American government

Committees kill more than ________ percent of the bills submitted in Congress. Select one: a. 10 b. 25 c. 40 d. 66 e. 90

e. 90

A sustained action taken by citizens disenchanted with government in order to express their opposition and work to bring about the change they seek is a Select one: a. social movement. b. voter upsurge. c. citizen lobby. d. popular resistance. e. regular election.

.a. social movement.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about congressional members over the last three decades? Select one: a. Republicans have become more conservative. b. Republicans have continued to be moderate. c. Republicans have become more liberal. d. Democrats have become more moderate. e. Democrats have become more conservative.

Republicans have become more conservative.

Which president narrowly survived an impeachment conviction? Select one: a. Andrew Johnson b. John Quincy Adams c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Warren Harding e. Calvin Coolidge

a. Andrew Johnson

Congress has formally declared war ________ times in U.S. history. Select one: a. 2 b. 5 c. 55 d. almost 200 e. close to 350

b. 5

The process of House seats being reallocated according to population every 10 years is Select one: a. redistricting b. census c. reapportionment d. gerrymandering e. redrawing district boundaries

c. reapportionment

The communists took over China in ________. Select one: a. 1917 b. 1929 c. 1935 d. 1949 e. 1962

d. 1949

Which of the following events in American foreign policy occurred first? Select one: a. Korean War b. war in Kosovo c. Vietnam War d. fall of the Soviet Union e. Persian Gulf War

a. Korean War

The Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission(2010) Select one: a. allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns. b. limits PACs by reducing the amount of money they can raise through contributions by small donors. c. has forced candidates for office and elected officials to make public the amounts of campaign contributions they have received from PACs and which PACs make those donations. d. has strengthened the argument that PACs constitute a better system of campaign finance than one based on wealthy donors. e. has forced corporations and labor unions to legally divorce themselves from the PACs they sponsor.

a. allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns.

The Tennessee Valley Authority is Select one: a. an electricity industry owned by the United States. b. a private industry regulated by the United States. c. a private electricity industry exempt from government regulation. d. a private environmental organization that receives federal funding. e. a private environmental organization with power to regulate industry.

a. an electricity industry owned by the United States. b. a private industry regulated by the United States.

Judicial review is the power of the American courts to Select one: a. declare a law unconstitutional. b. suspend the writ of habeas corpus. c. impeach the president. d. give advisory opinions to Congress. e. give advice and counsel to the president.

a. declare a law unconstitutional.

Libertarians are opposed to governmental intervention Select one: a. in both the economic and social spheres. b. in the economic but not the social sphere. c. in the social sphere, but not the economic sphere. d. in neither the social nor the economic spheres. e. only with regard to affirmative action.

a. in both the economic and social spheres.

According to the Constitution, the federal courts can issue a decision only Select one: a. in response to actual legal cases. b. in cases where the U.S. government is one of the parties involved in the dispute. c. on cases heard previously by a state court and appealed by the losing party. d. in cases where the U.S. government is one of the parties involved in the dispute, and where the cases were heard previously by a state court and appealed by the losing party. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. in response to actual legal cases.

A written Supreme Court opinion that describes what the majority of the justices decided is a(n) Select one: a. majority opinion. b. plurality opinion. c. dissenting opinion. d. concurring opinion. e. adjunct opinion.

a. majority opinion.

Candidate strategy in the early presidential nominating contests is designed chiefly to gain Select one: a. momentum. b. the support of the party's organizational leaders. c. the support of the party's congressional leaders. d. the endorsement of the mass media. e. the support of partisan rivals.

a. momentum.

The creation of the Food and Drug Administration and the passage of the Securities and Exchange Act were intended to Select one: a. promote equity in the economy. b. eliminate the problem of externalities in the economy. c. destroy the legal foundation of the business trust. d. promote efficiency in the economy. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. promote equity in the economy.

All of the following tend to decrease voter turnout EXCEPT Select one: a. sharp policy differences between major parties. b. alienation. c. frequent elections. d. an individualistic culture. e. lack of interest in politics.

a. sharp policy differences between major parties.

The term of office for a U.S. senator is ________ years, while that of a member of the U.S. House is ________ years. Select one: a. six; two b. four; two c. six; four d. four; four e. eight; four

a. six; two

The United States Select one: a. spends the most on foreign aid in dollar terms, but several countries spend more on a per capita basis. b. spends the most on a per capita basis, but several countries spend more in dollar terms. c. spends the most on foreign aid both in dollar terms and on a per capita basis. d. spends less on foreign aid both in dollar terms and on a per capita basis than several other countries. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. spends the most on foreign aid in dollar terms, but several countries spend more on a per capita basis.

The citizens of ________ are MOST actively involved in interest groups and community causes. Select one: a. the United States b. Germany c. Italy d. France e. Great Britain

a. the United States

Negative campaigning in presidential elections was first used in Select one: a. the early years of the country. b. Andrew Jackson's campaigns for the presidency. c. the 1860 election. d. the Depression years. e. the 1960s.

a. the early years of the country.

A flaw in pluralism theory is the fact that Select one: a. the interest group system is unrepresentative, because some interests are far better organized and more powerful than others. b. the public interest is never served by policies that promote special interests. c. larger groups always prevail politically over smaller groups. d. political parties better represent different interests than do interest groups. e. All of these answers are correct.

a. the interest group system is unrepresentative, because some interests are far better organized and more powerful than others.

Which institution receives the most news coverage from the national press? Select one: a. the presidency b. U.S. House of Representatives c. U.S. Senate d. U.S. Supreme Court e. the federal bureaucracy

a. the presidency

What is the BIGGEST reason that Congress does not vigorously pursue its oversight function? Select one: a. the sheer magnitude of the task b. its inadequacy as a means of controlling the bureaucracy c. its inadequacy as a means of controlling the power of the president d. its inadequacy in generating publicity for members of Congress e. its inadequacy as a means of controlling the judiciary

a. the sheer magnitude of the task

Most of the legislative work of Congress is performed by Select one: a. the standing committees and their subcommittees with jurisdiction over particular policy areas. b. the joint committees chosen to coordinate actions between the two chambers of Congress. c. the select committees chosen to study special problems on a temporary basis. d. the steering committees that decide how the party stands on particular bills. e. party leaders in both chambers.

a. the standing committees and their subcommittees with jurisdiction over particular policy areas.

To the framers, the great danger of democratic government was the risk of Select one: a. tyranny of the majority. b. elite rule. c. special-interest politics. d. a weak presidency. e. judicial imperialism.

a. tyranny of the majority.

The inclusion of certain provisions of the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment, so that these rights are protected from infringements by the state governments, is called: Select one: a. the preferred position doctrine. b. procedural change. c. selective incorporation. d. the absorption doctrine. e. prior restraint.

c. selective incorporation.

The wall of separation doctrine was established by the Supreme Court in which type of cases: Select one: a. restrictions on gun ownership b. rights to privacy c. separation of church and state d. freedom of speech & expression e. unreasonable search & seizure

c. separation of church and state

In the nation's first century, Select one: a. service in Congress was even more of a lifetime career than it is now. b. members of Congress would move from House to Senate and back with little concern for the relative power and prestige of the chambers. c. service in Congress was not seen as a lifetime career for most of its members. d. service in Congress was restricted by the imposition of term limits in many states. e. service in Congress was greatly preferred to service in state government.

c. service in Congress was not seen as a lifetime career for most of its members.

The Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Gitlow v. New York Select one: a. the ability to sensor citizens is left to the federal government. b. that states have the right to censor its residents. c. states do not have complete power over what their residents can legally say. d. states and the federal government can't pass laws that conflict. e. any law passed must conform to constitutional principles of free speech.

c. states do not have complete power over what their residents can legally say.

Sovereignty refers to Select one: a. a government headed by a king. b. a division of authority between the national government and the states. c. supreme and final governing authority. d. sub-national (state) governments. e. None of these answers is correct.

c. supreme and final governing authority

Where is the Bill of Rights found in the Constitution? Select one: a. Article I, Section 8 b. Article II c. the first ten amendments d. amendments 17 through 26 e. Article III

c. the first ten amendments

The principle of constitutionalism is Select one: a. the constitution is the highest law in the United States. b. the idea that you can appeal your case directly to the Supreme Court. c. the idea that there are lawful restrictions on government's power. d. the division of power between an executive, judicial, and legislative branch of government. e. the votes of the majority prevail over those of the minority.

c. the idea that there are lawful restrictions on government's power.

One of the reasons the reporting of national news is relatively uniform among news sources is that Select one: a. the government dictates much of what is reported. b. there are only a few important events each day that merit news coverage. c. the network newscasts are brief and the day's top stories tend to dominate. d. reporters are not given much freedom by their editors. e. modern journalists have become fairly lazy and use mostly wire reports to create news copy for the network newscasts.

c. the network newscasts are brief and the day's top stories tend to dominate.

In Roe v. Wade (1973), the Supreme Court ruled that a woman has a constitutional right to choose abortion. This ruling was based on which implied Constitutional right? Select one: a. freedom of expression b. freedom from persecution c. the right to privacy d. the right to unreasonable searches and seizures e. the right to life, liberty, & the pursuit of happiness

c. the right to privacy

The U.S. lesson learned from the Vietnam War was that Select one: a. public opinion could be ignored by leaders during wartime. b. nuclear weapons had utility in a war of insurgency. c. there were limits on America's ability to get its own way in the world. d. the national interest of the United States required a total disengagement from Asian affairs. e. constant bombing will force the enemy to concede defeat.

c. there were limits on America's ability to get its own way in the world.

Incumbents have an advantage over their challengers because Select one: a. the cost of their race is much lower. b. they have open seat elections. c. they get 80 percent of PAC contributions. d. their race is uncontested. e. their districts don't get reapportioned.

c. they get 80 percent of PAC contributions.

Disadvantaged Americans have generally gained their rights Disadvantaged Americans have generally gained their rights Select one: a. through the enlightened policies of advantaged Americans. b. through judicial action only. c. through struggle against entrenched interests. d. mainly through action by the states rather than the federal government. e. by waiting patiently for public opinion to back their cause.

c. through struggle against entrenched interests.

The clear-and-present-danger test is a standard used by the court to determine: Select one: a. when people had the right to burn the US flag as a symbol of expression. b. the likelihood of imminent lawless action. c. when government could legally limit freedom of expression. d. when police officers had to read a suspect their Miranda rights. e. is used by states to keep groups from protesting.

c. when government could legally limit freedom of expression.

In acknowledging the dilemma inherent in group activity, James Madison Select one: a. argued that the free-rider problem would hurt some groups more than others. b. claimed that government could listen to all groups, but should only enact policies that promote the interests of majority groups. c. worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest. d. argued that government must restrict the activities of groups, so that political parties could act as the major instrument of democracy. e. All of these answers are correct.

c. worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest.

Regarding same-sex marriage, it is true that Select one: a. the Supreme Court upheld the Defense of Marriage Act in 2013. b. several states have recently reversed earlier legal approval of the practice. c. younger people are more likely to approve of it than older people are. d. it first became legal in New York. e. it is a state issue that is beyond federal control or influence.

c. younger people are more likely to approve of it than older people are.

The average pay for full-time female employees is about ________ percent of that for full-time male employees. Select one: a. 93 b. 50 c. 65 d. 80 e. 60

d. 80

Eighteen-, nineteen-, and twenty-year-old Americans were granted the right to vote by the passage of the ________ Amendment. Select one: a. Fifteenth b. Nineteenth c. Twenty-First d. Twenty-Third e. Twenty-Sixth

e. Twenty-Sixth

According to Freedom House, which of the following countries has the highest degree of freedom? Select one: a. Japan b. Mexico c. Guatemala d. Russia e. United States

e. United States

An interest group that focuses on policy benefits for senior citizens would be an example of Select one: a. a philosophical interest group. b. an ideological group. c. a professional group. d. a business group. e. a single-issue group.

e. a single-issue group.

Political parties are organized at the national, state, and local levels to assist candidates with: Select one: a. fundraising b. polling c. research d. media e. all of these

e. all of these

The President serves which roles: Select one: a. Chief Executive b. Commander and chief c. Chief diplomat d. Legislative leader e. all of these

e. all of these

Voter turnout in the United States is lower than in other countries because: Select one: a. voter registration requirements b. frequency of elections c. civic attitude d. age, education, & income e. all of these

e. all of these

Politically, the fight for civil rights in Congress in the 1960s was led primarily by Select one: a. southern Democrats. b. southern Republicans. c. Republicans. d. Democrats. e. an about equal coalition of Democrats and Republicans.

e. an about equal coalition of Democrats and Republicans.

The air we breathe is an example of a Select one: a. private good. b. negative externality. c. material good. d. mass-produced good. e. collective good.

e. collective good.

The Supreme Court Select one: a. has ruled that even forms of symbolic speech considered to be dangerous to the public are protected. b. ruled during the Vietnam war that the burning of draft registration cards was a protected form of symbolic speech. c. has reduced its protections of symbolic speech dramatically, and recently has ruled against flag burning as a form of protected symbolic speech. d. has protected symbolic speech much more substantially than it has protected verbal speech. e. has generally protected symbolic speech, though less substantially than it has protected verbal speech.

e. has generally protected symbolic speech, though less substantially than it has protected verbal speech.

One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that Select one: a. since the 1980s the Supreme Court has imposed it on the American public despite congressional attempts to end it. b. most Americans admit that they oppose programs that ensure equal treatment for minorities. c. it is applied only to private businesses and schools, not to government programs and institutions. d. the Supreme Court has repeatedly declared it unconstitutional both in principle and in practice. e. it is viewed as giving preferential treatment, which is unpopular, instead of simply ensuring equal treatment.

e. it is viewed as giving preferential treatment, which is unpopular, instead of simply ensuring equal treatment.

Which of the following developments in the national political system did NOT provide for more popular control? Select one: a. primary elections b. direct election of U.S. senators c. recall elections d. initiative and referendum e. judicial review

e. judicial review

Enormous concentrations of wealth and power exist in the U.S. private sector, primarily in the hands of: Select one: a. the largest labor unions. b. elite political families such as the Kennedys and the Bushes. c. middle class Americans. d. small businesses. e. large corporations.

e. large corporations.

In the dynamics of an iron triangle, what benefit do interest groups provide to friendly government agencies? Select one: a. services for constituents b. travel funds c. campaign spending d. administration of mutually beneficial policies e. lobbying support for agency programs

e. lobbying support for agency programs

Which of the following has democracy come to mean in practice? a. pluralistic government through the combination of popularly elected representatives and the influence of interest groups b. oligarchic government through a legislature chosen through popular election c. elitist control through interest group politics d. pluralism through the election of representatives and the influence of corporate interests e. majority rule through the free and open election of representatives

e. majority rule through the free and open election of representatives

In Bowers v. Hardwick (1986), the Supreme Court justices determined that Select one: a. the right of privacy includes abortion in the early months of pregnancy. b. search warrants are not needed in murder investigations. c. freedom of speech and freedom of assembly sometimes conflict. d. state militia members have the right to peacefully assemble. e. the right to privacy does not include homosexual acts.

e. the right to privacy does not include homosexual acts.

Which of the following is true about the trade imbalance in the United States? Select one: a. The United States has not had a trade surplus since 1975. b. Over the past decade, the U.S. trade deficit has exceeded $300 billion every year. c. The United States has the largest trade deficit of the top three economic centers. d. All of these are true: The United States has not had a trade surplus since 1975; over the past decade, the U.S. trade deficit has exceeded $300 billion every year; and the United States has the largest trade deficit of the top three economic centers. e. None of these answers is correct.

d. All of these are true: The United States has not had a trade surplus since 1975; over the past decade, the U.S. trade deficit has exceeded $300 billion every year; and the United States has the largest trade deficit of the top three economic centers.

Which of the following states is MOST likely to be a battleground state in the next presidential election? Select one: a. North Dakota b. New York c. Alabama d. Colorado e. California

d. Colorado

The president is LEAST likely to get his way with Select one: a. the courts. b. the bureaucracy. c. the Executive Office of the President. d. Congress. e. his or her chief of staff.

d. Congress.

Which of the following amendments contains a due process clause? Select one: a. First b. Tenth c. Third d. Fourteenth e. Twenty-first

d. Fourteenth

Who among the framers of the Constitution noted that no issue was more likely to provoke conflict that how society's resources are distributed? Select one: a. John Adams b. Alexander Hamilton c. Benjamin Franklin d. James Madison e. Thomas Jefferson

d. James Madison

The doctrine of nullification is most closely associated with Select one: a. Thomas Jefferson. b. Andrew Jackson. c. Roger B. Taney. d. John C. Calhoun. e. John Marshall.

d. John C. Calhoun.

The long-serving chief justice that established the principle of judicial review was Select one: a. Charles Evans Hughes. b. Hugo Black. c. Clarence Thomas. d. John Marshall. e. Benjamin Card

d. John Marshall.

The first woman ever to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court was appointed by Select one: a. President Truman. b. President Eisenhower. c. President Kennedy. d. President Reagan. e. President Carter.

d. President Reagan.

The first large and well-organized attempt to promote women's rights came in 1848 in Select one: a. Boston, Massachusetts. b. San Francisco, California. c. Minneapolis, Minnesota. d. Seneca Falls, New York. e. Madison, Wisconsin.

d. Seneca Falls, New York.

Volunteer activity is LOWEST in the Select one: a. Midwest. b. West. c. Plains states. d. South. e. Northeast.

d. South.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship today between government and the economy in the United States? Select one: a. The economy is largely self-regulating. b. The government subsidizes economic interests but otherwise leaves them to operate as they please. c. The government is the driving force in the U.S. economy; business has a secondary role. d. The government participates in the economy though the regulation of privately owned businesses. e. The government owns most of the means of production in the United States.

d. The government participates in the economy though the regulation of privately owned businesses.

The federal bureaucracy today is Select one: a. extremely wasteful and unresponsive to the public it serves. b. an ineffective institution in comparison with bureaucracies of democracies with unitary systems. c. more responsive to the public at large than to the particular interests that depend on its various programs. d. a mix of the patronage and merit systems. e. mostly dominated by patronage politics.

d. a mix of the patronage and merit systems.

The individual freedoms in the Bill of Rights were extended by the Fourteenth Amendment to include protection from deprivation of due process rights by: Select one: a. actions of the president. b. the actions of individuals. c. actions of the federal government. d. actions of state and local governments. e. actions of the U.S. military.

d. actions of state and local governments.

Congress oversees the bureaucracy by using Select one: a. sunset provisions. b. the Government Accountability Office. c. oversight hearings. d. all of these: sunset provisions, the Government Accountability Office, and oversight hearings. e. None of these answers is correct.

d. all of these: sunset provisions, the Government Accountability Office, and oversight hearings.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a secondary socializing agent? Select one: a. leaders b. the media c. peers d. church e. None of these answers is correct, as ALL represent secondary socializing agents.

d. church

In an oligarchy, Select one: a. the state is run by corporate interests and companies instead of individuals. b. control rests with a small group of popularly elected individuals. c. control rests with a single individual, such as a dictator. d. control rests with a small group, such as military officers or a few wealthy families. e. the state controls all aspects of individuals' lives, including family relations and the practice of religion.

d. control rests with a small group, such as military officers or a few wealthy families.

From 1945 until the late 1960s, there was the highest degree of bipartisanship in the area of: Select one: a. economic regulation. b. taxation levels. c. civil rights. d. foreign affairs. e. environmental policy.

d. foreign affairs.

Presidential candidates in the 1960s, compared with today, Select one: a. received more negative coverage. b. were largely ignored by the media. c. were hounded by the media incessantly. d. had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcast television newscasts. e. None of these answers is correct.

d. had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcast television newscasts.

Which of the following is almost exclusively a state power? Select one: a. chartering banks b. delivering mail c. law enforcement d. registering voters e. loaning money

d. registering voters

The presidency was created by Article ________ of the U.S. Constitution. Select one: a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. VII

b. II

Upon reaching Congress, what first happens to the president's budget proposal? Select one: a. It is subjected to floor debate. b. It goes to the House and Senate budget committees. c. It is reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget. d. It is marked up by the full Senate before moving to the House. e. It is referred to the House and Senate appropriations committees.

b. It goes to the House and Senate budget committees.

The accuracy of a poll is usually expressed in terms of Select one: a. population density. b. census parameter. c. population error. d. sampling error. e. interview error.

d. sampling error

Why was the 2014 G7 summit held in Brussels? Select one: a. The major European powers wanted a more convenient location for the meeting. b. The participants wanted to emphasize their displeasure at Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula. c. The choice of Brussels emphasized that the summit was about western European issues, not global issues. d. Brussels is the headquarters of the European Union. e. The participants wanted to highlight that Belgium is an important economic power.

b. The participants wanted to emphasize their displeasure at Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.

________ was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. Select one: a. John Locke b. Thomas Jefferson c. James Madison d. George Washington e. Alexander Hamilton

b. Thomas Jefferson

One of the reasons voter turnout is lower in the United States than in Western European countries is that Select one: a. Americans pay less attention to politics. b. U.S. registration laws place a greater burden on the individual. c. the U.S. population is not as well educated. d. Europeans must pay a huge fine if they fail to vote. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. U.S. registration laws place a greater burden on the individual. c. the U.S. population is not as well educated.

In a survey of college students, the Intercollegiate Studies Association found that the best predictor of a student's later participation in the nation's civic and political life is Select one: a. a college degree. b. a solid understanding of public affairs. c. participation in student government. d. participation in Greek life. e. attending a school with a residential campus versus a "commuter" campus.

b. a solid understanding of public affairs.

Which of the following is NOT a typical interest group function? Select one: a. supporting candidates for public office b. addressing a broad and diverse range of public issues c. working to influence policymakers d. promoting public policies e. working to influence legislators

b. addressing a broad and diverse range of public issues

An informal grouping of officials, lobbyists, and policy specialists who come together temporarily around a policy problem is Select one: a. an iron triangle. b. an issue network. c. a caucus. d. a policy system. e. an ideological network.

b. an issue network.

The most numerous economic groups are Select one: a. labor groups. b. business groups. c. professional groups. d. occupational groups. e. farm groups.

b. business groups.

The Supreme Court has ruled that Select one: a. the federal government must provide at least half the cost of educating each child through public education systems. b. the federal government is responsible for ensuring that each state provides an adequate education for each child. c. states have no official responsibilities in the field of education. d. states are obliged to give all children an education that is "equal" across communities. e. states are obliged to give all children an "adequate" education.

d. states are obliged to give all children an education that is "equal" across communities. e. states are obliged to give all children an "adequate" education.

In the 2014 case of Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, the Supreme Court ruled that Select one: a. the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act does not require employers to provide insurance for employees. b. companies with only a few owners can refuse, on religious grounds, to include contraceptives in employees' health coverage. c. businesses can decide which employees deserve employer-paid health insurance based on employee performance. d. the free exercise of religion clause in the First Amendment does not apply to the secular business practices of corporations. e. All of these answers are correct.

b. companies with only a few owners can refuse, on religious grounds, to include contraceptives in employees' health coverage.

Which of the following groups in the U.S. shows a higher level of support for collective bargaining? Select one: a. workers in the service sector b. factory workers c. small farmers d. white-collar workers e. workers in the skilled crafts

b. factory workers

Political scientist Aaron Wildavsky's "two presidencies" thesis holds that a president is likely to be most successful with Congress on policy initiatives involving Select one: a. social welfare policy. b. foreign policy. c. tax policy. d. economic policy. e. environmental policy.

b. foreign policy.

The situation in which individuals are tempted not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits even if they do not participate is called the Select one: a. size factor. b. free-rider problem. c. special-interest paradox. d. disincentive factor. e. zero-sum game.

b. free-rider problem.

The individual right that is widely regarded as the most basic of individual rights is: Select one: a. the right to an attorney. b. freedom of expression. c. the right to a jury trial. d. the right to an adequate education. e. protection against illegal searches and seizures.

b. freedom of expression.

In terms of news consumption, since the 1980s young adults Select one: a. have been more informed than older ones. b. have been less informed than older ones. c. have experienced a rise in news consumption because of the Internet. d. have experienced a rise in news consumption because of cable news channels. e. have remained on par with older adults in terms of news consumption.

b. have been less informed than older ones.

Keynesian economics emphasizes ________ as a means of curtailing economic downturns. Select one: a. reduced taxes b. increased government spending c. decreased regulation d. decreased inflation e. increased taxes

b. increased government spending

Democrats in Washington have usually responded to high levels of unemployment with Select one: a. reduced government spending. b. increased government spending. c. increased government taxes. d. decreased government taxes. e. decreased government regulation.v

b. increased government spending.

Which legal doctrine holds that in nearly every instance, policy issues should be decided by elected lawmakers and not by appointed judges? Select one: a. judicial activism b. judicial restraint c. judicial legitimacy d. appellate jurisdiction e. judicial executive power

b. judicial restraint

Most broadcast news journalists Select one: a. are strong Democrats. b. lean Democratic. c. have no political views. d. lean Republican. e. are strong Republicans.

b. lean Democratic.

The conviction of members of the U.S. Communist Party in the early 1950s was initially upheld as a lawful restriction of the right: Select one: a. not to incriminate oneself. b. of free speech. c. to a jury trial. d. to confront one's accusers in a court of law. e. to worship any religion of choice.

b. of free speech.

Committee staffs within Congress Select one: a. concentrate on constituency relations. b. perform an almost entirely legislative function. c. concentrate on public relations. d. split their time between legislative functions and public relations. e. are devoted to logistical functions and committee public relations.

b. perform an almost entirely legislative function.

The direct election of U.S. senators came about due to Select one: a. passage of the Second Amendment. b. political pressure from the Progressives. c. Jeffersonian democracy. d. Jacksonian democracy. e. the fact that state legislators no longer desired to select them.

b. political pressure from the Progressives.

Effective inside lobbying is based upon Select one: a. countering the aims of other groups. b. providing useful and persuasive information to key officials. c. mobilizing the group's members. d. bribing or threatening officials. e. using the media to exert pressure.

b. providing useful and persuasive information to key officials.

In its 2014 Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action decision, the Supreme Court ruled that Select one: a. the United States Congress can pass affirmative action laws that are binding on both public institutions and private businesses. b. affirmative action is a form of reverse discrimination and is therefore unconstitutional. c. taking race into account when deciding who to admit to college is unconstitutional. d. states can pass laws that ban affirmative action at public education institutions. e. states must follow the same affirmative action guidelines as the federal government does.

d. states can pass laws that ban affirmative action at public education institutions.

James Madison's solution to the problem of factions (special interests) has, in the modern policy process, actually contributed to the problem by Select one: a. suppressing the claims of special interests, thereby making it more difficult for them to get their opinions heard by officials. b. resulting in a fragmentation of authority among policymakers, thereby providing groups more opportunities to get their way. c. eroding the strength of political parties, thereby increasing the opportunity for group influence. d. weakening the legislative branch, thereby allowing groups to bully Congress into accepting their demands. e. eroding the power of the mass media, thereby increasing the opportunity for group influence.

b. resulting in a fragmentation of authority among policymakers, thereby providing groups more opportunities to get their way.

The U.S. courts of appeals Select one: a. hear new evidence in appealed cases. b. review trial court decisions. c. are the highest courts to use juries. d. decide for the Supreme Court the cases it will review. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. review trial court decisions

The primary purpose of the Troubled Asset Relief Program was to Select one: a. quickly provide jobs to the unemployed. b. shore up shaky financial institutions. c. lower the rate of inflation. d. demonstrate that only the Fed controlled economic policy. e. help out the European economy and boost demand for American exports.

b. shore up shaky financial institutions.

Spoken words that are known to be false and harmful to a person's reputation are an example of: Select one: a. libel. b. slander. c. blasphemy. d. obscenity. e. symbolic speech.

b. slander.

Government support for agriculture in the form of price supports and income subsidies is designed PRIMARILY to Select one: a. increase farm production in order to meet the nation's food needs. b. stabilize farm income, which would otherwise fluctuate greatly due to market and weather conditions. c. promote farm conservation so as to preserve the productive capacity of U.S. agriculture. d. encourage rural development. e. encourage urban development.

b. stabilize farm income, which would otherwise fluctuate greatly due to market and weather conditions.

Regarding state party organizations, the day-to-day operation is usually the responsibility of the Select one: a. central committee. b. state chairperson. c. national chairperson who oversees all state party organizations. d. state governor or top leaders in the legislative branch. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. state chairperson.

In Lochner v. New York (1905), the Supreme Court ruled that Select one: a. the doctrine of separate but equal was constitutional. b. state regulation of labor practices violated firms' property rights. c. the Fourth Amendment did not apply to interstate commerce. d. factory practices could only be regulated by the states. e. factory practices could only be regulated by the federal government.

b. state regulation of labor practices violated firms' property rights

Some analysts predict that soon the most important medium of election politics will be Select one: a. television. b. the Internet. c. radio. d. newspapers. e. magazines.

b. the Internet.

The scheduling of bills in the Senate is left up to Select one: a. the Senate Scheduling Committee. b. the Senate majority leader. c. each of the Senate committees. d. the Senate historian. e. the Senate parliamentarian.

b. the Senate majority leader.

The "separate but equal" standard was created by Select one: a. Congress. b. the Supreme Court. c. the state supreme court of Virginia. d. President Ulysses S. Grant. e. Justice John Marshall Harlan.

b. the Supreme Court.

Congress's inability to consistently provide leadership on broad national issues is primarily due to Select one: a. the lack of talented leadership in Congress. b. the fragmented nature of Congress. c. constitutional restrictions on Congress's lawmaking powers. d. the constant threat of a presidential veto. e. opposition from the mass media.

b. the fragmented nature of Congress.

A purposive incentive is defined as Select one: a. a goal of direct economic gain. b. the opportunity to contribute to a worthy goal or purpose. c. a goal benefiting a specific group. d. any common purpose that brings groups together. e. corporate profit.

b. the opportunity to contribute to a worthy goal or purpose.

Individualism is a perspective that Select one: a. individuals should be free to act and think as they choose. b. all individuals are equal in their moral worth. c. people are the ultimate source of governing authority. d. supports personal commitment and self-sufficiency. e. there should be formal limits on the power of citizens.

d. supports personal commitment and self-sufficiency.

Today, most union members work as Select one: a. teachers and farm laborers. b. farm laborers. c. factory laborers. d. teachers, police, and civil servants. e. transportation workers.

d. teachers, police, and civil servants.

Since the founding of the United States, the debate over the representation function of Congress has centered on whether Select one: a. key decisions should be made by a small number of representatives in committee or by the whole membership in floor debate. b. the primary concern of a representative should be the interests of the nation or of his or her constituency. c. congressional or presidential authority should dominate on broad issues. d. the House or the Senate is more responsive to the public. e. the House or the Senate should take the lead on foreign policy issues.

b. the primary concern of a representative should be the interests of the nation or of his or her constituency.

Since the cold war ended, U.S. policy makers' chief concern with nuclear weaponry has been Select one: a. the possibility of a computer error in the U.S. or former Soviet weapons systems that could mistakenly launch a nuclear missile. b. the spread of nuclear technology to rogue nations or terrorist groups. c. the use of a tactical nuclear weapon in ethnic conflicts in Eastern Europe. d. the possibility that, in the process of dismantling the U.S. and former Soviet arsenals, a nuclear warhead could be accidentally detonated. e. the spread of nuclear technology to NATO forces.

b. the spread of nuclear technology to rogue nations or terrorist groups.

Political scientist Theodore Lowi has questioned pluralist theory by suggesting that Select one: a. special interests should never receive benefits from government. b. there is no concept of the public interest in a system that gives special interests the ability to determine the policies affecting them. c. policies that favor a series of minorities are inherently fairer than policies that ignore small groups in favor of a majority. d. the sum of people's special interests is a rough approximation of society's collective interest. e. Madisonian theory has created a perfect balance of special interest and common good.

b. there is no concept of the public interest in a system that gives special interests the ability to determine the policies affecting them.

Today there are approximately _____ African Americans serving as mayors, and ____ serving as members of Congress. Select one: a. 40%, 20 b. 50%, 4% c. 500, 40 d. 250, 20 e. 25%, 2%

c. 500, 40

Programs designed to ensure that historically disadvantaged groups receive equal treatment are known as: Select one: a. Equal pay laws b. Disability laws c. Affirmative action laws d. Title VII e. Title IX

c. Affirmative action laws

What was the primary cause for an increase in the public's support for a military invasion of Iraq during the six-month period leading to the start of the war? Select one: a. the inability of the United Nations to discover strong evidence of weapons of mass destruction b. mainstream media coverage of the actions of the Iraqi government c. grassroots efforts by conservative groups that argued it was necessary for greater national security d. the Bush administration's efforts to press the case for war e. election-year posturing on national security issues by congressional candidates for office

d. the Bush administration's efforts to press the case for war

The Supreme Court has reasoned that a right of privacy is provided by Select one: a. the Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. the Ninth Amendment, which says that people's rights are not limited to those enumerated in the Constitution. c. the Tenth Amendment, which reserves to the people and the states those powers not granted to the federal government. d. the implication of the right to privacy by the freedoms in some of the Bill of Rights e. the Civil Rights Act of 1991.

d. the implication of the right to privacy by the freedoms in some of the Bill of Rights

In a democratic society, who or what is responsible for personal development? Select one: a. the education system b. political parties c. the progressive being d. the individual e. parents, ministers, and political leaders

d. the individual

Democrats and Republicans have endured as the two major U.S. parties primarily due to Select one: a. the stability of their ideologies. b. the lack of good third-party candidates. c. a high degree of party discipline. d. their ability to adapt to changing circumstances. e. None of these answers is correct.

d. their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to identify with the Democratic Party? Select one: a. Hispanics b. African Americans c. white women d. white southerners e. white liberals

d. white southerners

The first Asian immigrants to America Select one: a. settled primarily in the Midwest and Northeast. b. did not arrive until the early twentieth century. c. were welcomed as equals by most whites. d. worked as laborers in mines and railroad construction. e. All these answers are correct.

d. worked as laborers in mines and railroad construction.

According to the Center for Responsive Politics, what was roughly the amount spent on lobbying in the United States in 2009? Select one: a. $250 billion b. $10 billion c. $350 million d. $35 billion e. $3.5 billion

e. $3.5 billion

The annual defense budget in the United States is about Select one: a. $120 billion. b. $210 billion. c. $290 billion. d. $360 billion. e. $500 billion.

e. $500 billion.

Nearly ________ percent of all PAC contributions go to the incumbents. Select one: a. 10 b. 30 c. 50 d. 70 e. 85

e. 85

Incumbents may have some problems in reelection campaigns if Select one: a. disruptive issues such as general public discontent with Congress become prominent. b. the incumbent is tainted with charges of personal misconduct or corruption. c. the election is a midterm election, and the incumbent is of the same party as the president. d. they appear vulnerable, and contributors from outside the state or district might target the race and donate money to the challenger. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following did the framers want from a president? Select one: a. national leadership b. administration of the laws c. statesmanship in foreign affairs d. command of the military e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following is true about the Vietnam War? Select one: a. U.S. combat forces left Vietnam in 1973. b. North Vietnamese forces took over the country in 1975. c. It was the most painful and costly application of the containment doctrine. d. U.S. forces were technically superior in combat to the communist fighters, although the war had no front lines and few set battles. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following was an argument in favor of federalism at the time of the writing of the Constitution? Select one: a. Federalism will protect liberty. b. Federalism will force officials to be more responsive to the people. c. Federalism will provide for a stronger national government than existed under the Articles of Confederation. d. Federalism will be less likely to produce an all-dominant faction. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

Staunch conservatives are MOST likely to pay regular attention to Select one: a. MSNBC. b. NPR. c. the Daily Show. d. Hilary Clinton e. Fox News.

e. Fox News.

Political parties in the United States originated partly as a political feud between Select one: a. Marshall and Adams. b. Adams and Jackson. c. Lincoln and Douglas. d. Cleveland and Bryan. e. Hamilton and Jefferson.

e. Hamilton and Jefferson.

"Mark up" of a bill means that Select one: a. a president has crossed out sections of the bill that he or she finds personally objectionable. b. a bill has been approved after floor debate has finished. c. witnesses at committee hearings suggest modifications of the bill. d. the House Speaker and Senate majority leader have written a bill in a way that they favor. e. None of these answers is correct.

e. None of these answers is correct.

The Federal Reserve System Select one: a. was created in 1933. b. is run by a congressional committee. c. regulates only national banks. d. was created specifically to conduct fiscal policy. e. None of these answers is correct.

e. None of these answers is correct.

When the United States first came into being, married women were permitted to Select one: a. vote. b. hold office. c. serve on juries. d. own and dispense property without the husband's consent. e. None of these answers is correct.

e. None of these answers is correct.

Which of the following states is MOST likely to vote Republican in the next presidential election? Select one: a. Pennsylvania b. New York c. Vermont d. Colorado e. Texas

e. Texas

Which ethnic group tends to be underrepresented the most politically, in comparison with other minority groups? Select one: a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Asian Americans d. Hispanic Americans e. European Americans

c. Asian Americans

Voter turnout is highest in which country Select one: a. Canada b. Great Britain c. Belgium d. Italy e. United States

c. Belgium

________ is/are most likely to understand trade issues in the United States. Select one: a. The president b. Members of the Senate c. Career bureaucrats in the Department of Commerce and the Federal Trade Commission d. Members of the House e. Federal mediators

c. Career bureaucrats in the Department of Commerce and the Federal Trade Commission

The framers of the Constitution saw the ________ as the preeminent component of the federal government. Select one: a. Supreme Court b. bureaucracy c. Congress d. president e. None of these answers is correct.

c. Congress

The lawmaking function in the Constitution was granted to the: Select one: a. Judiciary b. President c. Congress d. State governments e. National government

c. Congress

Which of the following statements about party identification is true? Select one: a. Pollsters did not measure Independent as a form of identification until early in the twenty-first century. b. Currently, more people identify as Republicans than as Democrats. c. Currently, more people identify as Democrats than as Republicans. d. Over the last several decades, the percentage of people identifying as Republicans has increased substantially. e. Over the last several decades, the percentage of people identifying as Independents has increased substantially.

c. Currently, more people identify as Democrats than as Republicans.

A progressive income tax, which is a tax where the marginal tax rate increases as income rises, was passed under which president. Select one: a. Ronald Reagan b. Herbert Hoover c. Franklin D. Roosevelt d. Teddy Roosevelt e. Abraham Lincoln

c. Franklin D. Roosevelt

_______ called discrimination "America's curse" because of deep-rooted racism in a country that idealized equality. Select one: a. Thomas Jefferson b. Abraham Lincoln c. Gunnar Myrdal d. Justice Roberts e. Martin Luther King Jr.

c. Gunnar Myrdal

_______ described politics as a conflict over "who gets what, when, and how." Select one: a. Michel Foucault b. Robert Dahl c. Harold Lasswell d. James Q. Wilson e. Franklin D. Roosevelt

c. Harold Lasswell

According to ________, a large republic is less likely to have an all-powerful faction. Select one: a. Patrick Henry b. George Mason c. James Madison d. John C. Calhoun e. John Marshall Harlan

c. James Madison

The Federalist Papers were written by _______, _______ , and ______ to persuade New York to vote for the new Constitution. Select one: a. Washington, Hamilton, Adams b. Hamilton, Madison, Adams c. Jay, Hamilton, Madison d. Washington, Madison, Jay e. Jay, Adams, Hamilton

c. Jay, Hamilton, Madison

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a. Political parties are unimportant in the organization of the U.S. Congress. b. Party-line voting rarely occurs in Congress. c. Party-line voting has increased in recent years. d. Partisanship makes virtually no difference in the votes cast in Congress. e. None of these answers is correct.

c. Party-line voting has increased in recent years.

President Andrew Jackson was responsible for the government hiring practice known as Select one: a. Neutral competence, a system of hiring based on ability. b. Merit system, a system of hiring based competitive exams. c. Patronage, a system of hiring those loyal to his campaign. d. Partisanship, hiring based on political affiliation. e. Executive action, hiring based on presidential decree.

c. Patronage, a system of hiring those loyal to his campaign.

Congressmen are focused on local issues and the concerns of their constituents. Funding secured by congressmen for their districts is called: Select one: a. appropriations b. constituent services c. Pork-barrel spending d. service strategy e. cost of doing business

c. Pork-barrel spending

Americans who attend religious services at least once a week are most likely to vote for which political party? Select one: a. Libertarian b. Democratic c. Republican d. Populist e. Green

c. Republican

The term iron triangle refers to Select one: a. a tightly-knit set of lobbying groups. b. the relationship among the Congress, the military, and defense contractors. c. a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest. d. the strategy of lobbying all three branches of government simultaneously. e. a corrupt relationship among the president, Congress, and the Supreme Court.

c. a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest.

Charter schools Select one: a. are publicly funded and have no more freedom in choosing students than do public schools, though they have greater freedom in determining curricula. b. are privately funded and have total freedom in determining curricula. c. are publicly funded but have more freedom in determining curricula than public schools. d. are promoted primarily by Democrats as a strong, publicly-funded method of improving education. e. have been opposed by President Obama, through executive orders to drain their funding.

c. are publicly funded but have more freedom in determining curricula than public schools.

Marbury v. Madison was an ingenious decision because it Select one: a. turned a case that involved the issue of states' rights into one that asserted national power. b. redefined the constitutional relationship between the president and Congress. c. asserted the power of the judiciary without creating the possibility of its rejection by either the executive or the legislative branch. d. turned a case that involved the issue of states' rights into one that asserted judicial power over the institutions of society. e. gave more power to the presidency, at the expense of Congress.

c. asserted the power of the judiciary without creating the possibility of its rejection by either the executive or the legislative branch.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the national government Select one: a. provided vast sums to business firms to keep them out of bankruptcy. b. provided health care to Americans on a temporary basis as a means of alleviating economic hardships. c. asserted the power to regulate the nation's economy. d. provided vast sums to the states so they could meet their citizens' welfare needs. e. utilized laissez-faire capitalism in its policies.

c. asserted the power to regulate the nation's economy.

Political knowledge has been shown to be important Select one: a. in order to determine your political party affiliation. b. so that you understand what is being reported in the media. c. because it fosters civic participation. d. so that people's political views can be distorted by politicians. e. so political leaders are better able to "spin" their message.

c. because it fosters civic participation.

Roughly two-thirds of all lobbyists in the nation's capital represent Select one: a. activist organizations. b. labor unions. c. business firms. d. foreign-based political action groups. e. nonprofit organizations.

c. business firms

The GI Bill, passed after WWII, helped middle-income families build wealth through Select one: a. low interest loans for vocational training and college b. the ability to move from the city to the suburbs c. cash for education and low interest loans for businesses & homeownership d. passage of a progressive income tax e. cash payments for business ventures

c. cash for education and low interest loans for businesses & homeownership

Individual rights, such as the right to a fair trial, that are constitutionally protected against infringement by the government are known as: Select one: a. civil rights b. limited rights c. civil liberties d. expansive rights e. Constitutional freedoms

c. civil liberties

If the Fed wanted to act to increase borrowing by firms and consumers and thus hopefully reduce unemployment, it would Select one: a. sell securities. b. raise the reserve rate. c. decrease the interest rate on loans to member banks. d. increase the interest rate on loans to member banks. e. encourage people to save more and spend less.

c. decrease the interest rate on loans to member banks.

The following two changes were created during the Progressive era Select one: a. closed primaries & the legislative appointment of U.S. Senators. b. direct primaries & the legislative appointment of U.S. Senators. c. direct primaries & the direct election of U.S. Senators. d. closed primaries & the direct election of U.S. Senators. e. direct primaries & the popular vote of the President.

c. direct primaries & the direct election of U.S. Senators.

Women gained the right to vote Select one: a. with passage of the Bill of Rights. b. shortly after the Civil War. c. early in the twentieth century. d. with passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. e. during the era of Jacksonian democracy.

c. early in the twentieth century.

The oversight responsibility of Congress is Select one: a. relatively easy to carry out. b. becoming less and less important to the nation. c. empowered by control of yearly budgets. d. the most time-consuming task for most legislators. e. None of these answers is correct.

c. empowered by control of yearly budgets.

James Madison argued Select one: a. against all interest groups. b. for the advocacy of self-interest free from all systems of restraint. c. for regulation of interests through a governing system of checks and balances. d. for the replacement of interest groups by formal political parties. e. for a powerful judiciary.

c. for regulation of interests through a governing system of checks and balances.

The Bill of Rights Select one: a. reduced the restrictiveness of constitutionalism. b. enhanced the powers of the executive. c. further checked the power of the majority. d. enhanced the majoritarian nature of government. e. restricted the power of corporate influence in the government.

c. further checked the power of the majority.

In the 1970s, roll-call votes Select one: a. generally demonstrated the power of incumbents. b. generally demonstrated an increase in party loyalty. c. generally did not pit most Republicans against most Democrats. d. were less common than voice votes. e. were generally not used to record each member's vote.

c. generally did not pit most Republicans against most Democrats.

Compared to the president and Congress, the bureaucracy Select one: a. is held in higher esteem by the public. b. is authorized by a constitutional amendment rather than by the original Constitution. c. has a more direct impact on the daily lives of Americans. d. has changed very little during the nation's history. e. is more easily controlled by the voters.

c. has a more direct impact on the daily lives of Americans.

The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts? Select one: a. enumerated powers b. reserved powers c. implied powers d. concurrent powers e. All these answers are correct.

c. implied powers

A main difference between iron triangles and issue networks is that Select one: a. an iron triangle includes members of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, while issue networks bypass the judicial branch. b. issue networks involve a stable group of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists, while iron triangles exclude lobbyists in an attempt to reach impartial decisions. c. issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, in that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops. d. issue networks, being less formal, rely on outside lobbying only, while iron triangles use inside lobbying only. e. All of these answers are correct.

c. issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, in that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops.

The term public opinion is frequently used in reference to all of American society. This perspective is Select one: a. accurate, since Americans are one people and indivisible. b. less accurate than a view of public opinion based on the majority, since the political system operates on the principle of majority rule. c. less accurate than the idea that Americans form many publics, which differ greatly in such things as the level of attention they pay to politics. d. less accurate than a view of public opinion based on what the news media are saying about the public. e. accurate, because there is little diversity in American public opinion.

c. less accurate than the idea that Americans form many publics, which differ greatly in such things as the level of attention they pay to politics.

Congressional campaigns are primarily focused on Select one: a. national issues b. the party platform c. local issues d. special interests e. personal interests

c. local issues

The trading of votes between members of Congress so that each gets the legislation he or she wants is called Select one: a. gerrymandering. b. pandering. c. logrolling. d. pork-barreling. e. cloturing.

c. logrolling.

The largest share of campaign spending in a Presidential election goes to Select one: a. fundraising b. strategy & research c. media d. salaries & administration e. other

c. media

the largest share of campaign spending in a Presidential election goes to Select one: a. fundraising b. strategy & research c. media d. salaries & administration e. other

c. media

The idea that major nations should act together in response to problems and crises is called Select one: a. the one-world concept. b. détente. c. multilateralism. d. internationalism. e. containment.

c. multilateralism.

When the nation was founded, who was eligible to vote? Select one: a. everyone—there was universal suffrage b. all males and females who were at least 21 years of age c. only males who owned property d. only citizens who had lived in the nation for at least ten years e. all native-born citizens

c. only males who owned property

The ______ allows independents and sometimes voters of the other party to vote in the party's primary. Select one: a. direct primary b. closed primary c. open primary d. top-two primary e. Caucus

c. open primary

Selective perception is primarily a result of Select one: a. economic class. b. religion. c. partisanship. d. race and ethnicity. e. age and generational beliefs.

c. partisanship.

Presidential candidates are nominated through Select one: a. Primary b. Caucus c. primaries & caucuses d. Party leadership e. Electoral college

c. primaries & caucuses

While the Fourteenth Amendment was intended to protect the newly freed slaves from discriminatory action by state governments, it was also used to Select one: a. increase taxes on African American businesses. b. regulate interstate commerce. c. protect businesses from state regulation. d. pass the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890). e. limit the Federal government's regulatory power over commerce

c. protect businesses from state regulation.

All but one state constitution formed after the American Revolution Select one: a. provided for choosing governors in direct annual elections. b. provided for a less direct form of self-government than the national-level framers intended. c. provided for annual legislative elections. d. included more severe checks and balances than the U.S. Constitution. e. drastically limited the power of the executive in comparison to the legislature.

c. provided for annual legislative elections.

Opposition to the judiciary's creative policy-making role is a consistent tenet of judicial Select one: a. activism. b. liberalism. c. restraint. d. conservatism. e. relativism.

c. restraint.

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 addressed Select one: a. voting. b. hiring. c. education. d. housing. e. work conditions.

d. housing.

Which country has the highest proportion of women serving in its national legislatures? Select one: a. Sweden b. United States c. Japan d. Germany e. Canada

a. Sweden

The most powerful religious force in contemporary American society is the Select one: a. Protestants. b. religious right. c. Catholics. d. Jews. e. Muslims.

b. religious right.

Under federal law, PACs can contribute up to ________ per candidate for federal office in a primary election. Select one: a. $1,000 b. $5,000 c. $25,000 d. $50,000 e. $100,000

b. $5,000

African American men technically gained suffrage with the passage of the ________ Amendment. Select one: a. Fifteenth b. Nineteenth c. Twenty-First d. Twenty-Third e. Twenty-Sixth

a. Fifteenth

In the Constitution, procedural due process is protected by the Select one: a. Fourth Amendment. b. Fifth Amendment. c. Sixth Amendment. d. Eighth Amendment. e. All these answers are correct.

a. Fourth Amendment.

________ wrote that "Liberty is to faction what air is to fire." Select one: a. James Madison b. Alexis de Tocqueville c. Thomas Jefferson d. Theodore Lowi e. Theodore Roosevelt

a. James Madison

________, the former president of Yugoslavia, was tried for war crimes. Select one: a. Slobodan Milosevic b. Mikhail Gorbachev c. Saddam Hussein d. Lech Walesa e. None of these answers is correct.

a. Slobodan Milosevic

________ is an example of an in-kind benefit. Select one: a. The Food Stamps program b. Social security c. Unemployment insurance d. Supplemental Security Income e. None of these answers is correct.

a. The Food Stamps program

Of the following states, which one has the LOWEST percentage of Hispanics in its population? Select one: a. Washington b. New Mexico c. California d. Arizona e. Texas

a. Washington

Which of the following states is MOST likely to vote Democratic in the next presidential election? Select one: a. Washington b. North Carolina c. Montana d. Ohio e. Indiana

a. Washington

The Bill of Rights added to the Constitution, among other things, Select one: a. a guarantee of freedom of speech. b. a division of governmental authority into three branches. c. checks and balances among the three branches of government. d. restrictions against the power of corporations to influence the election process. e. term limits for elected officials to reduce their power.

a. a guarantee of freedom of speech.

A writ of certiorari is Select one: a. a request to a lower court to submit to the Supreme Court a record of the case it has - requested the Supreme Court to hear. b. the statement explaining the reasoning behind a Supreme Court decision. c. the official transcript of Supreme Court proceedings. d. a statement from a group not directly involved in a Supreme Court case, indicating the group's opinion on the legal issue at hand. e. an application for a waiver of court fees due to indigence.

a. a request to a lower court to submit to the Supreme Court a record of the case it has - requested the Supreme Court to hear.

The modern Congress is different from the nineteenth-century Congress in that most members Select one: a. are now professional politicians who want to stay in Congress. b. are now amateur politicians who want only to spend a short time in Congress. c. are now minorities or women. d. have previously been governors of their home states. e. return to their respective state legislatures after their congressional service is over.

a. are now professional politicians who want to stay in Congress.

Many white, working-class citizens failed to vote in the 1968 and 1972 elections because they felt alienated by the centrality of which political issue? Select one: a. civil rights b. the Vietnam War c. the economy d. immigration e. youth protest

a. civil rights

The special interests that benefit directly from a bureaucratic agency's programs are called Select one: a. clientele groups. b. pressure groups. c. entitlement groups. d. programmatic groups. e. recipient groups.

a. clientele groups.

Most members of Congress are Select one: a. concerned with national issues, but even more concerned with local ones. b. controlled by special interest groups. c. interested only in the work of the subcommittee on which they serve. d. opposed to the seniority system. e. more interested in oversight than in making laws.

a. concerned with national issues, but even more concerned with local ones.

In Mapp v. Ohio, the selective incorporation process was extended to include Select one: a. criminal proceedings in the states. b. civil cases. c. pleas of insanity. d. children (minors) accused of crime. e. indigent litigants.

a. criminal proceedings in the states

The U.S. social welfare system differs markedly from those of Western European democracies, a situation that is attributable in large part to America's Select one: a. cultural emphasis on individualism and its federal system of government. b. greater wealth and a cultural emphasis on charitable acts. c. weak party system and separation of executive and legislative power. d. egalitarian ethos and pluralist group system. e. dependence on foreign oil.

a. cultural emphasis on individualism and its federal system of government.

A president is likely to propose the most new programs Select one: a. during his or her first year in office. b. after reelection to a second term. c. immediately after Congress enacts a major presidential initiative. d. when international conditions are stable. e. during his or her last year in office.

a. during his or her first year in office.

Federal regulatory agencies have responsibility primarily in the area of Select one: a. economic policy. b. social welfare policy. c. foreign and defense policy. d. law enforcement policy. e. environmental policy.

a. economic policy.

The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in legal disputes involving Select one: a. foreign diplomats. b. the president. c. Congress. d. private parties. e. free speech and equal protection issues.

a. foreign diplomats.

The only counterforce that was potentially strong enough to control the business trusts of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was:: Select one: a. government. b. the buying public. c. organized labor. d. business competitors. e. farmers.

a. government.

Gender, race, religion, level of education, age, income, and religion are all examples of: Select one: a. group orientation that determines our opinions on policy. b. factors that bias our opinions. c. factors that are irrelevant to how we vote. d. factors which political party we belong to. e. factors that create "information cocoons."

a. group orientation that determines our opinions on policy.

Which of the following ideological types favor government activism in the economic realm? Select one: a. liberals and populists b. populists and libertarians c. conservatives and liberals d. populists and conservatives e. liberals and libertarians

a. liberals and populists

If the Rules Committee applies the "closed rule" to a bill, Select one: a. no amendments will be permitted. b. the bill will not be allowed a vote. c. the bill will require a 2/3 majority for passage. d. no further floor debate is allowed. e. no filibusters will be allowed to prevent a vote.

a. no amendments will be permitted.

Congress typically takes presidential proposals Select one: a. only as a starting point. b. only if the dominant party is the same as the president's party. c. and most often fast-tracks them into law. d. and tables them until they expire. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. only as a starting point.

The process by which a society settles its conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs is called: Select one: a. politics. b. government. c. elitism. d. socialism. e. communism.

a. politics.

Legislation whose tangible benefits are targeted solely at a particular legislator's constituency is often criticized as Select one: a. pork. b. logrolling. c. gerrymandering. d. private legislation. e. public interest legislation.

a. pork.

The reason the news product is designed to fascinate as well as to inform is Select one: a. that news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive. b. of the high level of illiteracy. c. that the print media wish to emulate the broadcast media. d. of the need to compete with Hollywood productions. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. that news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive.

In his criticism of the Constitution, the economist Charles Beard argued that: Select one: a. the Constitution's elaborate systems of power and representation were designed to protect the interests of the rich. b. the Constitution failed to protect the economic interests of the poorer states. c. the Constitution's commerce clause was inadequate to meet the nation's economic needs. d. the Constitution did not provide for sufficient protection of property. e. the Constitution gave too much power to the illiterate.

a. the Constitution's elaborate systems of power and representation were designed to protect the interests of the rich.

A major point of debate surrounding the Federal Reserve's role in economic policy is Select one: a. the Fed's political accountability. b. whether the president should be able to veto the Fed's decisions. c. the issue of competence. d. whether Congress should be able to reject the Fed's decisions. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. the Fed's political accountability.

Today, women currently hold about ________ of the seats in the House of Representatives. Select one: a. 7 percent b. 19 percent c. 28 percent d. 37 percent e. 49 percent

b. 19 percent

There are currently ________ voting members of the U.S. House of Representatives and ________ voting members of the U.S. Senate. Select one: a. 535; 100 b. 435; 100 c. 150; 31 d. 300; 100 e. 600; 300

b. 435; 100

Which of the following groups is MOST likely to identify with the Democratic Party? Select one: a. Hispanics b. African Americans c. white women d. white men e. white southerners

b. African Americans

Friedrich Engels believed that communism would not take root in the United States because Select one: a. the poorer American classes still had enough material wealth to be happy with their station. b. American workers lacked sufficient class consciousness. c. the government was already providing substantial financial assistance to the working class. d. the Social Security system provided workers with a safety net not available to workers in Europe. e. the government of the U.S. was too militantly anti-communist and would not allow propaganda to spread.

b. American workers lacked sufficient class consciousness.

The dominant policymaking political institution during most of the nineteenth century was Select one: a. the president and the executive branch. b. Congress. c. the Supreme Court. d. the bureaucracy. e. the mass media.

b. Congress.

Which president's use of government policy to stimulated the economy ushered in the modern era of U.S. government fiscal policy? Select one: a. Thomas Jefferson b. Franklin Roosevelt c. Lyndon Johnson d. Woodrow Wilson e. William Clinton

b. Franklin Roosevelt

Which of the following organizations is NOT an example of a single-issue group? Select one: a. Sierra Club b. National Rifle Association c. climate change groups d. right-to-life groups e. American Conservative Union

b. National Rifle Association

What was politically significant about Geraldine Ferraro in 1984? Select one: a. She became the first woman to be elected governor of a state. b. She became the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party. c. She became the first woman to serve as attorney general of the United States. d. She was the first woman to hold the top position in the U.S. House of Representatives. e. She was the first person to hold the top position in the U.S. Senate.

b. She became the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party.

Which of the following is true of the vice presidency? Select one: a. Presidents in the nineteenth century paid more attention to their vice presidents and granted them more authority. b. The Constitution assigns no executive authority to the vice president. c. Jimmy Carter reduced the power of the vice presidency by removing the vice president's office from the White House. d. The constitutional powers of the vice presidency have been increased by Congress twice during U.S. history. e. Daniel Webster and Henry Clay accepted nominations to the vice presidency as stepping stones to the presidency.

b. The Constitution assigns no executive authority to the vice president.

What is the procedural tactic employed in the Senate to prevent a bill from coming to a vote? Select one: a. mark up b. filibuster c. cloture d. pocket veto e. conference committee

b. filibuster

Historically, dramatic change in party identification is uncommon and is almost always a consequence of Select one: a. a change in the policy position of the president. b. major upheaval. c. popular satisfaction with a government initiative. d. a change in the law. e. a Supreme Court ruling.

b. major upheaval.

What percentage of state legislators are women? Select one: a. less than 5 percent b. more than 20 percent c. about 50 percent d. about 60 percent e. more than 40 percent

b. more than 20 percent

The Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) ruling held that super PAC spending Select one: a. must be coordinated with election campaigns. b. must not be coordinated with election campaigns. c. must go directly to election campaigns. d. must be preapproved by the Federal Election Commission. e. must be no more than $5,000 per federal candidate per election.

b. must not be coordinated with election campaigns.

The "due process" clause is found in which amendment? Select one: a. 13th b. 1st c. 14th d. 3rd e. 15th

c. 14th

There are roughly ________ countries in the world. Select one: a. 50 b. 100 c. 200 d. 300 e. 500

c. 200

Compared to House incumbents, Senate incumbents are more likely to face the problem of Select one: a. raising enough money to run a strong campaign. b. an electorate that is inclined to judge their fitness for reelection in the context of pork-barrel legislation and other favors for the local community. c. a strong challenger. d. name recognition. e. All of these answers are correct.

c. a strong challenger.

Alexis de Tocqueville described the United States Select one: a. as less religious than Europeans. b. as a nation of loners. c. as a nation of joiners. d. as not very civic minded. e. as lacking sophistication among voters.

c. as a nation of joiners.

The lowest level of the federal court system is the Select one: a. circuit court of appeal. b. highest level of the state courts. c. district court. d. justice of the peace. e. supreme judicial tribunal.

c. district court.

A person who favors government intervention in both social and economic affairs is a(n) Select one: a. libertarian. b. liberal. c. populist. d. social conservative. e. economic conservative.

c. populist.

Presidential appointments and treaties must be approved by Select one: a. Congress. b. only the president. c. the Senate. d. the Supreme Court. e. the secretary of state.

c. the Senate.

The minimum amount of money that a Senator must raise to compete in a small state is __________. Select one: a. 12 million b. 4 million c. 8 million d. 5 million e. 34 million

d. 5 million

Members of the ________ generate more mail to Congress than any other group. Select one: a. NRA b. ACLU c. NAACP d. AARP e. NEA

d. AARP

Which of the following states has relatively low turnout in elections? Select one: a. Idaho b. Maine c. Minnesota d. Indiana e. These four states have similar turnout rates compared to the national average.

d. Indiana

The Edward Snowden leaks about the NSA surveillance program: Select one: a. indicated that the NSA was listening to all American cell phone conversations. b. showed that the NSA was diligent about getting court orders to monitor electronic communications. c. led President Obama to quickly terminate the program. d. brought changes in how Americans' phone data was stored for NSA retrieval. e. in reality shared little or no new information.

d. brought changes in how Americans' phone data was stored for NSA retrieval.

In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the Supreme Court Select one: a. issued a decision that led to a decrease in political spending in campaigns. b. upheld the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act's limits on independent expenditures c. ruled that corporations cannot legally be considered persons. d. illustrated that it is a political body. e. nullified the power of the Federal Election Commission to monitor campaign spending.

d. illustrated that it is a political body.

The Constitution prevents the government from suspending the writ of habeascorpus, meaning that the government cannot Select one: a. prosecute persons for acts that were legal at the time they were committed. b. establish a state religion based on Christian beliefs. c. enact laws that would legalize the practice of indentured servitude. d. jail a person without a court hearing to determine the legality of his or her imprisonment. e. silence freedom of the press.

d. jail a person without a court hearing to determine the legality of his or her imprisonment.

National party organizations can dictate the day-to-day decisions of Select one: a. local party organizations only. b. state party organizations only. c. local and state party organizations. d. neither local nor state party organizations. e. party leaders in Congress.

d. neither local nor state party organizations.

The Tea Party's key initial issue was Select one: a. support for American military involvement in Iraq. b. support for American military involvement in Afghanistan. c. opposition to President Obama's climate change policies. d. opposition to high taxes. e. opposition to the Occupy Wall Street movement.

d. opposition to high taxes.

The theory that society's interests are most effectively represented through group action is Select one: a. republicanism. b. constitutionalism. c. elitist theory. d. pluralist theory. e. interest-group liberalism.

d. pluralist theory.

The main battleground for votes is Select one: a. radio. b. newspaper ads. c. magazine ads. d. television. e. social media.

d. television.

All of the following statements about Hispanic Americans are true EXCEPT that Select one: a. they are the fastest-growing minority in the United States. b. they have made major political gains in terms of electing local officials, particularly in the southwestern states. c. Hispanics are healthier and have a longer life expectancy than would be expected from their education and income levels. d. their average annual income is relatively close to the national average. e. they are one of the nation's oldest ethnic groups.

d. their average annual income is relatively close to the national average.

Which of the following is true of American unions in the 1950s? Select one: a. The right to unionize was severely restricted by two important Supreme Court rulings. b. Unionized workers saw their wages fall below the wages of their non-union counterparts. c. Unions and union workers gained control of all major industries. d. Union demands prevented the United States from benefitting from the manufacturing boom that had followed the end of World War II. e. A third of America's workers were unionized.

e. A third of America's workers were unionized.

A standing committee in the House or Senate Select one: a. is a permanent committee. b. has jurisdiction over a particular policy area. c. has authority to draft, amend, and recommend legislation. d. is usually organized according to the seniority principle. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

Compared with the Senate majority leader, the Speaker of the House has more power because Select one: a. the House places more limits on debate. b. the House is the larger chamber in terms of membership. c. the House has less of a tradition as a chamber of equals. d. the Speaker is that chamber's presiding officer. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

The National Performance Review addressed which of the following issues about the bureaucracy? Select one: a. responsiveness b. accountability c. efficiency d. the need to reduce red tape e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

Voting Select one: a. is a limited form of political participation. b. provides citizens with a regular way to express themselves. c. is the most widespread form of political participation. d. is both a means by which government controls the people and a means by which the people control government. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

Which important aspect of European thought had a big impact on the formation of the political culture of America? Select one: a. Romanticism b. Reformation c. Renaissance d. Rationalism e. Enlightenment

e. Enlightenment

How has the Government Accountability Office's role changed? Select one: a. It has acquired wide judicial and adjudication powers to deal with inter-agency disputes. b. It has changed from a presidential-executive support agency to largely a congressional support agency. c. It has been given broader powers over time to actually grant additional funds or take away funds directly from agencies. d. It has had its broad powers limited from general oversight down to keeping track of agency spending. e. It has moved from a limited role of keeping track of agency spending to also monitoring whether the agency is implementing policies in the way Congress intended.

e. It has moved from a limited role of keeping track of agency spending to also monitoring whether the agency is implementing policies in the way Congress intended.

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Select one: a. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 2012. b. initially had the support of nearly every single state. c. was passed by strong bipartisan majorities. d. is a voluntary program with no penalties for nonparticipation. e. None of these answers are correct.

e. None of these answers are correct.

Theodore Lowi's theory of interest-group liberalism Select one: a. constitutes a partial and wrongful abdication by government of its authority over policy. b. argues that lawmakers are rightly prevented from using government to promote group interests. c. posits that interest groups result in an efficient use of society's resources. d. describes the effect of groups on policy, resulting in a system of rule by majorities. e. deals with the tendency of officials to support the policy demands of the interest group or groups that have a special stake in a policy.

e. deals with the tendency of officials to support the policy demands of the interest group or groups that have a special stake in a policy.

West Virginia, the state with the lowest percentage of college graduates in the United States, Select one: a. is indicative of Americans' relative indifference to higher education. b. is evidence of the general truth that the states with the highest percentage of college graduates are located between the Rockies and the Mississippi River. c. is one of seven U.S. states with fewer than five institutions of higher learning. d. demonstrates how closed higher education in the United States is compared to the rest of the world. e. has a higher proportion of college graduates than most European countries.

e. has a higher proportion of college graduates than most European countries.

Compared to two decades ago, contemporary Americans are, on average, Select one: a. far better informed about political affairs. b. at about the same level of being informed about political affairs. c. getting most of their news from traditional media sources such as newspapers. d. much more knowledgeable about the functioning of America's political institutions. e. paying more attention to news sources that have an obvious ideological bias.

e. paying more attention to news sources that have an obvious ideological bias.

Grassroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to Select one: a. well-reasoned policy arguments. b. the opportunity for extensive media publicity. c. moral pleas. d. the efforts of party organizations. e. pressure from constituents.

e. pressure from constituents.

Through its Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court Select one: a. ruled that "free land" made "free men." b. upheld free blacks' rights of citizenship. c. upheld the principles of the Missouri Compromise. d. soothed sectarian tensions. e. ruled that Congress could not outlaw slavery anywhere in the United States.

e. ruled that Congress could not outlaw slavery anywhere in the United States.

Why have issue networks become more prevalent? Select one: a. the increasing power of corporate lobbying b. the increasing diversity of interest groups c. the increasing influence of PACs d. the instability of candidates' positions e. the increasing complexity of policy problems

e. the increasing complexity of policy problems

Which of the following, relative to the others, is typically more protective of individual rights? Select one: a. the U.S. Congress b. the general public c. public opinion d. the presidency e. the judiciary

e. the judiciary

Each of the following statements could be considered true of either economic or social liberals, EXCEPT that Select one: a. they favor government activism in the area of distribution of economic benefits. b. they prefer a smaller role for government in upholding social and cultural traditions. c. they favor more government spending for the poor. d. they believe lifestyle choices should be left to the individual. e. they believe that government should be used to promote traditional values.

e. they believe that government should be used to promote traditional values.

________ was called "the great leveler" when it began in the early nineteenth century. Select one: a. Social welfare b. Public education c. The federal government d. The Internal Revenue Service e. Social security

b. Public education

The appointment of which Supreme Court justice in 2006 swung the Supreme Court to the right? Select one: a. Ruth Bader Ginsburg b. Samuel Alito c. John Roberts d. Elena Kagan e. Antonin Scalia

b. Samuel Alito

In a constitutional system, Select one: a. there are no restrictions on the lawful uses of power, as long as this power is obtained by majority rule. b. there are lawful restrictions on a government's power. c. the economy is based on the free enterprise system. d. officials govern according to the traditions established by their predecessors. e. all citizens have absolute free speech rights.

b. there are lawful restrictions on a government's power.

When it was developed during the Jackson administration, the patronage system was designed to Select one: a. provide jobs to merit appointees. b. tie the administration more closely to the people it served. c. increase congressional control of the bureaucracy. d. increase judicial control of the bureaucracy. e. provide jobs to lawyers.

b. tie the administration more closely to the people it served.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The national debt was eliminated in 1998. b. The chair of the Fed creates the president's budget on an annual basis. c. Keynes advocated government spending to counteract an economic downturn. d. The highest budget deficit in U.S. history was $59 billion. e. The Congressional Budget Office creates the president's budget on an annual basis.

c. Keynes advocated government spending to counteract an economic downturn.

Which of the following is an accurate representation of the public's opinion about leaders and their accountability? Select one: a. Most citizens have a high opinion of Congress as a whole but say they have little confidence in their local representative in Congress. b. Most citizens have a high opinion of both Congress as a whole and their local representative in Congress. c. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress. d. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole and also of their local representative in Congress. e. Most citizens do not feel that their local representatives in Congress should be held accountable for the votes they have to make in order to stay in line with their party's platform.

c. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress.

The typical presidential appointee spends about ________ on the job before leaving for other employment. Select one: a. six months b. one year c. two years d. three years e. four years

c. two years

Why did President Obama sign the 2014 farm bill? Select one: a. He wanted the support of farm states for his reelection bid. b. It was almost exactly the bill he wanted. c. It was close to the bill he wanted, with a few exceptions. d. He recognized he had no chance of getting a better farm bill. e. None of these answers is correct.

d. He recognized he had no chance of getting a better farm bill.

A judicial decision that establishes a rule for settling subsequent cases of a similar nature is a Select one: a. writ of certiorari. b. landmark decision. c. writ of mandamus. d. precedent. e. writ of error.

d. precedent.

In an average election, about 1 in ________ House seats is a truly competitive election. Select one: a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6

e. 6

Society in Northern Ireland is presented by the text as a demonstration of what difference with U.S. society? Select one: a. the lack of importance in measured public opinion for the political process b. the status of the family as a secondary agent of socialization instead of a primary agent c. the relatively small influence that government propaganda has on the individual d. the lack of religion as a defining frame of reference e. the lack of crosscutting between groups

e. the lack of crosscutting between groups

Economist Mancur Olson refers to what aspect of interest groups as "the size factor"? Select one: a. Larger interest groups are able to draw on greater financial resources, which makes them more capable of getting the ear of lawmakers and thus achieving policy change. b. The interests of groups with large memberships would typically prevail over the interests of smaller groups. c. Small groups are ordinarily more united on policy issues and often have lower costs, enabling them to win out more often than large groups. d. The smaller an interest group, the more likely that its motivating issue will be subsumed by the agenda of a larger interest group. e. Small interest groups can often enhance their bargaining power by linking themselves to the agenda of a larger interest group that has greater resources.

c. Small groups are ordinarily more united on policy issues and often have lower costs, enabling them to win out more often than large groups.

The second-most powerful federal official (after the president) is often said to be the Select one: a. chair of the House Appropriations Committee. b. president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate. c. Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. d. chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. e. Senate majority leader.

c. Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Which of the following statements would NOT be accepted by supporters of the pluralist view of interest groups? Select one: a. People's separate interests are a legitimate basis of public policy. b. The idea of the public interest or the collective interest does not have much meaning in cases where the public is sharply divided in its policy opinions. c. The opinion of the majority should always prevail, in a policy dispute, over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority. d. Most interests benefit from the workings of the group system, which is a reason to support a policy process that is responsive to groups. e. Public policy should represent the diversity that exists in society.v

c. The opinion of the majority should always prevail, in a policy dispute, over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority.

The country with the highest degree of national pride is Select one: a. Canada b. Germany c. United States d. Spain e. France

c. United States

Which of the following countries has had the LOWEST estimated voter turnout in major national elections in recent decades? Select one: a. Denmark b. Germany c. United States d. Belgium e. Canada

c. United States

Since the 1970s US importation of goods from overseas has lead to the loss of high-paying American factory jobs and a decline in union membership. This has resulted in Select one: a. wage stagnation for the last 30 years b. a rise in unemployment and filing for unemployment benefits c. a rise in employment in the service sector and lower wage jobs d. the realization that Congress must raise the minimum to $15 e. higher tax rates passed onto businesses to offset the loss of tax revenue.

c. a rise in employment in the service sector and lower wage jobs