AMH - CH 10

The story of John Burrows makes the point that: A. Merchants in cities had a substantial advantage over merchants in more remote areas. B. Potato farming was a risky business in the early nineteenth century. C. A market economy required efficient communications as well as rapid methods of transporting goods. D. A market economy could not function based on water transportation alone.

C. A market economy required efficient communications as well as rapid methods of transporting goods.

The Panic of 1819 was so significant because: A. The nation had never before experienced economic hard times. B. In reaction, land prices rose to speculative heights. C. As the first major American depression, it affected city and farm dwellers alike. D. It prompted a frenzy of canal building.

C. As the first major American depression, it affected city and farm dwellers alike.

The model factory community at Lowell: A. Emphasized profits over all else. B. Relied primarily on child labor. C. Employed the daughters of New England farm families. D. Housed their workers in family units.

C. Employed the daughters of New England farm families.

Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era? A. immigrants from Europe B. declining productivity of many eastern farms C. the growth of the population as a whole D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Taken as a body of legal doctrine, the rulings of the Marshall Court created a climate of business confidence by: A. Enlarging federal power at the expense of the states. B. Expanding individual economic rights by limiting government's role in stimulating the economy. C. Protecting minority groups against the abuse of power by majorities. D. Protecting property and contract rights while limiting state interference in business affairs.

D. Protecting property and contract rights while limiting state interference in business affairs.

The Erie Canal: A. Was made financially feasible by the development of the steamboat. B. Connected the Hudson and Ohio rivers. C. Never repaid the original public investment, but stimulated migration and economic growth. D. Raised New York City to commercial dominance and stimulated canal construction by other cities and states.

D. Raised New York City to commercial dominance and stimulated canal construction by other cities and states.

The experience of Kingston, New York reveals: A. How the existence of a transportation network could significantly alter the fortunes of a town. B. The dangers of segregating residential areas along class lines. C. The importance of farming in the market economy. D. The transformations of the Second Great Awakening.

A. How the existence of a transportation network could significantly alter the fortunes of a town

The factory system began in which industry? A. Textiles B. Shoemaking C. Firearms D. Iron production

A. Textiles

Europeans especially noted what tendency in American life? A. The emphasis on motion and speed that pervaded every aspect of life, even eating B. The tendency for native-born Americans to stay east of the Appalachians, while immigrants settled in the new western lands C. How rooted to a particular place Americans tended to be, despite geographic mobility D. How religious and other-worldly Americans tended to be, despite rapid economic growth

A. The emphasis on motion and speed that pervaded every aspect of life, even eating

Corporations were an advantageous form for an expanding economy for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. They could make contracts with state governments. B. They continued beyond the lives of the individuals who created them. C. They provided a way to pool investors' resources to raise capital for large-scale projects. D. They offered a limitation of liability for the investor.

A. They could make contracts with state governments.

One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the "canal age" was: A. an increased white settlement in the Northwest. B. an increased white settlement in the Southwest. C. the renewed cooperation between states and the national environment on internal improvement projects. D. the conviction that the national government should be responsible for all internal improvements. E. the dominance of steamboat transport.

A. an increased white settlement in the Northwest.

The Supreme Court ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) was a victory for: A. corporate contracts. B. the Republican Party. C. state government. D. public education. E. state courts.

A. corporate contracts.

American factory workers in early nineteenth-century textile mills largely consisted of: A. families and rural, single women. B. single men. C. unskilled urban workers. D. young immigrants. E. slaves.

A. families and rural, single women.

During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads: A. played only a secondary role in the nation's transportation system. B. replaced canals as the most important means of transportation. C. generated little interest among American businessmen. D. consisted of a few long lines, which were not connected to water routes. E. were built alongside the canals.

A. played only a secondary role in the nation's transportation system.

The Supreme Court ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): A. strengthened the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. B. narrowed the federal government's role in regulating the economy. C. declared transportation monopolies unconstitutional. D. reaffirmed the New York court's ruling regarding interstate trade. E. was a victory for Aaron Ogden, Robert Fulton, and Robert Livingston.

A. strengthened the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

Eli Whitney is a major figure in American technology for introducing: A. the concept of interchangeable parts. B. the first modern factory. C. the steam engine. D. the mechanized assembly line. E. the steel plow.

A. the concept of interchangeable parts

Economic specialization meant that women: A. Made more of their family's clothes than ever before. B. Began buying manufactured cloth rather than making their own. C. Began doing more agricultural work to compensate for the loss of their traditional duties within the home. D. Began having more babies to compensate for the loss of their traditional duties within the home.

B. Began buying manufactured cloth rather than making their own.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court declared the national bank unconstitutional. A. True B. False

B. False

The chapter introduction tells the story of clockmaker Chauncey Jerome to make the point that: A. Clocks both made possible and symbolized the organized routines of an industrialized society. B. Jerome's rise and fall were made possible by the opportunities offered in a national market economy that bound Americans together in complex and specialized ways. C. The intricate but comprehensible mechanism of a clock was the favorite metaphor for an age that believed human reason could discern the workings of natural law and apply those discoveries to improving the material conditions of life. D. Jerome exemplifies the exploited urban laborer who becomes a helpless victim of the forces of rapid and relentless industrialization.

B. Jerome's rise and fall were made possible by the opportunities offered in a national market economy that bound Americans together in complex and specialized ways.

Factory workers had a difficult time adjusting to: A. The wages of factory work. B. The disciplined work routine. C. Working alongside women. D. all of the above. 10. The market revolution created

B. The disciplined work routine.

In the early eighteenth century, the American Robert Fulton: A. invented the steam engine. B. made significant advances in steam-powered navigation. C. developed the nation's first merchant marine. D. brought the first steam engines from England to the United States. E. launched America's first railroad engine, the Clermont, in 1807.

B. made significant advances in steam-powered navigation.

The American "mountain men": A. refused to consort with Mexican or Indian women. B. were closely tied to the expanding market economy of the United States. C. generally got to keep the bulk of their profits. D. established towns and villages to escape the isolation of the frontier. E. banded together to found the Rocky Mountain Fur Company.

B. were closely tied to the expanding market economy of the United States.

That Americans accepted social mobility, materialism, and other values of a market economy can be seen in an emerging middle class: A. Drawn largely from those engaged in the mechanical trades. B. Who built neighborhoods near their places of employment in the new urban business districts. C. Whose income and wealth quickly rose to the levels of the very wealthy. D. Whose members judged success and status in terms of consumption and possessions.

D. Whose members judged success and status in terms of consumption and possessions.

One cause of the Panic of 1819 was: A. decreased foreign demand for American agricultural goods. B. restrictive credit practices prior to 1819. C. the announcement that year that dozens of new state banks were to be chartered. D. a drop in the demand for US cotton, when English textile manufacturers began importing from India E. an English embargo of American goods.

D. a drop in the demand for US cotton, when English textile manufacturers began importing from India

After the War of 1812, it was clear that the United States needed an improved: A. trade policy with Europe. B. system of tariffs. C. system for selling public lands. D. internal transportation system. E. system of currency.

D. internal transportation system.

The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the: A. development of a national banking system. B. creation of corporations. C. decline of the small-town merchant and general store. D. rise of the factory. E. decline of American agriculture.

D. rise of the factory.

The lasting significance of Gibbons v. Ogden was that it: A. opened the way for steamboat travel on the Mississippi. B. confirmed the state's right to regulate commerce. C. made peace between the Court and the Adams administration. D. ruled that contracts could easily be violated. E. defined the right of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce.

E. defined the right of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce.

The decisions of the Marshall Court: A. established the primacy of the federal government in regulating the economy. B. gave strength to the doctrine of states' rights. C. destroyed what was left of Hamiltonian federalism. D. opened the way for an increased federal role in promoting economic growth. E. established the primacy of the federal government in regulating the economy and opened the way for an increased federal role in promoting economic growth.

E. established the primacy of the federal government in regulating the economy and opened the way for an increased federal role in promoting economic growth.

The work of Eli Whitney: A. improved transportation in the South. B. spurred the industrial revolution in the American South. C. made the South a major textile-producing region. D. led to the decline of slavery, for fewer workers were needed to process cotton. E. led to the expansion of the cotton culture and slavery.

E. led to the expansion of the cotton culture and slavery.

According to "nationalists" in the government, "internal improvements" should be financed by: A. a series of local, internal improvement taxes. B. user fees or tolls. C. the states in which the "improvements" are made. D. private investments. E. the national government.

E. the national government.

10. The market revolution created a society that was more differentiated and specialized, which, in turn, led to: A. Specialized labor unions that grew most rapidly in the depression of the late 1830s. B. An increased pride in craftsmanship that became more important than just sheer productivity. C. Greater extremes of wealth, with those at the top controlling a greater share of the wealth. D. A class of new rich, most of whom came from lower-class farm family backgrounds.

C. Greater extremes of wealth, with those at the top controlling a greater share of the wealth.

At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was: A. already obsolete. B. beginning to fill with silt from the Great Lakes. C. the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken. D. cited as an example of how not to construct a canal. E. already paid for.

C. the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken

Artisans, displaced by the factory system, formed the first American labor unions

TRUE

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States grew more rapidly in population than Britain or Europe. A. True B. False

TRUE

The Marshall Court strengthened the federal government at the expense of the states. A. True B. False

TRUE

The development of a railroad system weakened connections between the Northwest and the South. A. True B. False

TRUE