AMS 1000 Final

Hercules' 12 Labors: The Nemean Lion (1) and The Lernean Hydra (2). Summarize Heracles' labors and identify the key characters or monsters associated with each.

1. The Nemean Lion: First labor Hercules does and it gives him his outfit (Lions skin iconic outfit) The lions skin has special properties it can't be pierced by anything so in order to kill the lion Hercules has to grab the lion and man handle it and killing it by pure strength and strangling it. In order to skin the lion he must use the lions own claws to skin the lion getting his skin. 2. The Lernean Hydra: Lives in the swamp and the hydra appears with multiple heads and special property of every time you slay one of his heads 2 more heads grow back. While he is battling the hydra the hydra summons a giant crab who he is kills with his club. Lolaus (nephew) helps hercules defeat the hydra by in which everytime Hercules took off a head he would use fire on the wound to stop it from growing another head and seal it up. Another property of the hydra is the blood is extremely poisonous so Hercules takes his bow and arrows and dips them in the blood.

Hera and Heracles. Describe how Alcmene first attempts to introduce Heracles to Hera (Juno), how this initial meeting goes and how Hera attempts to kill Heracles and his twin brother Iphicles.

Alcmene first tries to introduce Heracles to Juno by leaving him in a field for her to find and Hercales is returned so she thinks its ok. Hercales first encounter with Hera is with Athena in the fields. Athena sees the baby (Heracles and then gives it to hera as she knows how to feed babies since Athena is a virgin goddess) Hera suckles Heracles and with Heracles being as strong as he is hurts her and puts the kid down angry. Athena returns Heracles to Alcmena. Hera sends snakes to kill Heracles because she is still mad about what happend in the fields but Heracles is so strong he kills the snakes and breaks their spines by just grabbing them.

Daedalus, Icarus and Perdix. Summarize the story of Daedalus and Icarus's escape from Crete, Daedalus' encounter with Perdix and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate these stories.

Daedalus backstory: Daedalus was jealous because Perdix came to learn from him and they learn eventually Perdix is much better and Daedalus is angry and throws him off an acropolises but Perdix is transformed into a bird that taunts Dedalus and is exiled and heads to Crete. Daedalus work for Minos on Crete and virtual imprisonment. Daedalus begins to invent wings for himself and Icarus to escape Crete. These wings work and they start to fly and Daedalus tell Icarus stay middle course you don't want to be to low to the ocean and you wings will get wet and you will fall into the sea and you don't want to get to high and get to close to the sun otherwise the wax will melt off and come apart. Icarus starts to get into it after awhile and gets to close to the sun and the wings come apart and crashes into the Icarian sea. His body is recovered by his dad and Perdix as a bird comes down and mocks his uncle during Icarus burial.

The Defenders: The Trojan Heroes and Non-Combatants. Identify the major Trojans - both on and off the battlefield - who played major roles in the war, describe their defining characteristics and define their relation to one another.

Priam: King of Troy, Commander and Chief, father to 50 sons Hector: Battlefield Commander, noble, brave, best fighter Paris/Alexander: Pretty-boy, shirker, weak fighter, disdained Aeneas: Second best warrior, son of Aphrodite, founds rome Sarpedon: Son of Zeus, powerful warrior Hecuba: Queen of Troy, Priam's "prime" wife Andromache: Wife of Hector, symbolizes the plight of women Helen: Cause of the war, detests her husband, self-loathing, despised

The Calydonian Boar Hunt. Summarize the story of the Calydonian Boar hunt (including the story of Meleager's infatuation with Atalanta) and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate this story.

The Calydonian Boar Hunt: King Oineus angers Diana by forgetting to sacrifice the first fruits of the harvest to her. Diana causes this boar a true monster to emerge. This created the innovation to hunt as a big innovation became about Greece for people to go out and hunt the boar. Meleager (one of the people on the argo) and Atlanta (dad was a king wanted a boy got a girl and left her out in the woods exposed to die but she was found by hunters and raised by them and a great hunter and her dad eventually took her back and is not into men or women and Meleager is into her) Meleager and Atlanta start hunting this boar and a dangerous fiasco in Ovid Atlanta is the only one able to keep her cool during this. Meleager comes in for the killing of the boar (final blow) Atlanta gets the assist Meleager kills it.

Odysseus's Tale: The Laestrygonians, Aeolus and Circe. Summarize Odysseus' encounters with the Laestrygonains, Aeolus and Circe as he continues to describe his adventures to the Phaeaecians.

The next people he meets are the Laestrygonians who like human flesh as much as the giant. They are luckily to escape but now only have one ship. End up on Aeolus the god of the winds and he offers great hospitality to them. Aeolus then gives Odysseus this bag full of winds that aren't blowing to Ethica so they will have no winds to deal with. Ask that only when they arrive they let the wins out and return them to him. Almost to ethica and Odysseus goes to sleep and his men start to look at the bag and get greedy and think it's treasure and open the bag and all the winds fly out and they blow Odysseus and his men all the way to Aeolus Island and asks if the bag to be refilled and he says leave immediately and the gods hate you. Then they encounter Circe (very powerful sorceress) invites them to her house and gives them a giant feast and suddenly as there eating and they are being turned into pigs. Odysseus is going over to figure out whats going on and Hermes shows up and says your in trouble if I don't help you out and tells him to pick up the moly plant which will protect him from Circe magic wand and when she taps you on the shoulder with it draw your sword and force her to have sex with you and when this happens you will have your crew members back. They end up staying for a while and Circe tells Odysseus he has to visit Tiresias in Hades to attain advice.

Ilion: Location and History of Troy before the War. Identify the location of Troy and summarize its early mythic history including the building of the city by Poseidon and Apollo, first destruction by Heracles and how Priam came to the throne.

The original history of troy: Begins with Laomedon in which he makes a deal with Poseidon and Apollo in which he pays them to build impenetrable walls. Laomedon goes back on his promise of paying them and this upsets the gods so they send a sea monster to destroy the city and the only way to get out of it is to sacrifice his daughter to Hesione. Hercules rescues Hesione and Laomedon agrees to give Hercules the horses and then he gives back on his promise again. Hercules lets him be for now but vows to come back and then he comes back to troy once he is done with his labors and destroys troy gives Hesione off in Marriage and ransoms her brother Podacries who becomes Priam and he becomes the king of Troy.

Zeus, Alcmene and Amphitryon. Describe how Zeus (Jupiter) is able to sleep with Alcmene and how he makes sure that his child, Heracles (Hercules), will be especially powerful.

The purposeful Zeus- The desire to make more than just a demigod (Dionysus and Hercules) Zeus really wants to make more then a normal kid with Alcmene. Zeus woos Alcmene in the form of Amphitryon (Alcmene real husband) and Zeus lengthens the night to try and make an extremly powerful baby and this will lead to the birth of Hercales and Iphicles. They are fraternal twins.

Hercules' 12 Labors: The Apples of the Hesperides (11) and Cerberus (12). Summarize Heracles' labors and identify the key characters or monsters associated with each.

11. The apple of Hesperides: Prometheus is put on a mountain by Zeus and puts a pin through the middle of his guts and every day an eagle rips his liver out and eats it and the liver grows back every day because Prometheus won't tell Zeus what women will have a baby stronger then him causing zeus to fear and can't have sex until he figures out who. Hercules decides to help Prometheus out by getting the golden apples the apples are kept by Atlas's daughters which would give Prometheus immortality. Hercules visits Atlas and ask for the apples Atlas says the apples are with his daughters but if Hercules holds up the world he will go get them then Atlas comes back with the apples and decides to let Hercules hold the earth and Hercules is like no and then tricks atlas and says he is about to drop it and asked Atlas to hold if for a second and then Hercules takes the apples and leave. 12. Cerbrus: Cerberus three head dog and guardian of Hades house. While he is down there he runs into Hades wounds him while collecting Cerberus taking him back alive and he rescues Theseus and has a conversation with Meleager and asks Hercules for a favor to Marry his sister.

Hercules' 12 Labors: The Ceryneian Hind (3) and The Erymanthian Boar (4). Summarize Heracles' labors and identify the key characters or monsters associated with each.

3. The Ceryneian Hind What is a hind? A large female deer but this one is huge and has golden horns and bronze hooves. Hercules has to bring back this hind alive. It is a long pursuit so Hercules shoots it a couple times to wound it and slow it down and then bring it back alive without killing it. Hercules chases this thing for a year and finally gets it. 4. The Erymanthian Boar: Gets the boar with his bare hands and brings it back alive. Hercules encounters Pholus a centaur and ask for wine and Pholus says no and Hercules keeps on asking but Pholus says the rest of the centaurs would be mad Hercules eventually convinces him and as soon as they do the rest of the Centaurs smell it. Hercules and the centaurs get into it Pholus is killed and Chiron is accidently mortally wounded as he got scraped by one of the arrows that had the hydra blood which would eventually lead to his death.

Hercules' 12 Labors: The Stables of Augeas (5) and Stymphalian Birds (6) Summarize Heracles' labors and identify the key characters or monsters associated with each.

5. The Stables of Augeas Hercules is tasked with cleaning this huge stable of sheep out and Augeas promises 1/10 of the herd of sheep if he can do it because it is huge and doesn't believe he can. Hercules diverts the Peneus and Alpheus rivers into the stables to clean them. 6. The Stymphalian Birds: Deadly birds that have the ability to swipe their metallic wings and shoot out feathers that can kill you. Gets help from Athena to help kill these birds by giving him Castanets that he uses to make noise that annoys the birds and causes them to fly up and then Hercules pulls out his bow and shoots them

Hercules' 12 Labors: The Cretan Bull, (7) The Mares of Diomedes (8). Summarize Heracles' labors and identify the key characters or monsters associated with each.

7. The Cretan Bull: This is Pasiphaes baby daddy the bull who created the Minitour. Hercules tames the bull by sweet talking it and gets the bull to come along peacefully. 8. The Mares of Diomedes: King Diomedes was given flesh eating horses by Ares and Diomedes likes to kill people by feeding them to his horses. Hercules turns the tables on him by feeding Diomedes to his own horses. Hercules then chills the horses out and then tells Abderus to watch over the horses because he has some stuff to do and Abderus can't control the horses and he gets eaten. After this is when the quest of the golden fleece happens.

Hercules' 12 Labors: The Girdle of Hippolyte (9) and The Cattle of Geryon (10). Summarize Heracles' labors and identify the key characters or monsters associated with each.

9. The Girdle of Hippolyte: Hercules charms Hippolyte out of the girdle but then Juno is mad and starts a rumor that Hercules abducted Hippolyte. Side labor: Rescue Hesione of troy from the sea monster and her father promises to give Hercules a bunch of cattle but once his daughter is rescued he doesn;t give him the cattle. Hercules comes back and take over the city of troy and kills Hesione dad. First time troy has been taken over. Symbolic significance of the final three labors: All have to do with progression of confrontation with death. 10. The cattle of Geryon: Geryon leaves very far in the west and the farther west you go the closer you are to Hades. Hercules gets mad at Helios because it is too hot and shoots an arrow at Helios and instead of getting mad he is ammused and gives Hercules a "boat" that has a quality of a portable hole in where he can put all the cattle in even tho it's not that big. Has to confront Eurytion (giant), Othrus (3 headed dog) when getting the cattle and then has to confront Geryon (giant) kills all of them with strength by picking them up and strangling them.

The Attackers: The Greek Heroes at Troy. Identify the major Greek heroes who took part in the Trojan War, describe their defining characteristics and define their relation to one another.

Agamemnon: Commander in Chief, Greedy, Arrogant, proud Achilles: Best Greek warrior, reckless, ill tempered Diomedes: Second best Greek warrior, steady, pious, brave Odysseus: Master tactician, great orator, small but powerful Ajax: Best greek defender, huge, fearless, "Bulwark of the Achaeans" Menelaus: Husband of Helen, average warrior, even tempered Patroclus: Achilles cousin and best friend, tragic hero Nestor: The Sage, oldest warrior- and lets everyone know it

Trojan Success and Patroclus' Ruse. Describe the success that the Trojans enjoy after Achilles decides to withdraw from the war and how Patroclus sacrifices himself to save the Greek ships.

Achilles is really upset and is very kind to the people who come get his girl and he goes on the beach and cries. Thetis his mother comforts him and then she goes to Zeus and Zeus says Agomenon will pay and helps the trojans start winning the war. Then the trojans started camping outside the walls and this upsets the greeks and they have to start fortifying their boats. The trojans succeed in mounting an assault on the camp and they breach the ships. Patroclus is upset with everything going on and medic is wounded and Achilles ask him to go check on his health and when he talks to them nestor is near by and tells him to ask Achilles for his armor if he won't fight and command the Myrmidones. Patroclus asks for his armour to wear to scare the trojans and lead the Myrmidons (Achilles own high quality troops) Achilles consents and warns Patroclus to not press the attack and to drive the forces back. Patroclus aristeia (killing everyone in site and forgets to not continue the attack and Apollo even warns him) Gets finished off by Hector but right before and Hector is gloating and Patroclus has a second sight and says you may have killed me but Achilles is going to kill you and strips him of Achilles armour.

Aegeus, Pittheus and Aethra. Summarize the story of Aegeus' problem with having a son and explain how his friend Pittheus helps him out with this problem.

Aegeus problem who is actually Theseus Dad. Back story Medea tries to convince Aegues to poison Theseus but Aegeus realizes the plot and recognizes his son. Aegeus problem is he has had no luck having a child. and the Oracles strange proclamation and says don't loosen your whine skin until you get home. Aegeus visits his friend Pittheus and tells his interpretation of the oracle and Pittheus understand it immediately that when Aegeus gets drunk he will impregnate someone. Pittheus wants to deepen his ties with Aegeus and gets Aegeus drunk and then brings in his daughter Aethra and eventually Aegeus and Aethra sleep together. Then he tells Aethra he's gonna leave two things under a big rock which is his sword and sandals and if the son is able to lift the rock then he is his son and send him to him.

Agamemnon's Story - The Worst-Case Scenario. Summarize Agamemnon's homecoming and describe the factors that led to his dire fate and the tragic aftermath that followed his killing.

Agamemnon gets the worst case scenario. Clytemenstra was mad at her husband Agamenmnon for sacrificing their daughter Iphigenia and lying about why he needed her at the docs. Clytmenestra had acquired a new lover who was Aegisthus who is Agamemnon cousin who is more then happy to kill his cousin. Agamemnon returns with Cassandra (priestist of apollo who can see the future perfectly and no one believed her) Agamemnon is getting a bath and then Clytemnestra puts a net over him and then gets an axe and kills him in the bath. Orestes and Electra the children of Agamemnon murder Aegisthus and Clytemnestra.

Antigone: Summarize the tragic story of Antigone, explain why she chooses to defy Creon and identify the important characters in this story.

Antigone: Creon becomes the king of thebes Creon decides Etecoles who fought for the city would be properly barried and Polynices is going to be left and his body isn't barried properly. Antigone argues that her brother to be barried properly and he won't so she does it himself and Creon is furious and he orders that she is taken to a cave and to be bricked up in the cave. Haemon who is to be married to Antigone pleads with his father to let her go and eventually he allows it and when he finds her she has hung herself and Haemon kills himself. Eurdyice finds this out Creons wife and kills herself and now Creon has paid the price by not doing by the gods.

Apollo and Hyacinthus. Summarize the story of Apollo and Hyacinthus, describe Hyacinthus' metamorphosis identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Apollo and Hycainthus: Apollo servitude to Hyacinthus (attracted to the young beautiful boy) Did all of these thing for Hyacinthus is very smitten with him One day they were throwing the discus and and Apollo makes a bad throw and it makes a bad bounce and hits Hycanithus in the head mortality wounding him. Hyacnithus is transformed hyacinth plant which is a symbol for mourning and sadness. The plant makes A I combination.

Apollo, Pan and Midas. Describe the music contest between Pan and Apollo and what happens to Midas as a result of his role in this event.

Apollo, Pan and Midas: Review Pan and the syrinx. Pan loved a nymph that ran away from him was turned into a bed of reeds and with these reeds he made a flute which was called the pan flute in which he became really good at it. Pan challenges Apollo to who can play the flute the best and have it on Mount Timolus and the mountain decides Apollo wins the music contest. The only person who liked Pan's music better who listend was Midas this makes Apollo mad and turns Midas ears into Donkey ears (jack ass ears) Midas is embarrassed by this so he decides he is going to hide them by wearing a purple turban and no one knows he has these ears except his barber and his barber think it's the funniest thing and can't keep the secret so he digs a hole and and yells the secret to barry the words but the reeds betray the Barber's secret and in the wind it whispers Mitos has donkey ears.

Atalanta and Hippomenes. Summarize the story of Atalanta and Hippomenes famous race, describe how Hippomenes is able to win identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Atlanta and Hippomenes: Atalanta's plan to remain unmarried because she has a prophecy if she ever gets married it's going to end badly for her. She challenges in a suiters to a foot race and if you win you marry her if you don't die. Hippomenes considers the contest and prays to Venus for help. Atlanta sees Hippomenes and says don't race me because she finds him very attractive and doesn't realize she is in love with him. Venus gathers golden apples to help Hippomenes when the race abd Hippomenes uses the golden apples and throws them to distract her because she is obssessed with their beauty and he wins the race. They end up getting married and he screws up by not thanking Venus for helping him win and she punishes the couple by causing them to be ceized with desire to make love with one another and they make love in a sacred place of Cybele and Cybele punishes both of them by turning them into lions. End of Aphroditote (venus) story, Venus leaves adonis and goes out on a hunt with his friends and they encounter a boar and the boar kills him and is transformed into a flower.

Bibylis and Caunus. Summarize the story of Bibylis' ill-fated desire for her own brother and identify the passages from Book Nine that relate this story.

Bibylis and Caunus one of two related stories about love expressing itself unnaturally. Ovids interpretion of love as an elemental force and love makes us do things that we know is incorrect. Bibylis falls in love for her own brother Caunus. Internal dialouge she goes back in forth for her strong love for her brother and knows its wrong but can't help her love for him and she uses the gods as a model. Caunus is very affectionate to him and he just sees it as her being an affectionate sister even tho it's not. Bibylis then decides to write a love letter to Caunus and when she hands the letter to her servent she drops it but is still delivered to the Caunus and Caunus is shocked and can't believe she would even think this and Bibylus still tries to get with Caunus and Caunus just leaves his homeland and his Bibylus heartbroken wanders around until she becomes a spring.

Ceyx and Alcyone. Summarize the love story of Ceyx and Alcyone, describe the critical role of Morpheus in this story and how explain the couple is reunited at the end of this tale.

Ceyx and Alcyone: Ceyx decides to travel by sea to Claros to consult Apollo's oracle this is the oracle you went to when you had problems with your personal life. Alycone's worried that he will die in a ship wreck. There is a huge ship wreck and Ceyx originally survies the wreck but then a huge wave overcomes the ship and drowns him. Juno feels bad for Alycone and sends Iris to visit Sleep (Hypnos) and is in charge of sending dreams to people. Morpheus is the god of dreams that can appear in dreams as an actual human being. So he appears to Alcyone as Ceyx in her dream and says he is dead and is never coming back and Alcyone starts walking down the sea shore and finds his corpse and dives for him and before she does she is transformed into a bird (king fisher) (all named halycon days) Ceyx is also transformed into a halycon days)

The Quarrel Between Achilles and Agamemnon. Explain how Agamemnon manages to bring a plague upon the Greek army and alienate his best fighter - Achilles - and describe the trouble this spells for the Greek army.

Chryses tries to ransom his daughter but she has been given up and given to Agamemnon as part of his war prize and Agamemnon really likes her and doesn't want to give her up and talks a lot of smack to Chryses who is the priestiest of Apollo and he starts praying to Apollo and Apollo sends a plague over the camp. As this goes on for a while Achilles calls an assembly saying that can't fight both the plague and the war and Chalcas a seer reveals that Agamemnon is the cause of the plague and Agamemnon doesn't like this and demands a replacement prize if he brings the girl back. Achilles can't believe he suggested because it goes againt thymus (social order) and Agomemnon says he is going to take Achilles war prize and Achilles almost kills him and Athena stops him from killing him so Achilles berates Agamemnon and Achilles withdraws from the war.

Cinyras and Myrrha. Summarize the terrible story of Myrrha's love for her own father, how she comes to sleep with him identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Cinyras and Myrrha: Furry makes Myrrha is in great love with her father Cinyras which is really bad worse then killing her father. Myrrha has internal dialougue that Animals don't discriminate with parents and children getting on so why is it weird for her. She has a conversation with Cinyras when he asked what man she would want to marry and she says someone like him and he still just sees it as her being sweet. Myrrha attemps to hang herself and her nursemaid comes in and intervene and asks what is wrong and when she finds out she is horrified by the fact she is in love with her father and tells her not to be. An opportunity presents itself for Myrrha to get with her father when her mother goes on a trip and the nurse tells her one night it was her chance and tells her farther that there is a girl that likes him and is Myrrha age and Myrrha and her dad do it while he has no idea it is actually his daughter and one night when he finds out who it is and sees it is his daughter he chases her with a sword and Myrrah runs away pregnante with her fathers child and once she stops running she is transformed into a Myrr tree (weep tears)

Baucis and Philemon. Summarize the story of Baucis and Philemon's encounter with Jupiter and Mercury and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate this story.

Context in Ovid: Told by Lelex to refutue Pirithious his idiot friend. Pirithous denys the powers of the gods and Lelex says no no have you ever of the lime and oak trees of Phrygia and the story (etiological myth). Mercury and Jupiter vistit Phrygia and the people their treat them poorly as they are disguised. Baucis and Philemon welcome them out of everyone that said no they welcomed them and had no idea they were gods but welcomed them to their home. Jupiter becomes really pleased with them and does this miracle to happen and gives them a never ending wine and the couple realizes they are gods. This is when the goose chase starts as they realize this would be a good sacrifice to the gods and they can't get the goose and the gods are amused but also find it sweet then they take the couple outside and all of Phrygia had been flooded and everyone is dead because they didn't welcome guest. Baucis and Philemon house had been transferred into a temple and asked them to be a priest and priestus and they ask when they die they still be together in death and when they die they undergo a metamorphosis into Lime and oak trees.

Summarize the story of Cyparissus and identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Cyparissus: Begins with a remarkable stag and the stag is totally tamed. Cyparissus was in love with the stag and loved to spend time with the stag and one day Cyparissus was practicing his Javelin throwing and he makes a bad throw and accidently kills the stag he loved. Cyparissus becomes very upset and apollo tries to comfort him and Cyparissus can't take it that he killed his favirote pet stag and undergoes a metamorphosis into cypress tree in which he would as be remembered for his saddness and mourning which the tree became a symbol of mourning and greeks would take a branch to represent they were mourning.

The Trojan Horse and the Sack of Troy. Identify the builder of the Trojan Horse, the hero that masterminds the Greek infiltration of the city and describe how the city of Troy is finally taken by the Greeks and the aftermath of this event.

Epeus is in charge of the construction of the horse while Odysseus leads infiltration and the horse is built out of sight of the trojans and then left on the beach and the greeks "sail away" but just hide behind an island waiting for Odysseus plan. Discovery of the horse: The trojans find the horse and Sinon who claims he was going to be sacrificed by the greeks to ensure the surrender but he escaped (is a spy and one of Odysseus men) and Sinon says the greeks left this horse as a sacrifce to the gods to get home safely and that the trojans should take it as a gift and it would bring goodluck. Laocoon comes out of no where and goes against everything Sinon is saying and says he is full of crap and says "I fear the greeks, even when they bear gifts!" Athena wants to see Athens falls because she was on the loosing end of Paris deal so she sends two serpents and they go right for Laocoon and his sons and they kill him right in front of the trojans so they think they shouldn't listen to him since he is being punished by the gods. So they bring the horse in to the city and Helen investigates the horse and imitates greeks she knows wifes to try and see if anyone is in there and it doesn't work. Odysseus and strike team come out of the horse in the middle of the night opening the gates and let the greeks in and they sack the city and kill all the men except Aeneas and a small band of trojan survivors and narrowly escape this doesn;t sit right wiith the gods with how the greeks handled the sacking of troy.

Orpheus and Eurydice. Summarize the tragic tale of Orpheus and his wife Eurydice and identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Eurydice's death: two stories: Ovids: She walks around with some her friends accidently steps on a snake and she dies. Virgil Georgics 4 version: Aristaeus chases Eurydice with the intent of raping her and as she is being chased she steps on the snake and dies and for this action Aristaeus is punished by the gods and they kill all of his bees since he is a bee keeper. Orpheus goes to retrieve Eurydice in the underworld and uses his musical powers to persuade Hades and Persephone to give Eurydice back and it works while he is playing it creates all sorts of weird things because his music is so good. He is given a taboo however that he must not look back at his wife until they reach the surface of the earth otherwise she will be drug back down into hades and he breaks the taboo and she is sucked back down into hades.

Hercules, Eurystheus and Hercules' Madness. Explain how Juno tries to delay Hercules' birth, why she does this, how Galinthis tricks Lucina into allowing Hercules to be born and identify the passages from Book Nine that relate this story. Also, explain why Hercules becomes a servant to his jerk cousin Eurystheus.

Hercules and Eurystheus- the grandsons of Perseus. Zeus on the day he knows Hercules is going to be born starts talking smack around olympus on how Hercules is going to overthrow Perseus and his thrown. Hera over hears this and instructs Eileithyia (goddess that helps women end their labor) to intervene and not let Hercules be born. After 7 days of being in labor Eileithyia is allowed to let Alcmene give birth. Ovids version: Galanthis and Lucina. Lucina keeps Hercules from being born by keeping her hands in between the womb and then Galanthis says her mistress gave birth and as soon as Lucina unlases her fingers Hercules is born. Lucina isn't happy and Galanthis is transformed into maybe a weasel. Hercules grows up and he is stroke with maddness by Hera and kills his kids and in order to make up for you own children this will lead to his 12 labors.

Gathering the Fleet, the Incident at Aulus and Sacrifice of Iphigenia. Explain what the "Oath of Tyndareus" is, how Odysseus tries to avoid the war, how Odysseus successfully recruited Achilles to the expedition and why Agamemnon was forced to sacrifice his daughter, Iphigenia, so the fleet could sail to Troy.

Everybody that fought on the greek side of the trojan war wanted to marry her. Tyndareus says whoever he chooses to marry her and support that person and if she is ever in trouble everyone must band together and help get her back this known as the Oath of Tyndareus and Tyndareus chose Palamedes. So when she is abducted Palamedes "recruits" Odysseus who doesn't want to since he is married and has a life so he comes up with a plan and when Palamedes comes to find him he sees him planting salt in his fields to try and trick Palamedes into being crazy but Palamedes doesn't fall for the trick and grabs his son and puts him out on the field and Palamedes is forced to stop proving he isn't crazy and has to join the expedition. Odysseus never forgets this and will get his revenge but until then follows his order. Odysseus now has to go find Achilles and Achilles knows if he goes on this adventure he won't come back and Achilles mom tries to hide him by dressing him as a girl Palamedes finds him giving all the girls perfume and stuff and sees a girl not looking at them and looking at weapons so then he blows horn meaning for war and out of instinct Achilles reaches for a sword and Odysseus finds him and persuades Achilles to go because it was his moms idea to hide him. Agammmnon accidently kills Artemis sacred hind and this makes her mad and she becalms the sea so they can't sail to troy. Artemis demands in order to make things right Agaamemon must sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia to her and in order to get her there he says to his wife he has arranged a marriage between his daughter and Achilles and when Achilles finds out about this and almost kills Agamemnon.

The Story of Hercules and Deianira. Summarize Heracles and Deianira's fateful encounter with the Centaur Nessus, how Deianira ends up causing Hercules' death and identify the passages from Book Nine that relate this story.

Hercules and Deianira are coming home from a family dinner and they encounter a flooded stream. Nessus offers his aid and tries to trick Hercules by telling him to figure out how to get himself across the stream and Nessus will take care of his wife. Hercules swims across the stream and by the time he is on the side and notices Nessus is trying to abduct Deianira and is going the opposite way. Hercules won't let this stand and he takes his bow and shoots Nessus mortally wounding him with the contact poison. Nessus plots his revenge and tells Deianira to soak a shirt with blood and if Hercules ever falls out of love with you give it to him and he will fall back in love with you and Nessus dies. Hercules is rumored to want to get with Lole and Deianira gets jealous and panicks and gets the robe and sends it to him and is sent at the wrong moment and he was performing a sacrifice and he puts the robe on but as the heat and sweat activate the poison and he is under intense pain and can't take the robe off it's stuck to the skin but he doesn't die because he is so strong. He endures this pain for so long until he can't deal with it and makes his own funeral fire and is happy to burn to death it is better then the pain he is dealing with. All of hercules mortal parts burn away but his divine self is still there and then he becomes a full god.

Hercules and Acheloüs Explain why Hercules and Acheloüs come into conflict, describe their struggle, its outcome and identify the passages from Book Nine that relate this story.

Hercules fulfills his promise to Meleager and marries Deianira. Achelous contests Hercules for Deianira's hand in marriage and they have a contest and it comes down to speeches. Achelous the river god wins the speech his speech makes more since and this makes Hercules upset and attacks Achelous by throwing sand in his face to catch him off guard and with his strength starts wrestling Achelous and winning. Achelous transforms into a snake and then a bull and then loses the wrestling match to hercules when hercules rips the horn off his head. Hercules wins and produces the cornucopia.

Odysseus, Hermes and Calypso. Summarize Hermes visit to see Calypso, the subsequent interactions between Calypso and Odysseus and what happens to Odysseus as he sails away from her island.

Hermes arrive Ogygia (an unearthly place) to go see Calypso. When Hermes arrives he is wonder struck at this place Odysseus has been trapped on Calypsos island for 10 years after the war. Hermes orders Calypso to let Odysseus go and she says it's always the same with you gods you can have affairs with whoever you want but women can't do the same thing but lets him go because she can't undergo the gods. Odysseus is crying because he wants to go home and she says I have been told I have to let you go if you want to and he says ur beatiful this place is beautiful but it's not real and he wants his wife back that is real. Calypso then helps him build this raft and lot's of departing gifts and he sets out for sea. Poseidon shows up and sees Odysseus floating back to his homeland and he sinks his raft and right as he is about to die Ino/Leucothea saves Odysseus by giving him a scarf that keeps him from drowning but when he reaches the shore he must throw it back to her without looking at it and crawls to shore losing everything.

Jupiter and Ganymede. Identify Ganymede, describe how he is swept up by Jupiter and taken to Olympus and identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Jupiter and Ganymede: Ganymede's back story: Son of trosh the first king of troy was a beautiful trojan prince. Jupiter sees the Ganymede and is in love with him and he turns into a giant eagle and abduct Ganymede and becomes a cup bearer for the gods on olympus.

Erysichthon, Ceres, Hunger and Maestra. Summarize the terrible deed that causes Erysichthon to be punished by Ceres, how Hunger and Maestra figure into this story and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate this story.

Maestra has a shape shifting ability as an intro into the tale. Erysichton mistreats Ceres and hates the gods and almost challenges them. Erysichton goes to this grove of ceres and chops down this massive tree with a dryad inside and when he hits the tree blood starts coming out and still cuts it down while screaming and bleeding. Bystander tries to get him to stop and kills the bystander. Ceres oread seeks out Hunger to punish Erysichton and speaks for ceres saying he needs to be punished. Hunger goes to Erysichton and strikes him with a terrible hunger that cannot be satisifed by anything. Erysichton sells his daughter Maestra so he can buy more food. Neptune then helps Maestra and gives her this ability to transform into to anything and feed her father as she just flees and has the ability to transform to anything so she just gets sold over and over again. Erysichton's hunger is so bad that he eats himself.

The Seven Against Thebes. Explain why Adrastus decides to help Polynices take back the throne of Thebes from Eteocles, describe the actions leading up to this expedition and its disastrous outcome.

King Adrastus has a prophecy that he is to marry his two daughters to a lion and a boar and thinks it's stupid. Late one night there is a commosion at the gates of his palce and there are two guys Polynices and Tydeus (father of the greek here dimetes) and mistake each other for enemies and are about to fight and Adrastus stops them and they have shields with a lion and boar painted on. He then invites them in and explains the prophecy and everything works out and they get married. Polynices asks Adrastus to help him take the city of thebes from from his brother. Adrastus calls for heros and 7 people show up and join the expedition with their followrs. Amphiraeus isn't happy about this and is a seeer and can see very clearly and says everyone will die except for Adrastus and he disappears. The only person who knows is his wife Eriphyle and Polynices figures this out and tells her if she tells him where he it is at he will giver the Necklace of Harmonia (which is cursed) and she immeidilty says where he is Amphiraeus tells his son to kill his mom when he is dead. The son of creon gives himself up because there is a prophecy the youngest son killing himself is the only way to save the city and the city isn't taken. Menoecius and Polynices kill each other and all chaos breaks loose and the thebians are able to defend them off Adrastus escapes and Alcmaeons kills his mom.

Laius, Jocasta and their Son. Explain why Laius and Jocasta choose to expose their infant son, how this plan fails and why their son comes to be called "Oedipus".

Laius, Jocasta and their son: Laius has a dire prophecy that he will have a son that is going to kill him. Laius and his wife decide they wanna have a child trying to have a girl and they have a boy. The orgins of this curse is that Laius abducted Chrysippus who is the son of Pelops and raped him and upset Chysippus so much that he killed himself and Pelops layed a curse on Laius that he is going to have a son that kills him. They realize they can't keep the baby so they were going to expose the baby and made preparations to make sure the baby couldn't get away and give it to a shepherd but the Theban Shepard can't do it so he gives it to another shepherd and the shepherded gives it to his king Polybus and Merope of Corinth and they had been trying to have kids but couldn't so they take the boy in and attend to his wounds and call him Oedpius because his feet are all swollen when they get him.

Ligdus, Telethusa and Io. Summarize the story of Ligdus and the harsh order that he gives to Telethusa, how Io helps Telethusa comply and identify the passages from Book Nine that relate this story.

Lidgus, Telethusa and Io: Ligdus gives an order to Telethusa that if the child is a female expose it if it is a male keep it on raise it. Similar myth to Atlanta storys this was very common back then to leave a child if they were a daughter. Similar history: roman soldiers letter. Recent: Chinas one child policy (if it was determined female they would abort the child) This upsets Telethusa she doesn't want to expose her child. Io's advice Telethusa says don't worry about it if it's a girl keep it and raise it don't care what you husband says. The child's birth and it's a girl but Ligdus has no idea and Telethusa raises it and tells Ligdus to go hunting.

Iphis and Iä Summarize the gender-bending tale of Iphus and Iänthe, identify the key characters in this tale and the passages from Book Nine that relate this story.

Ligdus has no idea the child is a girl and they name the child Iphis which was a very common boy or girl name Telethusa plan is going well. Iphis is raised as if she was a boy and raised as a guy. Iphis is betrothed Ianthe who is a girl. Iphis has this internal dialouge with herself close to when they are about to get married she knows she's a woman and she also knows she is deeply in love with lanthe and she knows when the wedding night comes she will be shown she is a girl and not a guy and doesn't know what to do. She is a male trapped in a females body. Iphis mother prays that a miracle will happen and it works and Iphis goes under a reassignment by Isis and she is now a man happy ending.

Plexippus, Toxeus, Althaea and Meleager. Explain how Meleager came into conflict with Plexippus and Toxeus, how this encounter leads to his doom and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate this story.

Meleager offers the boar hide to Atalanta and gives the boar hide to her. Makes Plexippus and Toxeus (his uncles from hell" and intervene and mad and saying what are you doing you killed it not this woman and they wouldn't stop getting in his face to the point where he couldn't take it anymore and kills both of his uncles. Althea is Meleager mother and her extreme response to this. A prophecy was made to Althea about Meleager saying as long as a certain log isn't consumed Meleager will live Althea then hides the log in a chest to make sure her son will be ok. Althea couldn't believe what Meleager had done she goes to the chest and burns the log in the first available fire.

Midas and Bacchus. Explain how Midas comes to be favored by Bacchus, describe the ill-conceived reward he receives as a result and how Midas is able to rid himself of this inadvertent curse.

Midas and Bacchus: Midas men find Silenus and arrest him and bring him to Midas and Midus says no I know this guy unhand him and is really nice to Silenus they feast for days and hangout and he Midas makes sure Silenus is returned to Bacchus and Gives Midas a reward and Midas says let everything I touch turn to gold because he likes gold. At first it is is great but then when it comes time to eat he can't eat because the food turns to gold same with liquids, and then his daughter touches him and she becomes a gold statue. Midas repents and goes to the Pactolus river and bathes in the spring that feeds and he would be clensed and the golden touch would be washed away.

Minos and the Minotaur. Explain the origins of the Minotaur, describe where the creature was kept, explain why Minos demanded young Athenian men and women to be sacrificed to it and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate this story.

Minos is down by the sea and is sacrificing to the gods and Poseidon sees him sacrificing to the gods and and is like a great guy so he decides to give him a beautiful bull to sacrifice to the gods so all the gods love him. Minos sees this beautiful bull and wants to keep it instead of sacrificing it to have other good lucking bulls. This makes Poseidon mad and curses Pasiphae Minos wife and know Pasiphae wants to have sex with the bull the bull doesn't want to have sex with the bull. Daedales a master craftsman helps Psaiphae by constructing a realistic cow with a trap door on the side. They put the cow in the field the bull comes up thinking it's a cow and has sex with the "cow" but its really Pasiphae and Pasiphae eventually has a baby that is half bull and half man "minotaur" Minos has a problem he can't kill the Minotaur because it is technically his son so he goes to Daedlaes and says he has to figure out something and he constructs a labyrinth for the minotaur that is impossible for him to get out of and would have to feed it occasionally. The murder of Androgeus (minos son) the athenians kill him because he wins all the sporting events and then Minos comes over and attacks them winning the battle and part of the punishment is every 9 years Athens must send 7 young men and women to sacrifice to the Minotaur.

Nisus, Scylla and Minos. Summarize the story of Scylla's betrayal of her father and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate this story.

Minos is the son of Zeus by Europa. Minos attacks Nisus kingdom and isn't aware of Nisus' secret defense (lock of hair color purple) As long as Nisus has the lock of hair his city is pretty much impenetrable. Scylla sees Minos and falls in love with him and fantasizes being with him. Scylla's crime she cuts off her dads hair and then gives it to Minos and Minos reaction is that she is crazy and to get away from her. Once her dad realizes what happened him and Scylla undergo a metamorphoses. Nisus is turned into an osprey and Scylla becomes a bird and tries to cling onto Minos ship and is pursued by her farther.

The "Nostos Epic" and its Themes. [1] Define the term "nostos", explain why the Greeks heroes faced challenges returning from the war and describe the three different outcomes that these men experienced once they arrived at home.

Nostos means homecoming (nostalgia) The basic outcomes of a nostos story: 1. The hero returns and all is well 2. The here returns and his wife is unfaithful, and the hero is displaced 3. The hero returns, wife is unfaithful, and the hero is killed.

The Council of the Gods and Athena's Visit to Ithaca. Explain how Athena initiates Odysseus homeward journey and describe her visit to see Telemachus, Odysseus' son, on Ithaca.

Note: this summary follows the plot of the The Odyssey, which begins "in medias res" (middle of the action) Odysseus has been wondering around for sometime after the war until Athena finally convinces the gods to allow him to come home. The council of the Gods and Zeus' complaint "What a shame it is humans blame us for their misfortune when it is they themselves by the choices they made they increased their pain moei" After Zeus says this Athena gets up and says what about Odysseus you have forgotten about him he has been suffering for 10 years isn't it time for him to come home. Poseidon is mad at Odysseus because he poked Polyphemus eye out who is his child so he did not attend Athena tries to convince Zeus to help Odysseus. Zeus tells Athena to visit Telemachus and get him ready and takes the form of a mentor she helps him prepare to go look for his father get our term Mentor from this character. Telemachus rebukes the suitors and goes in search of news of Odysseus and they don't allow him but he goes anyways which is good because they were going to kill him. She appears Mentes who doesn't go with him and as Mentor who does go with him.

Odysseus' Tale: The Cicones and the Lotus Eaters. Summarize Odysseus' encounters with the Cicones and Lotus Eaters as he begins to describe his adventures to the Phaeaecians.

Odysseus and his men attack the Cicones sparing Maron because he is a priest and he gives Odysseus some very strong unmixed wine. Odysseus men get greedy and don't listen to Odysseus to leave and the Cicones get the tougher Cicones from the mountains and kill much of his men before they are finally able to retreat. The land of the lotus eaters and there are no real dangers except for the Lotus itself they aren't hostile but they give his men the Lotus flower and they suddenly have no desire to leave the place and go home. Possible real world meaning of this encounter which could have been instead of flower be milk of the poppy (opio)

Odysseus's Tale: The Cyclops Polyphemus. Summarize Odysseus' famous encounter with the Cyclops Polyphemus and explain why this particular encounter caused him to be away from home for so long.

Odysseus and the Cyclops Polyphemus: Odysseus's problematic curiosity lands him scouting out the island of Cyclopes because he is interested. Odysseus sees some sign of life and wants to go over and study the cyclopes and see what their mind is like. Odysseus and his men start taking some of the Cyclopes stuff and Odysseus wants to wait and see what they are like. In the initial encounter with Polyphemus he has just got back from getting sheep into his cave and has locked his cave up with a boulder when he notices Odysseus and his men. Everything is fine until he ask why they are in his house then picks up two men and kills them and eat. The men are trapped in the cave and get "green fear" (fear that makes you want to turn around run maddening fear). When Polyphemus is asleep Odysseus can't just kill him because then he would be trapped inside with the boulder. As Polyphemus goes out Odysseus comes up with a plan of sharpening a big stick and blind him. Odysseus give the giant wine from Maron which is mixed and the giant says he will eat him last. He eventually passes out and his eye gets poked out and then the next part of the plan is when he wakes up he will have to let the sheep out and they are gonna hold on under the sheep as hard as they can so he doesn't feel them and just the sheep and manage to get out. Odysseus cleverness of saying his name was nobody helps his escape as the other giants are confused by nobody. Odysseus makes a big mistake by yelling at Polyphemus as they are floating off don't tell everybody it was nobody that did this to you it was Odysseus and they are pulling out he throws a boulder luckily misses but since Odysseus has told him his real name Poseidon is Polythemeus dad and prays to him to make sure he never gets home or if he does finds lots of trouble and all of his crew members are dead.

Keys to Taking the City - Three Important Operations. Identify the three conditions that the Greeks must meet before Troy can be taken and describe how these feats are accomplished.

Odysseus discovers the conditions after capturing Helenus, The trojan Seer: Condition 1: Achilles son must fight at troy solution- easy- Odysseus goes to meet Neoptolemus and he readily agrees to fight Condition 2: Hercale's bow and Arrows must be used solution: Harder- Odusseus convince Philoctetes to come to Troy; (has an accident with arrows where he barely nics himself with the arrows and gets a nasty wound causing him not going to war originally because it smelled so bad manages to get his foot healed Odysseus talks him into coming back immediately shoots Paris) Condition #3: Capture the Palladium (statue of Athena) as long as this statue is in the city the city won't be able to fall. Solution- Hardest- Odysseus infiltrates Troy disguised a beggar and steals the statue.

Odysseus, Nausicaä and Her Parents. Summarize the encounter between Odysseus and the princess Nausicaä and how Odysseus appeals to her parents for assistance.

Odysseus finally makes landfall and looks horrible and crawls underneath an olive bush olive represents Athena his paetron. Looks like a baby almost symbols his rebirth (he was dead for 10 years supposedly) Nausicaa has a dream from Athena and she tells her to gather her friends and do the laundry by the river where Odysseus is near. Odysseus wakes up and scares the girls everyone flees except for Nausicaa and she gives him a bath give him clothes and she gives him advice to go to her fathers palace and go to her mother and be her subquent and beg. Odysseus goes to town and athena wraps him around a cloud and gives him directions and begins to beg to the queen and give her his story. Suppliant to queen.

Oedipus and the Oracle at Delphi. Explain how Oedipus comes to doubt his parentage, what the Oracle at Delphi tells him about his future and how Oedipus unwittingly kills his own father.

Oedipus and the Oracle at Delphi: Polybus and Merope do the one thing you aren't supposed to do and tell Oedipus that he is adopted. Oedipus believes he is the son of Polybus and Merope and is certain of it and one night he gets drunk and one of his friends tell him that he is adopted and he freaks out and wakes his parents up and asks if he's adopted and they tell him to go back to bed and he goes to the Oracle of Delphi because he wants to know and the Oracle says no you got bigger problems then that and says he is destined to kill his father and marry his mother the oracle doesn't say anything about his original question. Oedipus is at a crossroads and instead of going back to Cornith he goes to Thebes so he doesn't kill who he thinks is his mom and dad of Cornith. He has a violent encounter Laius on the road going to Thebes and Laius tells Oedipus to get out of the road and he says he was there first and then Laius orders him to be killed by his men and Oedipus kills every single one of them and one person gets away.

Oedipus at Colonus. Describe how Oedipus comes into conflict with his sons at Colonus, how Theseus helps resolve this conflict and how Oedipus ends his life.

Oedipus is exiled from thebes and shunned and wanders around with his daughter Antigone and Ismene and no one wants to take him in and finally arrives at a place at Colunus and decides this is where he is going to end his life because it is close to a shrine of the furriers as a sacrifice but is welcomed by Theseus. He gets a visit by his 2 sons Polynice and Eteocles who took over once he was exiled but one overthrows the other and are about to go to war with each other and they go to the oracle and the orcale says whoever Oedipus sides with is who will take over and they show up so they can use him not because they love him he points this out and curses them. Creon tries to take Oedipus by force and Theseus stops him and tries to insult Theseus. Oedipus then defends his life and says the gods did this to himself and after this Oedpius goes off by himself and something specialed happened to him and he vanished (apotheosis). Theseus sees this and doesn't tell anyone.

Oedipus the King. Summarize Oedipus' famous encounter with the Sphinx, his happy life as king of Thebes and how he finally comes to know the terrible truth that he has not escaped the fte foretold by the oracle.

Oedpius the King: Oedipus runs into Creon who is in charge while Leius is gone. Leius was on his way to consult the oracle about the Sphinx who was half woman and half lion bottom parts of a lion turso of human with wings and the sphinx liked to ask riddles and if they got it wrong they would kill them. Creon says whoever can get rid of this can marry his sister Jocasta and be the king and Oedipus confronts the Sphinx and the Sphinx asked him the riddle about a man. Oedipus gets it right and the Sphinx kills herself throwing herself off the Acropolises. Oedipus then marries Jocasta and has a family who is his mother but doesn't know. A plague decends upon a city so he goes to the Oracle and the Oracle says Apollo is displeased with the city of Thebes because they are codling the murder of king Leius. Oedipus wants to get to the bottom of this and find whoever killed Leius and banish them from the City and is told that he is the one who killed him and while this investigation is going on a messenger comes and says Polybus has died and it's bitter sweet as Oedipus thanks he has avoided his fate and the messenger was like you know he isn't the real dad. Jocasta realizes what has happened and tells Oedipus not to ask anymore questions and the messenger reveals that he was on the road when Oedipus is the one who killed the king and then runs into the house and has found Jocasta hanging her self and then he blinds himself and has been destroyed by his own fate.

The Death of Orpheus. Describe how Orpheus meets his end, how Apollo punishes those responsible and how Orpheus and Eurydice are reunited in the Underworld.

Orpheus completes his song which begun in book 10. Opheus spotted by Maenads and see him and are mad at him because he is now into younger boys and not women. Initial attack doesn't work because he starts singing and the weapons they threw at him would stop right in front of him but eventually they made there own noise and drown his song out and are able to kill him with farmers weapons. His head floats down a river and arrives on the island of Lesbos this is important because many important poets come from this island.

Orpheus and the Trees. Describe Orpheus' life after he loses Eurydice and how Ovid uses this story to frame a large narrative sequence of stories within Book 10.

Orpheus tries to get back into Hades but can't and becomes super depressed and doesn't eat anything loses interest in everything. He eventually moves past this and doesn't want to have anything to do with women and instead moves on for younger boys. Sidebar: Greek homosexuality (it was ok for men to have sex with other men but if you were considered the female in a male on male relationship was bad and women on women is bad) Orpheus sings- and all the trees start to move toward him and this opens a large frame story.

Peleus and Thetis. Explain why Jupiter decides to wed Thetis to Peleus and how he is able to win her over with the help of Proteus.

Peleus and Thetis the parents of Achilles. Jupiter's reason for arranging the marriage is because Thetis is destined to raise a son that is great then Zeus. Zeus goes to Peleus and tells him he has a great girl for him and tells him to have sex with her on the beach while she is asleep. However Thetis has a special ability to transform herself into any member of things so on Peleus first attempt she just changes into all sorts of creatures and she escapes. Peleus makes a sacrifice and Proteus gives him advice that she will be asleep in a cave and just hold on to her next time. Peleus then subdues Thetis and "marries her"

Ceyx and the Story of Chione and Daedalion. Summarize the story of Chione, Apollo and Mercury and explain why Apollo transforms Daedalion into a hawk.

Peleus killed his brother Phocus don't know if it was on accident or purpose but had to be exiled and go to a new kingdom where he could be purified end up going to Ceyx. Ceyx is sad and Peleus ask why and then Ceyx tells the story of his niece Chione and brother daedalion and lays out the story. Another story of sexual assault. Chione is beloved by Apollo and Mercury and Mercury taps her with his wand and then has sex with her and Apollo shows up disguised as an old woman and manages to have sex with her. She has two children one from each god and she ends up insulting Diana by bragging about how great her kids are and Diana punishes her by shooting an arrow right through her tounge and she bleeds to death. This really upsets her Daedalion and overcome by grief he runs up a mountain and throws himself off the mountain and is turned into an eagle.

Theseus and his Idiot Friend Pirithoüs. Identify Pirithoüs - the idiot friend of Theseus - and describe the moronic plan that he comes up with for finding brides for himself and his bestie.

Prithous and Thesus backstory: Theseus become king and hear cattle wrestling going on and take a band of armed warrios and they run into Pirithous and his band of armed warriors and size each other up and had a 30 second bromance and hug it out. Pirithous marries Hippodamia and they invite the Lapiths and Centaurs to the wedding and when they drink they get horny towards women. Centaurs try to take the Lapith women away and into the woods. Hippodamia dies and Pirithious has a big idea of stealing brides after him and Theseus wifes both passed. They decide to abduct Helen (later of troy) at spoarta. Then they plan to abduct Persephone and Hades improsones them. Theseus rescued by Heracles, Helen recovered by Castor and Pollux her brothers.

The Heroism of Protesilaus, Stalemate and Odysseus' Punishment of Palamedes. Explain why the Greeks especially honored Protesilaus, why the war was fought to a stalemate for 9/10ths of its duration, and how Odysseus gets his revenge against Palamedes.

Protesaius- the "first penguin" (whoever the first person off the ship will die and he is the first person off the ship) and he jumps off the ship and is immediately killed and they barry him with great fan faire. Initial actions- Greek victory on the beach, Trojan defense of the walls the greeks can't get in so they attack the allied cities around troy making the trojans coming out during the day to defend the other cities forming a stalemate so the greeks build a camp by their ships to protect them because if there boats are destroyed they can never leave troy. Odysseus get his revenge on Palamedes by taking parts of Agamemnon stash of gold and putting it in a secrete chest that no one knew about and when Palamedes was away he baried the chest under Palamedes tent and then called a meeting saying Palamedes was helping the trojan effort and says he has proof that he has a secret cash of treasure that no one knows about and Odysseus leads the search and "finds" the chest underneath his chest and this leads to Palamedes death.

Summarize the story of Pygmalion, explain why and how he came to create the statue that would eventually become his wife identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Pygmalion: The daughters of Propoetus have denied the divinity of Venus (one way ticket to something bad happening to them) Venus curses them by making them become prostitutes. Pygmalion lives with them and is absolutely digested by their behavior and wants nothing to do with them. Instead starts to work on a statue of his ideal women. Gets a little weird with his statue gives it presents like birds and seashells dresses the statue up and takes the clothes off and sleeps with the statue. Pygmalion prays to Venus to give him a wife and she answers the prayer and the statue becomes a real women (Galatea) Modern versions of the myth: Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw/ My Fair lady by lerner and low (1964) film

The Odyssey and the Core Elements of the "Return Song". [2] Identify Albert Lord and Milman Parry, summarize the key elements of the "return song" that they discovered in their research and explain how Odysseus' story fits this model.

The Odyssey and the Core Elements of the "Return Song": Lord, Parry and the Serbo-Croatian guslars (Plays an instrument with 1 string trained how Homer and other poets learned there poetry) 1. A man is called away to war he does not want to fight 2. The man is away for a long time 3. Man is detained (usually by a female) as he tries to return home 4. When he arrives, he finds his wife beset by suitors 5. The man vanquishes his rivals and reunites with his wife

Achilles, Penthesilea, Memnon and Achilles End. Summarize Achilles encounters with the Amazon queen Penthesileia and the Ethiopian king Memnon and describe how Achilles is finally killed by the Trojans.

The war drags on after Hectors death. Arrival of Penthesileia (queen of the amazons) and the amazons. The amazons capture men of warfare and use them as sex slaves until everyone is impregnated and then they put you to death and the males are exposed and the females are kept. Achilles and Penthesileia duel and as Achilles is about to kill her he falls in love with her but it is too late as the spear goes through the body and he cradles her as she dies. Memnon, son of Eos comes to aid for troy and duels Achilles and is killed. Zeus weighing the fates of warriors by Zeus. Achilles is killed by Paris as he was shot in the heel by Paris. When Achilles was a baby his mother dipped in the river of styk which made his body impenatrable so you couldn't puncture his body but couldn't dip him fully in so the only part of his body that wasn't was his heel which is only thing that could be penetrated on his body.

Theseus, Phaedra and Hippolytus. Summarize the origins of Theseus's son, Hippolytus, and how he meets his death at the instigation of his mother-in-law, Phaedra.

Theseus abducts and Marries Hippolyte the Amazon. They are happily married and have a son named Hippolytus and the amazons are mad Hippolyte had been stolen from them and they invade Athens and Hippolyte fights for Athens and is killed in this battle. Theseus marries Phaedra; Hippolytus grows up asexual and despise Aphrodite. This makes aphrodite mad abd cayses Phaedra to fall madly in love with Hippolytus who is her step son. Phaedra decides she is going to kill herself to cause less problems then her nurse maid (Juno) and tells Phaedra to tell him how you feel and Phaedra and tells him how he feels and Hippolytus runs from her. Phaedra kills herself after this and rights a note Hippolytus tried to rape her. Theseus finds all of this out and gets enraged with his son and calls a curse upon a him and Poseidon causes creatues to come out and scare Hippolytus horses causing him to crash Theseus confronts him and Hippolytus says she was lying and Theseus realises she was lying and watches his son perish.

Theseus and his Journey to Athens. Describe how Theseus proves that he is Aegeus' son, explain why he chooses to travel overland to Athens and summarize the encounters he has on this journey.

Theseus grows up and is eventually able to pick up the rock where the rock and sandals lay. Theseus decides to go overland (dangerous) to find his dad in Athens very similar to Hercules. (6 labors) 1. Periphetes the "club man" known for clubbing people to death with his club and taking their money Theseus take the club and beats him to death with it 2. Sinis the Pine Bender- He likes to take people and bend two pine trees down stretches a man on it then lets the pine trees go and the person gets torn limb from limb. Kills Sinis the way he tried killing him. 3. Sciron the footwashing bandit- Makes whoever he beats in wrestling or similar to it wash his feet and then kicks them off a cliff into the sea. Theseus does this same thing to Sciron. 4. The crommyon sow (a giant pig) 5. Cerycon the Wrestler- Likes to wrestle people to death and get them in a choke hold and chokes them to death Theseus does this to him. 6. Procrustes and his bed- Procrustes has this bed in his home where if you are too long it saws off your legs and if your too short he stretches u out either way u end up being dead. Theseus overcomes him and forces Procrustes on his bed killing him and then destroying the bed.

Theseus and Ariadne. Explain how Ariadne helps Theseus survive his encounter with the Minotaur, summarize their escape from Crete, explain why Ariadne ends up marrying Bacchus and identify the passages from Book Eight that relate this story.

Theseus shows up in Athens and demands he be one of the young men sacrificed to the minotaur because he thinks he can put an end to it. His father (Aegeus) tells him when you come back change the sails from black to white so he knows his son lives. Ariadne sees Theseus when he arrives and falls in love. Ariadne's aid to help Theseus kill the minotaur. She gives him a sword and thread to help him get out of the labyrinth once he defeats the Minotaur. Theseus confronts the Minotaur, slays it and finds his way out with the Thread. Theseus then grabs the other Athenians and escape Crete as fast as possible and stop at an island on Naxos and either forget Ariadne on the island or Theseus decides she can't be trusted and just leaves her their. Ariadne ends up marrying Dionisius. Theseus forgets to change the sails to white and Aegeus sees this and throws himself into the ocean and kills himself.

The Education of Heracles and his Choice. Describe Heracles' education, identify his tutors (especially the one he accidentally kills!) and describe the choice that is given to Heracles as a young man and how his choice determines the course of his life.

Tiresias reveals Hercules true father and proclaims his future greatness. Amphitryon sees to Heracles' education personally (Chiron) Linus is one of the tutors of Hercules and Linus has a bad habbit of smacking his students around. Linus is teaching Heracles to play the lire and Heracles plays something wrong Linus smacks him on the head Heracles gets mad and smashes the lire on Linus head killing him because he has short temper and drinking problem. Vice and Virtue appear to Heracles and offer him a choice and vice says to him if you become my friend I will give u a life of luxury and deceit and virtue says she can't promise her those thing but if he becomes her friend he will get great glory from his peers and he chooses virtue.

Odysseus's Tale: The Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis and the Cattle of Helios. Summarize Odysseus' encounters with the Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis and the Cattle of Helios as he concludes his story.

To enter the mouth of Hades Odysseus must do the Nekuia ceremony to get the attention of the souls of the dead and communicate them. He gets a big black ram digs a trench and slits the throat let the blood fill the trench and then the ghost will come and drink the blood and they will talk to. Elpenor appears (one of the crew members of Odysseus didn't hear the horn they were leaving and forgot to use the ladder to get down and broke his neck) makes Odysseus promise he is given a proper barriel otherwise he will haunt him. Tiresias gives him information about how to get home and what to do and how to not Poseidon angry anymore. The Anticleia shows up (Odysseus mom) who died because of a broken heart of thinking he was dead and tells him Penelope is in trouble there is a lot of suitors. Agamemnon tells Odysseus how he died and Agamemnon tries to warn Odysseus against Penelope not trusting her. He returns to Circe and barry Elpenor and Circe gives him advice about the sirens and stuff the wax. Then tells him about the Scylla (takes 9 of his men) and Charybdis could get lucky and avoid the whirlpool of her and the cattle of Helios and says not to eat this Cattle otherwise they will die. Odysseous doesn't plug his ears but is tied up so he can hear the song because he likes to know things. Odysseus chooses scylla and 9 guys are taken. F

Venus and Adonis. Summarize the tragic love story of Venus and Adonis identify the key passages from Book Ten that relate this story.

Venus and Adonis. The strange birth of Adonis Myrrah is still pregnate when she is transformed into this tree but wants her baby born and when he is ready to be born is born out of the tree by the goddess of child birth. He is taken care of by nymphs and grows up to be the best looking guy on the planet. Venus even falls in love with Adonis. Adonis punishment of Venus for Venus causing Myrrah to fall in love with her own father. It wasn't cupids arrow accident that caused her to fall in love it was a fury but here it was Venus it's fault. Cupid accidently scrapes Venus with one of his arrows and now Venus is madly in love with Adonis and only wants to be with him. Venus tries to advice Adonis to hunt non violent things and safe things. Venus tells the story of Atalanta and Hippomenes.

Achilles, Hector and Priam. Describe the duel between Achilles and Hector, how Achilles acts reprehensibly after this encounter and how Priam succeeds in ransoming his son's body for proper burial.

When Achilles finds out Patroclus had been killed he is under great grief and rage against Hector and returns to the war. He gets another suit of armour from his mother and goes an aristeia (killing everyone) in battle and anyone who surrenders to him he kills them too and then him and Nector duel and knowing the weakness of Nector's armour due to it being Achilles old armour stabs him right in the throat and takes hectors body and drives it around on a chariot and abusing the body and the gods do not approve. Zeus tells apollo to protect Hectors body. Hermes comes to Priam in her moment of grief and says he is going to take her to the greek camp to find Achilles to get the body. When Priam talks to Achilles he kisses his hand and wishes for the body of his son back and Achilles is ashamed of what he has done and gives him Hectors body back.

The Judgement of Paris and the Seduction of Helen. Summarize the backstory of the Trojan prince Paris (or Alexandros) and the chain of related events leading up to the outbreak of the Trojan War.

When Hecuba was pregnant with Paris she had a dream that she gave birth to a torch that set fire and burned the whole city of Troy down. She goes to a seer to see what this means and they say it means the child you are barring will be the cause of the destruction of troy. They decide to bring Paris up and expose him and he is found by shepherds and raised by them. Paris grows up and is a semi heroic figure and takes on an alternate name Alexander which means savior men. The wedding feast of Peleus and Thetis is happening and everyone is invited accept Eris "the goddess of discord" and Eris finds out and makes her mad. She gets even by getting a golden apple and inscribing it to the fairest and throws it into the wedding banquet and all the women start arguing over who is the fairest. There are three finalist Athena, Juno, and Aphrodite and they go to Zeus and he tells them Paris is a judge of beauty known as the judgement of Paris in which it is more of a bribery contest. He chooses Aphrodite and Athena and Juno will plot their revenge against him and Troy. Paris is returned to Troy and reunited with his parents and his father sends him on an important embassy to Sparta and there is Helen at Sparta and Paris follows in love with her and with the help of Aphrodite she helps him seduce Helen and take her back to Troy.