American History Exam 2

An American industry expanded in the late nineteenth century, its energy source shifted from

water to coal.

Which of the following statements characterizes changes in the lives of middle-class American children in the last decades of the nineteenth century?

A high school education became more common.

Which of the following resulted from industrialization in the decades after the Civil War?

A higher standard of living

Which of the following statements describes Charles Darwin's theories as presented in his book, On the Origin of Species?

Animals and plants adapt to better suit their environment through natural selection.

Of the nine thousand overseas Protestant missionaries in 1915, the largest percentage of them served in

Asia.

Which of the following sports was invented by YMCA instructors in the 1890s?

Basketball

What late-nineteenth-century development made it possible for rural Americans to participate in the national consumer culture?

Catalogs

New corporate managers pioneered which system to track expenses and revenues in the late nineteenth century?

Cost accounting

Which of the following statements characterizes the economics of working-class family life in late-nineteenth-century America?

Due to their dire economic circumstances, working-class families frequently sent their children out to work in mills, factories, or mines.

Which of these concepts followed directly from the philosophy of Social Darwinism?

Eugenics laws

Why did so few African American men hold factory jobs in the United States in 1890?

Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants.

Which of the following statements characterizes family life in the late 1800s?

Family size continued its steady decline because middle-class children in cities were not needed for work.

Which of these factors were the critical determinants of workers' occupational opportunities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Gender and race

Which of the following policies did the Greenback-Labor Party support in the 1870s?

Inflation

Which of the following describes the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in the late nineteenth century?

It supported woman suffrage as a tool that could challenge the liquor interest.

Which of the following statements characterizes urban leisure in post-Civil War America?

Leisure became a commercial commodity enjoyed outside the home.

Which of the following were skilled workers with a relatively high degree of autonomy in the 1870s?

Machinists

Which of the following statements characterizes the employment of women in the American labor force during the late nineteenth century?

More than 75 percent of all stenographers and typists were female.

Why has the Labor movement always been relatively weak in American politics?

Most industrial workers live in urban areas and cities, which are underrepresented in Congress.

In 1880s, the Women's Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) controversially threw its support behind the

Prohibition Party.

The Great Strike of 1877 involved workers in which industry?

Railroads

Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the literary movements in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Sierra Club-founded by John Muir to preserve the environment

Which of the following authors is correctly matched with one of his works?

Stephen Crane- "To Build a Fire"

Which of the following describes vertically integrated corporations?

Such corporations controlled all aspects of their operations' businesses.

In which of the following athletic activities were elite women in their twenties likely to participate?

Tennis

Why was the American Federation of Labor more successful than the Knights of Labor in the late nineteenth century?

The AFL focused on goals such as better wages, hours, and working conditions.

Which of the following is true of religion in the city at the turn of the twentieth century?

The Catholic Church incorporated ethnic differences in urban areas.

The growth of the YMCA in late-nineteenth-century American cities resulted from which of the following factors?

The YMCA prompted "muscular Christianity" for white collar workers.

Why was the Haymarket incident of 1886 significant?

The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor.

Why was the strike by steelworkers at Homestead, Pennsylvania, significant?

The lockout represented Carnegie's effort to break the plant's union.

Why did the rate of college attendance quadruple between the 1880s and the 1920s?

The public university system expanded.

Which of the following statements describes the Chinese immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century?

They faced more severe discrimination than European immigrants.

Which of the following describes the traveling salesmen of the late nineteenth century?

They helped build nationwide distribution networks for a multitude of products.

What did Andrew Carnegie, Gustavus Swift, and John D. Rockefeller have in common?

They succeeded through vertical integration.

The typical American middle-class household in 1900 consisted of husband, wife, and how many additional family members?

Three children

How did John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Corporation come to control 95 percent of the nation's oil refining capacity by the 1880s?

Through predatory pricing and the creation of the trust

Why was the United Daughters of the Confederacy founded in 1894?

To promote the "Lost Cause" of the South in the Civil War

During the late 1800s, an adult male immigrant from which of the following locations would most likely be a skilled worker?

Wales

Which region of the United States had responded to women's voting rights movement by 1900?

West

By the early 1900s, many business leaders encouraged their male workers to participate in sports to

adjust to the demands of the industrial clock.

Gustavus Swift boosted productivity in his Chicago slaughterhouses in the 1860s by using

assembly lines

In terms of membership, the Knights of Labor discriminated

by excluding the Chinese.

The Women's Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) was the first national movement to

identify and fight against domestic violence.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton's speech to Congress in 1892 on the "solitude of sell" referred to the

importance of women's autonomy in modern society.

Iowans created the American Protective Organization in 1887 to

oppose the influence of Catholics in the United States.

New immigration patterns in the early twentieth century reflected growing emigration from

southern and Eastern Europe.

Protestant churches that espoused the Social Gospel

taught that Christians should fight for social justice and the public welfare.

After the Civil War, Republican economic policies led to

the dominance of large corporations.

The Urban revivalism of Billy Sunday represented

the fundamentalism movement.