American History 1-Chapter 2 &3
_________ was a Roanoke Indian who appeared to convert to Christianity but eventually returned to the Indian culture and opposed British colonists.
. Manteo
What did the first English arrivals seek to secure on their arrival in Plymouth?
A community of religious purity.
During 40 years under Dutch control, the most profitable product of the New Netherlands was
Fur
In New England, virtually all vocational instruction took place
In the home.
English men and women from the lowest ranks of society who agreed to work in exchange for passage money to the colonies were known as
Indentured servants.
Why did England conquer Ireland between 1565 and 1576?
Irish noblemen refused to submit to the English monarchy
The huge European demand for beaver pelts
Led Indians to kill more beaver than could be replaced by natural reproduction
The success of the Plymouth colony demonstrated that
New England could be inhabited by Europeans and that effective diplomatic relations with Indians were crucial.
In the mercantile system, colonies were useful to European countries because they
Provided raw materials and markets for manufactured goods.
A spirit of tolerance enabled the Dutch to
Put aside religious conflict and concentrate on trade.
Samuel de Champlain
Retraced Cartier's route up the St. Lawrence River.
Roger Williams advocated
Separation of church and state.
The French population in North America
Showed a significant increase between 1650 and 1714.
Which of the following contributed to an environment that allowed slavery to take root in the English colonies?
A weak colonial government.
New England towns were usually governed by
Adult male property owners at a town meeting
What was a notable characteristic of Jamestown during its first decade?
An appallingly high mortality rate.
Under the theory of mercantilism, one nation's gain was
Another nation's loss.
Infant mortality in the Chesapeake region during the first century of English colonization was
Approximately one half of all children born.
How did Puritans understand religious dissent?
As a replay of original sin.
The survival of the Plymouth colony was made possible by
Assistance from friendly Indians.
The English experiences in Ireland
Became a model of how the English would treat many Native Americans.
Portugal, Spain, France, and England
Believed that they conquered for God and country.
The New England colonies benefited from
Better relations with Indians than Chesapeake colonists.
To increase the number of workers in Virginia, company officials
C. Awarded 50 acres of land to those who came or brought another person to Virginia.
What group dominated the government and economy of the Netherlands after 1648?
Commercial ties with the natives
English men and women from the lowest ranks of society who agreed to work in exchange for passage money to the colonies were known as
Contract labor.
French traders and Huron and Algonquian hunters
Created a network that made each group dependent on the other.
Despite the economic boom for Virginia and Maryland produced by tobacco exports,
Death rates remained high for infants and adults.
The experience of Don Luis de Velasco, or Paquiquineo, illustrates the
Ease with which European and Indian cultures could interact.
The House of Burgesses was the first
Elected representative government in the New World.
Puritans wanted to
Eliminate aspects of Roman Catholicism from the Church of England.
The Dutch West India Company decided that the main purpose of its New Netherland colony was
Feeding colonies in Brazil and the Caribbean
French crews traded for beaver pelts used in France to make
Felt hats.
The Third Anglo-Powhatan War resulted in the
First Indian reservation in America.
The Virginia Company was the
First successful English colony in North America.
The Hakluyt cousins argued that developing North American colonies would enable England to
Free itself of economic dependency on other nations
Which of the following statements about John Smith is accurate?
Smith began his worldwide adventures as a mercenary fighting the Spanish in the Netherlands.
After threats by the Orista Indians in Florida and by England's Sir Francis Drake, the Spanish abandoned all of eastern Louisiana except for St. Augustín because
Spain regarded the area as peripheral to its primary interests.
The first clear evidence of enslavement of Africans in mainland English colonies is
The fact that Maryland's Assembly guaranteed rights to all Christians except slaves
Primary factors dictating how quickly English colonists adopted African slavery included
The need for plantation laborers and availability of slaves at a good price.
Why did Henry VIII make Protestantism the official religion of England?
The pope would not dissolve his sonless marriage with Catherine of Aragon.
How did the French learn to survive in New France?
They adapted to Indian customs and assisted Indian friends against their enemies.
What happened to the surviving members of the Pequot tribe at the end of the Pequot War in 1638?
They were sold into slavery in the colony of Providence Island.
By an Act of Toleration, settlement in Maryland was open to
Those who believed in Jesus Christ.
When Indians sold land to New England settlers, they
Usually thought they were only giving permission to share the land.
Most colonists in Virginia who did not survive were
Victims of malnutrition and disease.
Unlike Virginia, the colony of Maryland
Was the property of an individual and his heirs.
The Huron and Algonquian were
Allies with one another and the French.
Which of the following about English immigrants to Virginia in the seventeenth century is true?
As many as 90 percent of the migrants to the Chesapeake during that time period came as servants.
The Massachusetts Bay Company, founded in 1629, was
Based on the model of the Virginia Company.
John Cabot was born in
Genoa.
When a member of an Iroquois clan was lost in battle,
His tribesmen killed or seized a warrior of the offending clan.
A major result of the Beaver Wars was that
Indians were never able to replace population loss resulting from warfare
To address the colony's labor problem, Virginia governor John Rolfe
Introduced the first public works projects in American history.
The British model for controlling its North American colonies grew out of its experiences in
Ireland
The _________ was a business form in England that encouraged the English to invest in founding colonies.
Joint-stock company.
What was the attitude of the leaders of Dutch colonialism with regard to Indian territory?
Land must be purchased from Indians before it could be settled.
Powhatan, leader of the Powhatan Algonquians in Virginia, expanded his power over other groups of Indians by
Marrying women in different tribes.
Why had the Spanish been comparatively lucky in their colonizing mission to the Americas?
Mesoamerica's sedentary populations were already familiar with social hierarchies and the paying of tribute.
One way New Englanders differed from Chesapeake colonists is that they
Migrated as families rather than as individuals.
Most colonies established by European nations in the first half of the seventeenth century were
Outposts in the global economy.
The result of the Puritans' attack on the Pequot village of Mystic on May 26, 1637, was
Pequot men, women, and children were murdered by Puritans.
For the Dutch, toleration, cultural diversity, amicable relations with Indians, and slavery all served what end?
Profiting through trade.
Why were religious dissenters so frequently persecuted in late-sixteenth-century and early-seventeenth-century European nations like England?
Religion was a state matter.
By the second half of the sixteenth century, Northern Europeans considered Africans
Sexually promiscuous and brutish.
The Pequot War was the result of all of the following except
The Narragansetts who first promised aid to the Pequots but were paid by the Puritans to remain neutral in the war
How did the introduction of European goods contribute to the destruction of Indian cultures?
They made them dependent and caused them to abandon their own crafts.
Queen Elizabeth I was
Unwilling to risk her treasure on North American adventures.
The term "middle ground" refers to
an area where European and Indian cultures and people coexisted in relative peace.
What influenced European countries other than Portugal and Spain to become active in the New World?
Hope for wealth, glory, and power.
Those known as Separatists
Gave up on reforming the Church of England.
How did the Spanish King Phillip II react to explorations by France and England?
He established a string of forts.
Anthony Johnson, an African who arrived in Virginia in 1621,
Owned slaves.
When Henry Hudson's voyage gave the Dutch a claim to the Hudson River area in 1609, what was he actually seeking?
Passage to the Pacific Ocean.
Choose the correct order in which European nations embraced global colonization
Portugal—Spain—France—England.
Sir Francis Drake is best known as a
Privateer who helped defeat the Spanish Armada.
Because the French and English found no gold or silver in areas they claimed in the New World, they
Stole from the Spanish, who did find gold and silver
The Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower were
Supposed to go to the Chesapeake area to help develop Virginia.
Squanto, a Patuxet Indian,
Taught Pilgrims how to grow corn.
Most English settlers believed
That Indians were incapable of conversion to the English way of life.
