American Pop Ch.18 & Ch.19

Pop & Alternative What is Michael Jackson known as?

***The King of Pop*** - He was also the star of all of his "Thriller" videos.

Pop & Alternative What was special about MJ's "Billy Jean" single?

- "Billy Jean" was on the 'Thriller' album. - The hit single was #1 on the Pop Charts for 7 weeks. - ***MJ performed this song on the 25th anniversary of Motown in 1983, when he performed his later-known trademark, the Moon Walk.***

Pop & Alternative What did U2 do?

- ***'Joshua Tree' was an album that included songs of personal nature tributes to specific people and fans, and songs that made general statements and support of the work done by Amnesty International.*** - ***The song "With or Without You" is from this album, released in 1987.*** - You can hear the New Wave influence in the repeating pulse in the bass.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was the usual instrumentation of Industrial rock?

- ***A very high-decibel level is an important characteristic of many industrial recordings and performances.*** - ***The music was very loud and used different noise-makers, including electric guitars played with an electric drill, synthesized sounds, taped loops with electronic sounds, A LOT of distortion, and screaming voices.*** - They essentially just wanted to make as much noise as possible.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What movement occurred during this time?

- ***A very political punk movement began in Washington DC in the early 80's called the Straight Edge movement after the title of the song "Straight Edge" by Minor Threat.*** - ***Minor Threat is the band formed in 1980 by Ian MacKaye.*** - ***The Straight Edge movement was against drugs, tobacco, alcohol, hedonism, and irresponsible sex.*** - Their songs were short, fast, and intense. - Some followers were even strict vegetarians.

Pop & Alternative Who is Amnesty International?

- ***An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights with its headquarters located in the UK.***

Pop & Alternative What was iconic of hair bands?

- ***Androgynous hairdos and makeup made a new appearance on heavy metal stages with 80's performers like Motley Crue and Twisted Sister.*** - ***Long, full hairdos and makeup and songs about drinking and partying gave heavy metal a lighter image than before.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots "Bela Lugosi's Dead" (1979) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics:

- ***Artist: Bauhaus.*** - ***Tempo: Approx. 152 BPM, gradually slowing to approx. 144 BPM by the end; 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: Instrumental intro just under 2:43; Vocals follow and then a long instrumental with a few vocal calls at the end.*** - Features: ~ Instruments include guitar, bass, and drums, along with varied electronic sound effects. ~ The drums play a steady beat, if gradually slowing, and even beat subdivisions with a subtle hint at a back beat. ~ Murphy's very deep voice is mostly spoken with some changes in pitch. - Lyrics: Vampire imagery includes capes, bats, virgins, coffins lined in red velvet, darkness, and the thought that vampires do not die; Bela Lugosi played Dracula in the movie "Dracula".

Pop & Alternative "Nothin' But a Good Time" (1988) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Poison*** - ***Tempo: 130 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: Instrumental intro of a 4-bar riff played four times, then extended 2 more bars; mostly 8-bar phrases with some extensions and some use of two 1/2 beat pickups.*** - Features: ~ Uneven beat subdivisions. ~ Strong backbeat in drums. ~ 24-bar instrumental section ends with an opening riff played twice. ~ Solo guitar featured in the instrumental section. - Lyrics: The singer resents having to work so hard to get money to have a good time. - Charts: Pop #6.

Pop & Alternative "Karma Chameleon" (1983) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Boy George and The Culture Club*** - ***Tempo: 184 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: 10-bar instrumental intro, then 16-bar sections that repeat and contrast as 'ABABC' (instrumental) 'ABBBB'; the instrumental sections is 8 bars long; 'A' sections have new lyrics, and the 'B' sections are refrains with the same text in each; 'C' is a contrasting section.*** - Features: ~ Introductory rhythm pattern contrasts with the rest of the song. ~ Drums play a strong backbeat and even beat subdivisions. ~ Accompanying instruments are guitar, bass, drums, and a harmonica-like solo instrument with some use of electronics. - Lyrics: "The song is about the terrible fear of alienation that people have the fear of standing up for one thing. It's about trying to suck up to everybody. Basically, if you aren't true, if you don't act like you feel, then you get Karma-justice. That's nature's way of paying you back." (Boy George) - Charts: Pop Charts #1 for three weeks, British hit singles #1.

Alienated & Back To The Roots "Born In The USA" Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Bruce Springsteen.*** - ***Tempo: 122 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: Recording based on repetition of a 2-bar riff; each 8-bar section includes the riff played four times.*** - Features ~ Uneven Beat Subdivisions ~ Strong backbeat in drums. ~ Springsteen's powerful vocals support the sense of anger in the lyrics. - Lyrics: Sung from the point of view of a Vietnam veteran who returned to the US having lost his brother in Vietnam, was turned down for a job, given no assistance form the VA Office, and ended up in prison. - Charts: Pop #9

Pop & Alternative "Papa Don't Preach" (1986) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Madonna*** - ***Tempo: 126 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: 16-bar intro, followed by 8-bar sections, some of which are extended to 10 or 16 bars.*** - Features: ~ Even beat subdivisions. ~ The recording features a synthesized string orchestra in the intro and as background later on. ~ Drums enter at the 9th bar and play accent a strong backbeat. ~ In addition to drums, rock instruments include electric bass, keyboards, both acoustic and electric guitars, and other percussion. ~ Backup vocals support Madonna's lead vocals towards the end of the recording. - Lyrics: The singer tells her father that she is pregnant, in love with the baby's father, and planning to marry him and keep the baby; she asks her father for advice but doesn't seem prepared to accept it. - Charts: Pop #1 for two weeks, British hits #1.

Alienated & Back To The Roots "Master of Puppets" (1986) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics:

- ***Artist: Metallica.*** - ***Tempo: 208 BPM, but a center section slows to half speed; most bars have 4 beats but some have five 1/2 beats and some 2 beats.*** - ***Form: The overall form is = 'ABABCD' (instrumental) 'AB' (instrumental)*** - Features: ~ Even beat subdivisions. ~ Drums sometimes accent the backbeat and also sometimes accent beats of the bass riff and guitar pattern. ~ Guitar and bass play together in short riff patterns. ~ The intensity of speed is aided by the shortened bars. ~ Power chords add depth. ~ The slower instrumental C section provides a break from the intensity of the rest of the recording. ~ The recording ends with the band members laughing at their puppet victim. - Lyrics: The singer plays the role of a drug that has gained control of the person who took it and promises to kill his puppet victim.

Pop & Alternative "Billie Jean" (1983) Artist: Tempo: Form: Feature: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Michael Jackson*** - ***Tempo: 118 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: 14-bar instrumental intro, then verses and choruses based on 8 bars, but sometimes are extended to 12 bars with repetitions of sections of text.*** - Features: ~ Strong backbeat in drums. ~ Even beat subdivisions. ~ Synthesized orchestral chords sometimes play on beats 1 and the half-beats after 2. ~ Other orchestral background includes synthesized strings and horns. ~ Backup vocals support Jackson's lead vocals through repetitions of text. - Lyrics: The song is a cautionary tale about promiscuity, where the singer feels trapped by the allegation he has fathered a child, even though he does admit that the baby has his eyes. - Charts: Pop #1 for seven weeks, R&B #1 for nine weeks, British hits #1.

Alienated & Back To The Roots "Stigmata" (1988) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Ministry.*** - ***Tempo: 152 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: Mostly 8-bar sections with many extensions in no apparent pattern.*** - Features: ~ Even beat subdivisions. ~ Strong backbeat most of the time. ~ Instruments include electronic sounds, distorted guitars, distorted bass playing riff patterns, distorted vocals, drums, and other noises. ~ Vocals have been electronically altered by removing all high overtones to create a robotic effect. ~ The repetitious riff and drum patterns, along with background noises, create the feeling of being caught in a factory and doing and hearing the same things hour after hour. - Lyrics: "Stigmata" means that a person's flesh has been pierced and the vocalist screams about trying to get something out of his eyes, chewing on and being cut with glass, and walking on splinters; the pain and anger are directed at someone who has lied to him.

Alienated & Back To The Roots "Straight Edge" (1981) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics:

- ***Artist: Minor Threat.*** - ***Tempo: 188BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: Instruments play a 4-bar intro and one other 4-bar break between 2 sections of lyrics; vocal sections include a 9-bar verse and a chorus that varies in length depending on the number of repetitions of text.*** - Features: ~ Drums pound a steady, evenly subdivided beat with little sense of a backbeat. ~ Cymbals crash to add intensity to the beat. ~ The guitar and bass pound the beat without playing the melody. ~ Vocals are fast and shouted with great intensity and do not always follow the beat played by the instruments. ~ The song is 47 seconds short and ends very abruptly. - Lyrics: The language is crass and direct in expressing contempt for people who take drugs of any kind.

Pop & Alternative "Everyday Is Like Sunday" (1988) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Morrissey.*** - ***Tempo: 116 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: 8 or 16 bar sections.*** - Features: ~ Even beat subdivisions, though some uneven in Morrissey's vocals. ~ Strong backbeat in drums. ~ Eighth-note pulse in electric bass guitar. ~ A guitar sometimes is featured, but most instrumental backing by a full-sounding synthesized orchestral. - Lyrics: Banality of all events, even apocalyptic ones; the singer imagines a post-nuclear war world that is just another gray Sunday in an English coastal town. - Charts: British hits #9; British Top 10 for six weeks.

Pop & Alternative "Little Red Corvette" (1982) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: Prince*** - ***Tempo: 126 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: 9-bar intro, then mostly 8-bar sections.*** - Features: ~ Even beat subdivisions, but sometimes uneven vocals. ~ Strong backbeat in drums through much of the recording. ~ Instrumental background is full and features and electronic organ. ~ Prince overdubbed all instrumental parts except the solo guitarist in the instrumental section; Prince sings the lead vocals with additional two backup singers. ~ The recording begins and ends at low volume level with crescendo and decrescendo in the middle. - Lyrics: The singer analogizes a promiscuous girl to a red Corvette sports car; he advises the girl to find monogamy (a love that will last). - Charts: Pop #6, R&B #15, British hits #34.

Alienated & Back To The Roots "Angel of Death" (1986) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics:

- ***Artist: Slayer.*** - ***Tempo: Approx. 208 BPM, 4 beats per bar most of the time, but the effect of speed is enhanced by some bars ending 1/2 a beat early.*** - ***Form: Instruments in the intro and other places spaced through the recording; lengths vary; most vocal phrases are 8 bars long.*** - Features: ~ The recording is very intense with a fast riff pattern strummed on the guitar accompanied by powerful, pounding drums and bass. ~ The drums pound a back beat much, but not all, of the time. ~ Even beat subdivisions. ~ Vocals are very fast, forced-sounding speech and frequently include screams; they are difficult to understand. ~ The instrumental ending features a very fast, almost screeching guitar solo. - Lyrics: The song is about the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz; the 'Angel of Death' is Josef Mengele who was the Nazi doctor primarily responsible for the torture and death of prisoners from his experiments during the Holocaust; the lyrics to this song include horribly graphic descriptions of the types of torture used there. + Note + : Some listeners might find lyrics to this and other songs by Slayer to be offensive.

Pop & Alternative "With or Without You" (1987) Artist: Tempo: Form: Features: Lyrics: Charts:

- ***Artist: U2*** - ***Tempo: 108 BPM, 4 beats per bar.*** - ***Form: 12-bar instrumental intro with soft arpeggios on synthesizer backed by drums, then bass at 5th bar playing eight note (half beat) pulse; mostly 8-bar periods.*** - Features: ~ Even beat subdivisions. ~ Repeated pulse in bass similar to that used in much punk music, but slower than in punk. ~ Backbeat in drums. ~ Ethereal background played on synthesizer. ~ Crescendos and decrescendos used for dramatic effect. - Lyrics: A statement of pained love; the singer expresses the wish to be with a lover, and the realization that the feeling is not reciprocated. - Charts: Pop #1 for three weeks, British hits #4.

Pop & Alternative Who were the members of U2?

- ***Bono Vox (Paul Hewson) = lead singer.*** - The Edge (David Evans) = guitarist and keyboards. - Adam Clayton = Bass. - Larry Mullen = Drums.

Pop & Alternative What was special about Prince's style and instrumentation?

- ***Both soul and funk are important elements in Prince's music.*** - ***He never had any formal music lessons, but he learned to sing and play piano, guitar, and drums.*** - ***He also wrote his own music and played all of his own instrumental parts on almost all of the tracks on his first 5 albums.*** - ***His style basically combined funk with rock, with influences of new wave, disco, and rap.***

Pop & Alternative Why was the Culture Club named the Culture Club?

- ***Boy George and The Culture Club was named so due to how it had Irish members, African-British, Jewish, and Anglo-British, making them multi-cultural.*** - Their debut album had 3 Top 10 hits in the US, matching a record previously held by only the Beatles. - Their huge international hit, "Karma Chameleon," came from their 2nd album.

Alienated & Back To The Roots Who was Bruce Springsteen?

- ***Bruce Springsteen's style developed out of experimenting with every different rock style imaginable.*** - He had rockabilly form Elvis and Chuck Berry, Rhythm & Blues, Bob Dylan-like folk rock, and the pop style of Phil Specter's wall of sound. - ***Springsteen was known for his compassion for the underprivileged, and his songs often talked about family and responsibility and how difficulties in life sometimes overtake people.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What were some American Industrial rock bands?

- ***By the early 80's, the Industrial movement had made its way to America and to cities like Chicago.*** - ***The band Ministry (from Chicago) was formed to vent their anger at the modern world.*** - ***Trent Reznor's Nine Inch Nails was formed in Cleveland.*** - The layers of noise for which Industrial Rock is known can be heard in Ministry's song "Stigmata".

Alienated & Back To The Roots What type of vocalizations were often used in Gothic Rock?

- ***Gothic rock often used a lot of male singers with very low voices singing at very low-pitched levels.*** - Peter Murphy in Bauhaus is an example of this.

Pop & Alternative What did Prince change his name to?

- ***He changed his name in 1993 to a love symbol combining masculinity, femininity, and peace.*** - ***This confused a lot of fans and since then was known as "Formerly..." or "The Artist..." (All of which are shortened versions of the title, "The Artist Formerly Known As Prince".)*** - ***The name change did not go well, and he changed his name back to Prince in the early 2000's.*** - He passed away in 2016 from an accidental overdose.

Pop & Alternative What did Prince do after his "Purple Rain" project?

- ***He formed his own record company called Paisley Park Records in 1985 where he continued to produce soundtracks and other albums with great success.*** - In the 90's, his career went a little more erratic. - ***His new band, the New Power Generation, made a few albums with hit singles, and it included rapper Tony M, adding a hip-hop connection to Prince's already very-diverse style.***

Pop & Alternative What was his stuff popular?

- ***He had a reputation for very erotic lyrics with his 'Dirty Mind' album, which was so dirty it wasn't even played on the air.*** - ***People liked it due to its mixture of funk and pop music with fuzz tone guitar. *** - ***"Little Red Corvette" was his first Top 10 single from his '1999' album that was actually released in 1982.***

Pop & Alternative What was so special about MJ's 'Thriller' album?

- ***His music was funky, fun, and he was a fabulous dancer and entertainer.*** - ***His "Thriller" videos on MTV boosted the album sales and included more of the African American audience.*** - ***The 'Thriller' album had over 45 million copies, making it the best selling album to that date.*** - It was #1 in the US for 37 WEEKS (Over half a year!). It was also #1 in Britain and several other countries as well.

Pop & Alternative What was special about the song "Everyday Is Like Sunday"?

- ***His song "Everyday Is Like Sunday" uses a synthesized orchestral sound.*** - ***It was in the British Top 10 for six weeks, but it never entered Top 40 in the US, making him stay labeled as an alternative artist.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots Who were Hüsker Dü?

- ***Hüsker Dü had a Sex Pistols-influenced sound of their own with a thick, very high-volume buzz-saw guitar sound that blurred the distinction between melody and rhythm.*** - They had driving bass lines, a pounding beat, and the lead singer, Bob Mould's, shouted monotone vocals were also derived from punk influences.

Pop & Alternative How did television affect music consumers?

- ***In the late 70's, record and tape sales dropped due to people buying videos, video games, and other home-tech products.*** - Certain businessmen saw this as an opportunity as to what could be accomplished beyond shows such as the Ed Sullivan show. - ***Cable TV seemed like the best option, though it also required cables to be installed under or above the streets and physically connected directly to users' homes and businesses.*** - It took several years for this to be available nation-wide.

Pop & Alternative How did the development in video technology affect artists and their music in the early 80's?

- ***In the late 70's, there was a lot of growth in video technology, meaning that music in the 80's had to have a video component.*** - ***This changed the music and the artist by how they performed, what they wore, what the songs were about, etc.*** - MTV allowed fans to see their favorite artists 24/7. - ***Thus, artists that were also good dancers became superstars almost-instantaneously due to how their music could now be both heard and seen.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was iconic of Gothic Rock?

- ***It included Drones (long held notes common in medieval music). These are often found in instrumentals by bagpipes.*** - ***In the 80's, musicians moved away from the traditional punk music to create Gothic Rock (aka Death Rock).*** - ***It was an important underground movement in the US, and the music stressed low voices, bass instruments, and slow tempos. (Such as those at funeral marches.)** - ***They also used drums, but electronic effects were applied to create a hypnotic repetition of short melodic phrases. (Similar to the minimalist style.)***

Pop & Alternative How did Madonna's dancing experience aid in the form of her music?

- ***It made her music fun to dance to.*** - ***Her videos really showcased her dancing talent.***

Pop & Alternative Who was Michael Jackson?

- ***MJ had been a Motown Record Company child star with the Jackson Five at age 10 in the late 60's.*** - After the family left Motown, Michael kept singing in his brother's group, which was when they renamed themselves to the Jacksons. (Motown owned the title "Jackson Five".) - ***Then, MJ emerged as a solo star with his first solo album "Off The Wall" in 1979, which included four Top 10 singles.***

Pop & Alternative What type of audience did MTV cater to and who broke the racial barrier of it?

- ***MTV geared its music to the tastes of the very large rock-pop audience, causing them to reject several videos by African American artists.*** - Naturally, this caused music critics to question MTV's morals. - ***However, Michael Jackson, an African American artists who at the time was starting to satisfy the musical tastes of MTV's audiences.*** - ***He broke the racial barrier as he and his second solo album, 'Thriller', had just reached #1 in 1982***

Pop & Alternative What was Madonna's imagery?

- ***Madonna possessed an image of an independent woman who didn't care about the classifications of female performers or what people thought.*** - She essentially got what she wanted. - She became a sex symbol image in some videos and movie roles, which became controversial but also boosted her record sales.

Pop & Alternative Who is Madonna?

- ***Madonna, born Madonna Louise Ciccone in 1958, had the most commercial appeal and success with the help of MTV.*** - Her debut album 'Madonna' in 1983 hit the charts in both Britain and the US. - Many successful albums and singles followed afterwards. - ***Madonna's experience as a dancer helped her image on MTV, and it also helped to form her music.***

Pop & Alternative What did 80's Romanticism performers/artists do?

- ***Many of the 80's performers wore ruffled, lacy shirts (similar to 19th-century victorian style of dress).**** - ***The "Romantic" part of Romanticism allowed the performers to dress in a variety of styles in a number of different ways.*** - Makeup and androgynous clothing were also a part of this. - ***It started in Britain, but influenced American performers.*** - ***There's an expression of tons of different cords and expression of poetry, attitudes, and emotions that were wildly different from the previous era.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What happened to Metallica?

- ***Metallica's bassist was killed in a bus crash while the band was touring in Sweden.*** - ***He was replaced, though, and their next album charted in the Top 10. (This was very unusual for speed metal bands.)*** - ***Their album 'Metallica' hit #1 the week it was released, and contained several Top 40 singles.*** - They even won a Grammy award for another album and they toured a lot.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What movement did Minor Threat contribute to?

- ***Minor Threat in 1983 and Ian MacKaye formed other punk bands, including Fugazi and Embrace, both of which were influential on the development on the later-very-emotional hardcore movement called Emo.**

Pop & Alternative What happened to Morrissey?

- ***Morrissey eventually left the group, going on a solo career without a regular band.*** - ***His choice of backup musicians varied from album-to-album.*** - Sometimes they included members of The Smiths.

Pop & Alternative Who was Morrissey of The Smiths?

- ***Morrissey was the lead singer and songwriter for The Smiths.*** - ***He had a very James Dean-like image.*** - He had an image of rebellion and recklessness but wrote these very pensive, introspective songs about loneliness and seclusions. - ***His 50's-style image and music was heavily influenced by Budd Holly, the early Beatles, and Elvis Costello due to them being from the same place he was from.***

Pop & Alternative What does the term "Alternative" refer to?

- ***The term "Alternative" was used for bands that played a harder, edgier kind of music, and had a more traditional look due to them being seen as an Alternative (a different option to the large-scale spread of the pop styles of the day).***

Alienated & Back To The Roots Who was Motörhead?

- ***One of the earliest bands to combine Punk's energy with the power of heavy metal was the British band Motörhead, formed in 1975.*** - Their name is the slang term for the drug meth (aka "speed"). - The umlaut was just for decoration. - They had a very large British following, and then inspired later bands like Iron Maiden, Guns and Roses, and many American speed metal bands.

Alienated & Back To The Roots Who was the band Bauhaus?

- ***One of the most effective of the Gothic bands was the British band Bauhaus.*** - ***They are known for their recording "Bela Lugosi's Dead".*** - They often wore all-black clothing and dark glasses.

Alienated & Back To The Roots Who was Slayer?

- ***One of the most influential of the death metal bands was Slayer.*** - Formed in Huntington Beach, California, they recorded their first album with Def Jam Records, but the company's distributor was actually Columbia (who refused to release the album). - It was finally released by Gecko Records.

Alienated & Back To The Roots Who were the Replacements?

- ***Paul Westerberg was heavily influenced by the Sex Pistols, and formed his own band, called the Replacements.*** - ***It wasn't exactly a punk band, but they played loud and fast music that fit the general style at first.*** - ***As Paul's writing matured, they moved away from their angry punk roots, to more sensitive expressions of loneliness and insecurity.***

Pop & Alternative Who was Poison?

- ***Poison formed in Pennsylvania, but they relocated to LA.*** - ***One of their Top 10 hits,"Nothin' But a Good Time" reached #6 on the US Pop Charts.*** - Their success was partially due to their versatility. - ***They had another few hits on an album, one of which was 'Every Rose Has Its Thorn'.*** - Their next 2 albums sold really well, and they stayed together until the 2000's.

Pop & Alternative What is special about Poison's band members?

- ***Poison was another popular hair band that had their own hairdresser who was also the drummer, Rikki Rockett.***

Pop & Alternative What did Prince do for his Purple Rain project?

- ***Prince decided to hire a backup band that he called The Revolution for his next project, called Purple Rain.*** - ***In 1984, it was a film, an album, and a whole concert tour.*** - ***5 Top 40 hit singles were released from the album, tying Michael Jackson's record.*** - ***It won 3 Grammy's and an Oscar for "Best Original Song Score."*** - The movie was Prince's acting debut. - This project established Prince as a major star.

Pop & Alternative Who created MTV?

- ***Robert Pittman had been a program director for radio stations in Chicago and New York.*** - He supervised production of a TV music program called Album Tracks that showed short rock videos. - ***In an attempt to create an entire television channel that showed rock music videos all the time, he, along with several others, created a new cable station called MTV.*** - Its first program aired on August 1, 1981.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What became a common occurance at Industrial rock performances?

- ***Sadomasochism became part of the stage performances of many Industrial groups.*** - Group members and fans would pierce themselves with pins and other things.

Pop & Alternative Who were some first groups to appear on MTV?

- ***Some of the earliest MTV videos were by groups such as Duran Duran, The Stray Cats, and Men At Work.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was important about Springsteen's album 'Born In The USA'?

- ***Some of this hopelessness is seen in the lyrics of many of the songs on the album 'Born In The USA'.*** - The driving beat of the music made it more commercially appealing. - ***With the album's title song "Born In The USA", Springsteen attacked the lack of support from the government and in the job market given to veterans of the Vietnam war.*** - It was at first an anthem about how important it is to be an American.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What are speed metal and thrash metal?

- ***Speed metal combined heavy-metal vocals and fuzz tone guitar timbres with the throbbing beat of punk.*** - The solos were played at break-neck speed. - ***Thrash metal was similar to speed metal, but it was angrier and more often stressed demonic themes of earlier British heavy metal.*** - With the developments of American speed metal and thrash, the differences between British and American heavy metal of the 70's generally dissolved.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was Industrial Rock?

- ***The Industrial Rock movement began in England in the late 70's.*** - ***The term "Industrial" was used as a statement against the decay of urban life and the dependency of work in the factory and industrial jobs.*** - Industrial bands saw the government and Monarchy as intrusive and controlling of every aspect of their lives. - ***They didn't just hate it, they were essentially anti-government, even feeling that in art there was too much concern for form and balanced structure and that caused a lack of freedom of expression.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots Which novel really influenced the Industrial rock movement?

- ***The Industrialist views of control were influenced by the sadistic desires to dominate all aspects of life and expression by the Beat writer William Burroughs in his 1959 novel "Naked Lunch".***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was the instrumentation of Gothic Rock like?

- ***The drums often included too much energy for the style, so drum machines were used instead.*** - ***They also used organs (both regular and electronic) with electronic reverb to sound like they were in stone medieval cathedrals.*** - ***80's Gothic Rock used this idea with their music, and they wrote specifically so to create a sound effect without having to actually be in a cathedral.*** - Sometimes, the songs had very long, (sometimes 5-minnutes in length) instrumental introductions to set the very somber mood.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was the song "Angel of Death" about?

- ***The song "Angel of Death" from this album is sometimes cited as an important example of death metal due to its horrendous and graphic portrayal of death at the Auschwitz concentration camp during the Holocaust.*** - It includes Nazi brutality which even non-death metal fans appreciated, even if they didn't like the other lyrics on the album.

Pop & Alternative What does "Romanticism" refer too?

- ***The term 'Romanticism' refers to 19th century European artists who stressed individuality, emotion, and very exotic images in works that often included ruffled, lacy shirts, and other non-traditional styles of dress.*** - ***The term refers to a time when these poets and creative artists broke away from the confines of the previous era and embraced all different things.*** - The New Romanticism movement pop music of the 1980's did this too.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was special about Metallica's 'Master of Puppets' album?

- ***The title track of Metallica's album 'Master of Puppets' from 1986 made a very powerful statement about the dangers of drug use.***

Pop & Alternative What was special about R.E.M.'s music?

- ***Their album, 'Out Of Time' in 1991 included the track "Losing My Religion".*** - The whole album expanded their instrumentation to allow the mellotron, harpsichord, pedal-steel guitar, mandolin, bow string, horns, and even a female vocal group. - ***This song really emphasizes the fact that they made political statements with their music.***

Pop & Alternative What did R.E.M. do?

- ***They redefined Southern Rock of the 1980's.*** - ***They didn't emphasize the complicated or highly-technical instrumental solos like Lynyrd Skynyrd.*** - ***They didn't put the lead singer's vocals at the fore-front.*** - Their drummer usually maintained a strong backbeat, and the guitar often overlapped bass lines so that no one part stood out clearly from the other ones. - ***In their later music, Michael Stipe (their lead singer) did separate his vocals from the texture, due to them eventually wanting their lyrics to stand out.***

Pop & Alternative Who was U2?

- ***They were based in Dublin, Ireland, emerging as a symbol of optimism and peace before the 80's.*** - They were very similar to R.E.M. in that they didn't stress the solo styles of individual instruments but worked to make a thick, instrumental timbre to which vocals were added. - It almost had a "wall-of-sound" kind of idea, accompanied by voices.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was the instrumentation of Motörhead?

- ***They were first labeled as a punk band, but their image was more-so that of the leather-jacket biker, with their music being fast, tight, and loud. *** - While raw power was still an important element, their lyrics sometimes portrayed death and destruction as the evils of drug use and war. - This was similar to how folk singers and singer-songwriters did in the 60's and 70's.

Pop & Alternative What was the instrumentation of U2?

- ***They were influenced by New York pub bands such as Television, the Patti Smith Group, and the Ramones.*** - ***They took the rhythm and blues soul of Van Morrison and personal commitments and concern for the common man Bruce Springsteen to make their own sound.*** - ***They used electronic instruments to fill it out, but they didn't over-complicate the basic instrumentation.*** - ***In all of their music, U2 very consciously tried to make honest, meaningful statements. (Some of which being cries for peace both personally and politically.)***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What type of an audience was thrash and speed metal directed towards?

- ***Thrash was another style rooted in both punk and earlier heavy metal was played by bands like Anthrax from New York.*** - Audiences would dance their way through the concerts. - ***The lyrics of original songs by speed metal and thrash metal bands were really directed at an audience of angry and aggressive young people who felt alienated from society.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots Who were two of the earliest Industrial Rock bands?

- ***Two of the most important early industrial bands were Throbbing Bristle and Cabaret Voltaire.*** - ***Throbbing Bristle even built their own keyboard that had one octave of notes that were made with cassette tapes of screaming voices instead of piano keys.*** - They even used a shoe polisher with distortion. - They influenced American bands.

Pop & Alternative Who was Prince?

- Another brilliant African American performer on MTV was Prince. - ***His mom was a singer and his dad was a jazz musician, whose stage name was Prince Rogers. (This was where he got the name "Prince".)***

Alienated & Back To The Roots - What were some bands that came after Motörhead?

- Bands that followed Motörhead include Metallica, Megadeth, and Slayer.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What topics were included in death metal?

- Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, and other heavy metal bands painted images of death and the power of the devil and other demons in their music. - It was present, but wasn't overwhelmingly awful or bad. - Then, modern audiences of the time didn't want just images that vaguely referenced death and evil as younger fans became obsessed with all things heinous and wanted lyrics about actual murders and the actual presence of the devil. - ***Death metal began with underground bands that took those images beyond to real-life connections.*** - ***By the mid-1980's, the death metal following had grown so much that albums were being distributed nation-wide.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What were some death metal bands?

- Death - Possessed - Morbid Angel - Slayer

Pop & Alternative How did MTV affect artists' record sales?

- For the artists that were able to get their music video(s) on MTV, their record sales exploded and they became celebrities very quickly.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What happened to Nine Inch Nails?

- He made a soundtrack for a movie and some other albums. - "Nine Inch Nails" had some hits, then Trent took a break and went into rehab. - They got back together and are still touring today.

Pop & Alternative How did the ideals of female artists change over previous decades?

- In the 50's-early 60's, female singers were generally portrayed as meek with sweet personalities. - In the late 60's, Janis Joplin began influencing the idea of independent women. - ***The feminist revolution and sense of individual freedom of the Punk movement came together to change the perceptions of stage personality Patti Smith.*** - Several other Punk and New Wave did have women as instrumentalists such as the Velvet Underground and Talking Heads, Heart, and Jone Jett and the Black Hearts. - All of these paved the way for future female stars like Debbie Harry of Blondie, Tracy Chapman, and Madonna.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was Gothic rock about?

- In the 80's, punk bands continued with even more anger, vengeance, and frustration due to politics, the economy, etc. - ***Gothic rock evoked images of gloomy medieval castles atop isolated hills, torture chambers, gargoyles, towers, cathedrals, and other depressing and murderous themes in literature and music.*** - Generally included dark colors and art.

Pop & Alternative What was a British Alternative Rock band that had hits on the Pop Charts?

- Many British groups and solo artists who were considered alternative in the US had Pop Chart success in Britain. - They were played on college radio stations and no Top 40 pop hits. - ***In some cases, the bands did gain Pop Chart popularity. (Ex: The Smiths with singer and songwriter Morrisey.)***

Pop & Alternative What else did Michael Jackson do?

- Michael Jackson donated to a lot of charities and he co-wrote with Lionel Richey. - ***His 'Bad' album broke his own record with 5 hit singles on one album.*** - He also had success with many other albums and performances. - His sister, Janet Jackson, was a very successful singer and dancer, especially on MTV.

Alienated & Back To The Roots What was the epicenter for Post-Punk bands?

- Post-Punk in the US (bands playing loud, fast music like the Sex Pistols) influenced music in many different parts of the US. - ***Minneapolis was an epicenter for post-punk bands of the 80's.*** - ***The Replacements and Hüsker Dü were two Minneapolis bands that had a national following without ever crossing over into mainstream music.***

Alienated & Back To The Roots What did Trent Raznor do?

- Trent Reznor hired musicians to form a band that he could take on the road. - ***Trent's band, "Nine Inch Nails", was featured in the very first Lalapalooza tour in 1991.*** - His songs were very tortured, angry, and alienated. - ***He bought a house in LA where followers of Charles Manson had murdered an actress and other people.***

Pop & Alternative Who was R.E.M.?

- While Punk and New Wave were still being played by a number of different bands during the mid-to-late 80's, their influences spread to new bands that had the pounding beat and pulsating bass before a few of these things were changed. - ***One of these bands was R.E.M. from Athens, Georgia.***

Pop & Alternative What were some bands of the New Romantic movement?

Some Romanticism bands include: - Ultravox - Visage - Duran Duran - Spandau Ballet - Boy George and The Culture Club