AMH2010, Chapter 4, Slavery-Freedom-Struggle for Empire

Approximately what percentage of slaves carried to the New World were destined for mainland North America?

5 percent

The view that reason alone was capable of establishing the essentials of religion, and that outdated superstitions included belief in the revealed truth of the Bible and miracles was called

Arminianism

As race was a line of social division, whites' distrust of free blacks in Chesapeake increased. As a result, all of the following were rules regarding free blacks EXCEPT

Blacks could not carry paper money.

Almost all African slaves in the eighteenth century came from the same African tribe.

False

By the middle of the eighteenth century, most elections were fiercely contested throughout the American colonies.

False

During the Great Awakening, most preachers explicitly condemned slavery.

False

During the eighteenth century, both Spain and France steadily lost interest in their North American empires.

False

Indians who lived in the Catholic missions established by Father Junipero Serra in California generally lived happy, healthy, free, and long lives.

False

Possibly more than any other individual, Theodore Frelinghuysen, who declared "the whole world his parish," sparked the Great Awakening.

False

Since mosquitoes bearing malaria flourished in the New World, slaves were particularly susceptible since they had not developed immunity to the disease.

False

The Seven Years' War was also known in the colonies as Queen Anne's War.

False

The eighteenth century was the height of the Atlantic slave trade, a commerce increasingly dominated by Spanish merchants and ships.

False

The exchange of goods among Spanish colonists, French colonists, and Indians in North America was known as the "triangular trade."

False

The phrase "freedom of speech" originated in colonial America.

False

The financial strains of the Seven Years' War would later help to spark the

French Revolution

The leading promoter of the Great Awakening was

George Whitefield.

Which colony was founded by a group of philanthropists led by James Oglethorpe?

Georgia

During Pontiac's Rebellion, Neolin, the prophet, asserted all except Indians must free themselves from dependence on alcohol. Indians must drive the British from their territory. a pan-Indian identity. Indians must use British technology to defeat their enemies.

Indians must use British technology to defeat their enemies.

The first slave uprising of the eighteenth century included houses burned and the deaths of nine whites which occurred in

New York

In 1763, the Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes launched a revolt against British rule called

Pontiac's Rebellion.

Father Junipero Serra founded the first Catholic mission in 1769 in

San Diego

This was the first mainland colony to achieve a black majority population.

South Carolina

Regarding slavery, which of the following statements is NOT true?

The Middle Colonies needed many slaves because large farms predominated.

A few African societies were able to opt out of the Atlantic slave trade.

True

According to the English minister George Whitefield, people could participate in their own salvation through their own actions; they were not, as predominant Protestant religions had traditionally held, predestined for damnation.

True

An irony of the 1763 British victory in the Seven Years' War is that victory ultimately contributed to Britain's loss of its mainland American colonies, since, in seeking to pay for the Seven Years' War, the British government raised taxes on American colonists who protested taxation without representation.

True

As a consequence of British victory in the Seven Years' War, Britain not only won control of Canada but also gained control of India.

True

Britons and colonists tended to regard themselves as the freest people in the world.

True

By the 1700s, the population of Spanish North America was small, consisting of a few isolated urban clusters in Florida, Texas, and New Mexico.

True

Colonial political offices frequently passed from generation to generation in the same family.

True

Eighteenth-century liberalism drew heavily upon the thinking of the philosopher John Locke.

True

England and Scotland were united in 1707 by the Act of Union to create Great Britain.

True

In the Ohio Valley (the "middle ground"), the Iroquois were known for their ability to play the French and British empires against each other.

True

Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821.

True

Most African rulers took part in the Atlantic slave trade.

True

Newspaperman John Peter Zenger printed several issues targeting the governor of New York for corruption. He was found not guilty as his accusations were found to be true.

True

Russian traders established a series of forts in an attempt to challenge the Spanish for North American territory.

True

In Jonathan Edwards's view, what was a sinner's only hope?

a "new birth" in which they became devout Christians

Olaudah Equiano was

a slave who purchased his freedom

In eighteenth-century colonial America, all of these groups were ineligible to vote as they lacked a "will of their own" EXCEPT

white landholders

The agreement that ended the Seven Years' War was called

the Peace of Paris

The effect of the Enlightenment on religion resulted in

the adoption of Deism.

In the eighteenth century, the British Constitution - the unwritten groundwork of British freedom - celebrated all except

the right for all men to vote

By the mid-eighteenth century, distinct slave systems were entrenched in the New World. The oldest and largest was the

tobacco plantation system.

Some slaves came to the colonies familiar with Christianity, but most North American slaves practiced

traditional African religions.

The "Sacred Experiment" carried out near present-day San Diego

was launched by the Spanish in an effort to take control to prevent occupation by foreigners.

The Albany Plan of Union

was the attempt to create a council composed of delegates from each colony to levy taxes and settle domestic issues.

The Great Awakening occurred as many ministers were concerned with

westward expansion.

While many white men in the colonies lacked the right to vote, they influenced public life through all of the following EXCEPT

forming the American party to settle tax disputes with Britain.

The trial of John Peter Zenger involved the issue of

freedom of the press

Following the Proclamation of 1763,

its ordinances were ignored and officials covered up their involvement in land grabs.

Under the liberalism idea, the "social contract" declared that

men retain their natural rights, as they predated the establishment of political authority.

As a result of the Seven Years' War, a number of French residents in Nova Scotia

moved to Louisiana, where their descendants came to be known as Cajuns.

The military outposts established by the Spanish in California and New Mexico were called

presidios.

The policy of leaving the colonists to govern themselves was called

salutary neglect.

Under this system, individual slaves were able to cultivate crops of their own after their daily jobs.

task

The movement that sought to apply the scientific method of careful investigation based on research and experiment to politics and social life was called

the Enlightenment.