AMS GEOL 15B

5. Nutrients are added to the ocean (ocean fertilization), which increases oceanic productivity in the surface ocean and transports a fraction of the resulting biogenic carbon downward. This climate intervention technique to lower the average global surface temperature is indicated by process ____ above. a. A b. D c. E d. H e. I f. K

a. A

4. Following the listing of three recommendations concerning geoengineering (climate intervention) of Earth's climate system, the Statement emphasizes that "Geoengineering will not substitute for either aggressive mitigation or proactive adaption, but it ____ contribute to a comprehensive risk management strategy to slow climate change and alleviate some of its negatives' effects." a. could b. could not

a. could

3. The Statement considers the threat of climate change to be serious and unlikely to be managed adequately by mitigation and adaptation. Further, it states that it ___ "prudent to consider geoengineering's potential benefits, to understand it limitations, and to avoid ill-considered deployment." a. is b. is not

a. is

6. Alkalinity from solid minerals is added to the ocean, which causes more atmospheric CO2 to dissolve in the ocean. This climate intervention technique to lower the average global surface temperature is indicated by process ____ above. a. A b. B c. C d. H e. I f. K

b. B

7. The biomass resulting from plant growth may be harvested and sequestered as organic material through burial of trees, crop wastes, or as charcoal (biochar). This is an example utilizing the combined processes of ____, which would be expected over time to lower the average global surface temperature. a. A and D b. E and F c. B and I d. K and L

b. E and F

2. Overall, the Statement describes that at the present time geoengineering (climate intervention) of the climate system is ____. a. proven and low risk b. proven and high risk c. unproven and high risk

c. unproven and high risk

8. Because CO2 emissions from anthropogenic sources continue to increase CO2 levels in the atmosphere, according to Figure 3, CCS engineering technologies are being pursued for ____ sources of removal processes. a. biomass b. bioenergy (biofuels) c. fossil fuels d. all of the above

d. all of the above

1. The AMS Statement defines geoengineering (climate intervention) as the deliberate manipulation of the ____ aspects of the Earth system. a. physical b. chemical c. biological d. any or all of these

d. any of all of these