American government exam

assumed to be a fundamental right.

A right is unenumerated if it is listed in the Constitution. interpreted by the Supreme Court. assumed to be a fundamental right. written as law by a state or federal agency.

his conviction and execution should be upheld.

After Frank Palko was sentenced to death by the state of Connecticut, the Supreme Court ruled that his conviction and execution should be upheld. the case should be thrown out for lack of evidence. his sentence should be reduced. he was the victim of double jeopardy.

passing amendments to the Constitution.

After the Civil War, the federal government began to extend civil rights to African Americans by passing amendments to the Constitution. signing the Emancipation Proclamation. paying reparations to them. helping them move to the Northern states.

a lawyer.

All persons have the right to be represented by counsel, also known as a judge. a jury. a lawyer. a friend.

It struck down the use of strict racial quotas.

How did Regents v. Bakke change affirmative action policies? It struck down the use of strict racial quotas. It ruled race could not be factored into admissions. It limited diversity and inequality in the workplace. It changed the way applications could be written.

The House of Representatives brings articles (charges) of impeachment against an official 2. If the House adopts the articles by a simple majority vote, the official has been impeached. 3. The Senate holds an impeachment trial. In the case of a president, the U.S. Supreme Court chief justice presides. Learn more about the Senate's role in the impeachment process. 4. If found guilty, the official is removed from office. They may never be able to hold elected office again. If they are not found guilty, they may continue to serve in office

Impeachment process 1.

The parents

In Brown v. Board of Education, who instigated the lawsuit? The students The teachers The parents The schools

not been provided an attorney when he could not afford one.

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court ruled that Gideon had been denied his rights because he had hired an expensive lawyer he could not afford. not been provided an attorney when he could not afford one. paid bail he could not afford. been questioned without having his Miranda warning read.

It occurred during wartime.

In Schenck v. United States, what circumstance made this speech case special? It pertained to a foreign citizen. It involved events that occurred abroad. It occurred during wartime. It related to the commission of a crime.

juries

In a trial, who hears evidence and offers a verdict? juries witnesses police counsel

that his First Amendment rights were being violated.

In the case Gitlow v. New York, Gitlow argued that his First Amendment rights were being violated. that he couldn't be convicted of the same crime twice. that his Sixth Amendment rights guaranteed him the right to a jury. that he couldn't be jailed without being charged with a crime.

the Fourteenth Amendment applied to state law through incorporation.

One way the Fourteenth Amendment shows that the Constitution is superior to state law is states do not have to follow the Bill of Rights. the Fourteenth Amendment applied to state law through incorporation. the due process law cannot be used to incorporate the Bill of Rights. the Fourteenth Amendment cannot be incorporated as needed.

federal law only.

Read the excerpt from the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. At the time it was written, this clause originally applied to state law only. federal law only. state and federal law. local, state, and federal law.

all states follow similar rules and legal processes.

Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. [N]or shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. This clause ensures that anyone can enforce the law as long as they are citizens. all states follow similar rules and legal processes. any state can deprive its citizens of due process. all non-citizens are not covered by due process.

Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.

Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. This Fourteenth Amendment clause means that Congress cannot do anything in relation to the Fourteenth Amendment. all states have the authority to make laws to apply the amendment. all citizens will be subject to the same set of legal procedures. Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.

Congress cannot promote a religion.

Read the excerpt from the US Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. According to the excerpt, what is the role of Congress regarding religion? Congress cannot promote a religion. Congress cannot make disrespectful laws. Religious groups can only be formed by Congress. Religious groups must be governed by Congress.

to prevent the abuse of power

Read this excerpt from the Constitution. The Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent . . . abuse of its powers, that further . . . restrictive clauses should be added. According to this excerpt, what was the main purpose of ratifying the Bill of Rights? to adopt the Constitution to restrict citizens' rights to prevent the abuse of power to create a convention

is a citizen, just like someone who was born in the United States.

The citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment says a naturalized person is not a citizen and cannot become a citizen of the United States. is a citizen, just like someone who was born in the United States. must have been born in the United States, not in another country. must have been born in a country other than the United States.

make laws to apply the amendment.

The enforcement clause of the Fourteenth Amendment states that Congress has the authority to grant citizenship to people. change the Constitution. enforce only the Bill of Rights. make laws to apply the amendment.

government intrusion.

The right to privacy protects citizens from personal searches. seizure of property. government intrusion. personal incrimination.

They agreed that speech rights could be limited to protect safety.

Though the outcomes of Tinker and Schenck differed, which best describes what these court decisions have in common? They agreed that political expression could be restricted. They agreed that libel was not protected speech. They agreed that symbolic speech could be protected. They agreed that speech rights could be limited to protect safety.

the due process clause

Through which clause did state governments become bound by the Bill of Rights? the citizenship clause the equal protection clause the due process clause the enforcement clause

All three cases went to the Supreme Court for ruling.

What factor do Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, and Regents of California v. Bakke have in common? All three cases improved civil rights for minorities. All three cases went to the Supreme Court for ruling. All three cases ruled in favor of the individual. All three cases took place in the twentieth century.

If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy.

What idea was the decision in Griswold v. Connecticut based upon? If the Constitution forbids self-incrimination, husbands and wives should not be forced to testify against each other. The Constitution cannot possibly include all rights, so judges can create new ones based on what the founders must have been thinking. If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy. The Constitution does not meet everyone's needs, so citizens can disregard laws when they think the government is violating their rights.

creating quotas for minority admissions or hiring

What impact was affirmative action designed to have? creating quotas for minority admissions or hiring establishing multiple African American colleges requiring companies to only hire female executives mandating that universities eliminate all scholarship programs

a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions

What is a landmark case? a case that is based on a dispute over land a case that is based on a previous court's decision. a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions a case that has been overturned from a previous court.

You made the wrong decision.

What was the Supreme Court in the Brown case saying to the Court of the Plessy case in 1896? We agree completely with you. You made the wrong decision. The issue has changed dramatically. "Separate but equal" also applies to schools.

Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private.

What was the impact of the Griswold v. Connecticut ruling? Couples were required to keep marriage vows private. Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private. Couples were expected to obey state law regarding marriage. Couples were encouraged to regard their marriage as sacred.

increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses

What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage? increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses beginning the process of desegregation in schools establishing complete equality in admissions and hiring practices ending separation based on race in housing

Low self-esteem can have a negative impact on grades.

When Chief Justice Earl Warren stated, "A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn," what was he essentially stating? Children often struggle with wanting to study. Learning is difficult if a child is not inspired. Low self-esteem can have a negative impact on grades. Students who feel inferior often spend more time alone.

construed

When a Constitutional Amendment is ________ it is interpreted. disparaged developed construed enumerated

Both cases involved interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which accurately describes what Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education had in common? Both cases involved protecting the right to engage in civil disobedience. Both cases involved striking down state segregation laws. Both cases involved affirmative action. Both cases involved interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The right to privacy has certain limits that must be recognized.

Which best states Justice Harry Blackmun's position in Roe v. Wade? The right to privacy has certain limits that must be recognized. The welfare of the state is more important than personal privacy. The government is able to deny certain rights on a situational basis. The government is permitted to regulate rights according to law.

Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.

Which is a main idea in the Ninth Amendment? Privacy rights must be respected, unless forbidden by the state law. Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected. Certain rights are included in the Constitution and should be protected. Some rights found in the Constitution should be denied in certain situations.

right to call witnesses

Which is a procedural right protected by the Bill of Rights? right to bear arms freedom of speech right to call witnesses freedom of assembly

The process of desegregation began in all public schools throughout the country.

Which of the following was a direct result of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? Individual states were allowed to choose whether or not to segregate their public schools. The Fourteenth Amendment was deemed outdated and revised to reflect the court's verdict. The process of desegregation began in all public schools throughout the country. The connection between self-esteem and learning was made a top national priority.

the right to call witnesses

Which of these is a procedural right protected by the Bill of Rights? the right to bear arms freedom to petition the right to call witnesses freedom of assembly

Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.

Which of these statements was implied by the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority. Segregation often led to relatively equal opportunities. Segregation increased levels of personal determination. Segregation was the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment.

the right to be left alone

Which privacy right is protected by Supreme Court decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade? the right to life the right to enjoy life the right to be left alone the right to share ideas

separate but equal

Which term is defined as "a legal doctrine that permitted racial segregation in public facilities?" mandate affirmative action desegregation separate but equal

Allan Bakke

Who was responsible for initially questioning the effectiveness of affirmative action?' Justice Powell Allan Bakke UC Davis Board of Education

He sat down in a train's whites-only car.

Why was Homer Plessy arrested? He said his rights had been violated. He was clearly of mixed heritage. He refused to give his seat to a white person. He sat down in a train's whites-only car.

The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."

Why were civil rights supporters disappointed with the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson? The court rejected the idea of "separate but equal." The court ruled that African Americans were unable to drive. The court ruled that African Americans were unable to vote. The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."

because then the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal law

Why were some framers in favor of incorporating the Bill of Rights? because then the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal law because then the Bill of Rights would protect both citizens and noncitizens because then the framers would only have to follow the federal laws because then the framers would only have to follow their state's laws