of this measurement is +/- _________.

CRL; 5-7 days

what hormone does the chorionic villi produce to keep the corpus luteum alive

HCG

What is the correct formula for calculating the ovarian volume?

L x W x H x 0.523

which of the following is utilized to calculate menstrual age LMP Cervical length IUP Parity

LMP

how to calculate the EDC using naegeles rule

LMP - 3 months +7 days

periformis

Which is NOT a part of the fallopian tube? A. infundibulum B. isthmus C. periformis D. Ampullla E. Interstitial

patient discomfort from a full urinary bladder

Which of the following is a disadvantaqge to TA scanning? patient discomfort from a full bladder limited field of view of anatomy do not need to worry about age or sexual activity of the patient visualization of larger pathology

fertilization usually occurs in the

ampulla

the uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes the

anteflexion

which arteries are commonly seen on ultrasound as anechoic or hypoechoic areas in the uterus

arcuate arteris

What ligaments help to anchor the cervix in place

cardinal and uterosacral ligaments

the three layers that make up the triple line sign are

compact inner layer, deep spongy layer, basal layer

which of the following structures forms the umbilical cord allantois connecting stalk yolk sac cloaca

connecting stalk

the first trimester is defined as

contraception to 13 + 6 weeks GA

What desribes the outer glandular secretion of the ovary that contains the follicles

cortex

the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle occurs on which day(s) of the normal menstrual cycle

days 15-28

which part of the placenta makes up the maternal portion

decidua basalis

which portion from the decidualization process covers the gestational sac

decidua capsularis

twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova are called

dizygotic

Most congenital malformations occur within which stage of development, although they are not usually detected until later

embryologic stage

T or F. The normal length of a uterus for a menstrual age female is 1-5 cm

false

T or F. endometrial cavity fluid is included on the sonographic measurement of the endometrium

false

t or f. If only the gestational sac was seen and measured on the first ultrasound exam and a CRL is seen on a follow-up first trimester exam a few days later, the earlier MSD measurement is still used to estimate GA

false

t or f. conjoined twins may occur in dizygotic or monozygotic twins

false

t or f. fsh is produced by the endometrium

false

t or f. identical twins are always dizygotic twins

false

t or f. the fallopian tubes are routinely visualized on a normal pelvic ultrasound exam

false

true or false. a normal measurement for a yolk sac is 8-10 mm

false

the layer of the endometrium that is altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the

functional layer

the dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed

graafian follicle

what effect does high levels of FSH have on the body

growth and maturation of the ovarian follicles

which maternal risk factor would be present if the patient has difficulty laying on her back during pregnancy

hypotension

the menstrual cycle is influenced by the

hypothalamus

the secondary yolk sac is located

inside the chorion and outside the amnion

hypogastric artery is another name for the

internal iliac artery

the superior portion of the cervix is the

internal os

ParaGard, Mirena, Skyla, and Kyleena are brand names of which type of contraceptive

intrauterine devices

what is the junction of the uterine body and the cervix

isthmus

in TA scanning, the urinary bladder is often adequately full when

it reaches beyond the fundus of the uterus

within the menstrual cycle, low levels of estrogen and progesterone cause the onset of

menses

on day 28, the embryonic disc is made up of three germinal cell layers. Which of these is last to form, and makes up the middle layer?

mesoderm

when a ruptured follicle produces pain mid-cycle, this symptom is called

mittelschmerz

twins that are conjoined are the following classification

monochorionic monoamniotic

which of these statements about twins is not true 100% dizygotic twins are dichorionic monozygotic twins always share the same amniotic sac monozygotic twins can be dichorionic chorionicity is related to placenta

monozygotic twins always share the same amniotic sac

the greater pelvis contains

mostly bowel

the muscles located lateral to the ovaries is the

obturator internus

twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as

omphalopagus

between 5-10 weeks, the gestational sac grows about _____ mm/day in diameter

one

the anterior pituitary gland produces gonadotropins which stimulate changes in the

ovaries

abnormal closure of the urachus may result in

patent urachal sinus tract

a 24 year old patient at day 13 of the menstrual cycle should show a _________ endometrium

periovulatory

Which muscles is commonly mistaken for the ovaries

piriformis

by the 8th-9th week of gestation, the ________ gradually replaces the corpus luteum. By the 12th week the corpus luteum disappears

placenta

which of the following clinical indications may prohibit the use of TV sonography

precocious puberty

a heart rate of 70 bpm in a 6 week embryo would indicate

probably impending demise

produced by the corpus luteum, this hormone induces the endometrium to become secretory

progesterone

which pregnancy test is always positive by day 28

serum HCG test

the arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the

spiral arteries

corpus

the largest part of the uterus

why is it more difficult to find the ovaries on a post-menopausal patient

the ovarian tissue appears more hyperechoic compared to the menstrual age patient, the ovaries are atrophied, and there are a lack of follicles to identify easily

pouch of douglas

the potential space posterior to the cervix is called the

which of the following statements about the normal yolk sac seen with sonography is correct the yolk sac is round in appearance the yolk sac may measure larger than 6 mm the yolk sac may be calcified the primary yolk sac is visualized

the yolk sac is round in appearance

Which is the primary function of the round ligament?

to hold the uterine body and fundus in a forward position

what is commonly used to disinfect transvaginal ultrasound transducers in the modern clinical setting?

trophon units

T or F. The yolk sac is measured in three dimensions, inner to inner, and until it is no longer visible

true

t or f. Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

true

t or f. a normal heart rate for a 10 week gestation is 120-180 bpm

true

t or f. an embryo should be seen when the MSD is greater than 18 mm

true

t or f. each month the purpose of the secretory thickening of the endometrium is to prepare it for implantation of an embryo

true

t or f. leutenizing hormone stimulates ovulation

true

t or f. the T sign on ultrasound suggests that it is a monochorionic pregnancy

true

t or f. the chorion is made from trophoblastic cells

true

t or f. the corpus luteum forms post ovulation after the dominant follicle ruptures

true

t or f. the double bleb sign seen early in the first trimester is a normal finding

true

t or f. the problem with looking at membrane thickness in trying to determine chorionicity in twins is that it is not very accurate

true

the greater pelvis is also known as the true pelvis

true

true or false. There are more follicles and larger follicles on an ovary in days 6-13 of the menstrual cycle, versus ,days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle.

true

false

true or false. The average menstrual cycle is approximately 26 days in length

the uterus, ovaries, and adnexa are contained in the

true pelvis

in the first trimester, herniated bowel will return within the abdominal cavity by the _____ week

twelfth

the CRL is most accurate up through the ______ gestational week

twelfth

What is another name for the anterior cul de sac

vesicouterine pouch

sperm penetrate what structure in the ovum, which later has a cortical reaction to prevent polyspermy

zona pellucida

a fertilized egg is called the

zygote