Anatomy 1 ch 11 - How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movement
The supinator muscle extends the forearm at the elbow joint. True False
False
The intrinsic muscles of the foot have their origins and their insertions within the foot. True False
True
The quadriceps femoris muscle (made up of a group of four muscles) is the largest muscle of the body. True False
True
True or False: The pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi are called axial muscles because they originate on the scapula.
False
The name "rectus abdominis" tells us:
its fibers run parallel to the midline
Most muscles cross at least one a) tendon b) joint c) bone d) ligament e) body plane
joint
When the knee is being flexed, what is the fulcrum? a) femur b) weight of lower leg and foot c) knee joint d) tibia e) contraction of quadriceps femoris
knee joint
Which of the following muscles act to stabilize the scapula, and would also, when contracted, pull the shoulders back (like a soldier at attention)? 1. trapezius 2. levator scapulae 3. rhomboid major and minor 1 only 2 only 3 only 1 & 2 2 & 4
3 only
The knee (tibiofemoral) joint can be described by what statements? Select all that apply. a) The force is applied between the fulcrum and the resistance. b) The resistance is between the fulcrum and the force. c) The fulcrum is between the force and resistance. d) Produces a mechanical disadvantage. e) Produces a mechanical advantage. f) first-class lever g) second-class lever h) third-class lever
Answer 1: a Answer 2: d Answer 3: h
Most of the muscles that move the femur originate on the ______. A. Femur B. Tibia C. Pelvic girdle D. Ischium
C
Which muscles are involved in flexing your arm? A. Biceps brachii B. Brachialis C. Brachioradialis D. All of these
D
False
The longer the fibers in a muscle, the less range of motion it is able to produce.
adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
What is the action of the muscle labeled G?
I
Where is the gracilis?
D
Where is the orbicularis oculi?
Muscle paralysis would lead to ___. hypertrophy atrophy spasms tics
atrophy
Which of these muscles has a major role in opening the mouth (depressing the mandible)? masseter temporalis medial pterygoid digastric omohyoid
digastric
During knee flexion, what is the effort? a) knee joint b) contraction of hamstring muscle group c) weight of lower leg and foot d) femur e) tibia
contraction of hamstring
Which muscle raises the eyelids?
levator palpebrae superioris
Muscles of the ____ assist in urination, defecation, erection of the penis or clitoris, and ejaculation.
perineum
Which motions can be made by the upper limbs but NOT by the lower limbs? a) pronation and supination b) flexion and extension c) adduction and abduction d) lateral and medial rotation
pronation and supination
A 1 year old child presents with crossed eyes. While she seems fine and is able to recognize people, the patient is diagnosed with a) nystagmus. b) strabismus. c) presbyopia. d) myopia. e) hypermetropia.
strabismus
In a hiatus hernia, the stomach protrudes through which opening of the diaphragm?
the esophageal hiatus
When the term rectus appears in the name of a muscle, it indicates that
the muscle fascicles run parallel to the midline of the body
What is the most common class of levers found in the body?
third class lever
What muscles do you contract to signify yes and no? A. Sternocleidomastoid B. Semispinalis capitis C. Splenius capitis D. Longissimus capitis E. All of these would be involved.
E
The term quadriceps refers to the shape of a muscle, and indicates this muscle is shaped approximately like a square, with four corners. True False
False
Discuss the roles of agonists, antagonists, synergists, and fixators in movement.
The agonist (prime mover) contracts to cause a particular movement. The antagonist causes the opposite action, and so, must relax while the agonist contracts. Synergists prevent unwanted movements during an action or aid the agonist during the movement, while fixators stabilize the origin of the agonist. Both allow the agonist to work more efficiently.
Which muscles elevate the ribs during inhalation to expand the thoracic cavity?
external intercostals
Which of the following correctly pairs the muscle with the action? A. raise shoulder: levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor B. lower shoulder: subclavius C. join hands behind back: trapezius, rhomboid D. join hands in front of chest: pectoralis minor, serratus anterior E. all of the choices are correct
E
The belly of the muscle that moves a joint often does not itself cover the joint. T/F?
True
F
Which muscle originates at the anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral body?
Your friend nods back and forth to you, making the "yes" motion. What muscles are involved in this 'yes' motion? Select all that apply. a) bilaterally sternocleidomastoid b) unilaterally sternocleidomastoid c) bilaterally semispinalis capitis d) unilaterally semispinalis capitis e) bilaterally splenius capitis f) unilaterally splenius capitis g) bilaterally longissimus capitis h) unilaterally longissimus capitis i) spinalis capitis
a c e g i
Which of the following is not one of the quadriceps femoris group of muscles? 1. gracilis 2. sartorius 3. vastus medialis 4. vastus lateralis 1 only 2 only 3 only 4 only 1 and 2
1 and 2
Which of the following muscles act(s) to increase the size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation? 1. diaphragm 2. external intercostals 3. internal intercostals 1 only 2 only 3 only 1, 2 & 3 1 and 2
1 and 2
Which of the following muscles have an insertion on the xiphoid process? 1. rectus abdominis 2. internal and external obliques 3. transversus abdominis 1 only 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 2 and 3
1 and 3
Which of the following examples of levers is mismatched? A. First class lever - Elbow joint B. Second-class lever -Standing up on your toes C. Third class lever - Biceps brachii muscle D. All of these are correct.
A
With reference to the effort and load, describe the main difference between a lever operating with a mechanical advantage versus a lever operating at a mechanical disadvantage.
A lever operates at a mechanical advantage when a smaller effort can move a heavier load. The effort moves a greater distance at a faster rate than the load. A lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage when a larger effort moves a lighter load. The effort moves more slowly and for a shorter distance than the load. When the load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum, the effort applied must be greater than the load to be moved. This type of leverage is mechanically advantageous because it allows the load to be moved rapidly through a large distance, with only minimal muscle shortening.
What is the largest muscle group of the back? A. Transversospinales group B. Erector spinae C. Scalene D. Splenius
B
What would happen if you lost tone in the masseter and temporalis muscle? A. Kissing would be impossible B. You would be unable to chew. C. You would be unable to produce sounds due to vocal cord paralysis D. Swallowing would be impossible.
B
Which of the following terms is incorrectly matched with its meaning? A. Deltoid - Triangular B. Piriformis - Comblike C. Quadriceps - Four origins D. Tensor - Makes a body part rigid. E. Platys - Flat
B
The stationary attachment of a muscle is termed the ______ while the attachment to a movable bone is called the _____. A. Belly; insertion B. Belly; origin C. Insertion; origin D. Origin; insertion E. Insertion; origin
D
Which of the following is mismatched? A. Gracilis - Medial compartment of the thigh B. Quadriceps femoris - Anterior compartment of the thigh C. Semitendinosus - Posterior compartment of the thigh D. Biceps femoris - Anterior compartment of the thigh E. Vastus medialis - Anterior compartment of the thigh
D
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. The agonist contracts to cause an action while the antagonist stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover. B. Synergists contract to stabilize intermediate joints during a movement. C. Fixators stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently. D. The antagonist contracts to cause an action while the agonist stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover.
D
True or False: A concentric isotonic contraction differs from and eccentric isotonic contraction in that the muscle lengthens in the concentric contraction.
False
Briefly describe the three categories of levers based on the position of their fulcrum. Give an example of each type of lever and state whether the lever works at a mechanical advantage, disadvantage or both
If the fulcrum is between the effort and the load it is a first class lever. Scissors are an example of a first class lever. A first class lever can produce either a mechanical advantage or disadvantage depending on whether the effort or load is closer to the fulcrum. If the load is between the fulcrum and the effort, it is a second class lever. A wheel barrow is an example of a second class lever. They operate at a mechanical advantage because the load is always closer to the fulcrum than the effort. If the effort is between the fulcrum and the load, it is a third class lever. Forceps are an example of a third class lever. They operate at a mechanical disadvantage because the effort is always closer to the fulcrum than the load.
Briefly describe four main benefits of stretching before exercising.
Stretching can improve physical performance by increasing joint flexibility allowing the joint to move through a greater range of motion. Stretching decreases risk of injury by decreasing resistance in various soft tissues so there is less of a chance of exceeding maximum tissue extensibility during activity. Stretching can reduce some of the muscle soreness that results after exercise. Stretching can help realign soft tissues to improve and maintain good posture.
What anatomical structures of the musculoskeletal system correspond to the components of a lever system? Describe the arrangement of these parts in first, second, and third class lever systems.
The bone is the lever. The joint is the fulcrum. The muscle contraction pulling on its insertion point is the effort. The weight of the part to be moved is the resistance. A first class lever has the fulcrum between the effort and the resistance; a second class lever has the resistance in the middle; the third class lever has the effort in the middle. In all cases, the lever moves around the fulcrum.
Name and describe the locations and actions of the muscles typically used in breathing
The diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity. It flattens (contracts) during inspiration to increase the size of the thoracic cavity. The external intercostals are found between the ribs and they act to increase the lateral and anteroposterior dimensions of the thorax. Internal intercostals are also found between ribs and they act by pulling the ribs together to decrease the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm relaxes during expiration to form a dome that decreases the size of the thoracic cavity. The anterior scalenes and the pectoralis minor also assist during forced inspirations.
False
The pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi are called axial muscles because they originate on the scapula.
Chuck has a rotator cuff injury. Which muscles and associated structures are most commonly involved in this type of injury? What sorts of activities commonly cause this injury?
The tendon of the scapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor make up the rotator cuff. The most commonly injured structure of the rotator cuff is the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle. Any activity involving vigorous circumduction of shoulder can result in a rotor cuff injury. Common examples of activities that lead to this injury include throwing baseballs, playing racket sports, and swimming
The gluteus medius is a common site for intramuscular injections. True False
True
The mastoid process of the temporal bone is an important insertion point for muscles of the neck that move the head. True False
True
flexes the forearm at the elbow joint
What is the action of the muscle labeled I?
pronation and supination
Which motions can be made by the upper limbs but NOT by the lower limbs?
F
Which muscle in this figure can abduct, medially and laterally rotate, and extend the arm at the glenohumeral joint?
D
Which muscle in this figure produces the effort when you plantar flex to see over a taller person in front of your view?
e) all of the choices are correct
Which of the following correctly pairs the muscle with the action? a) raise shoulder: levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor b) lower shoulder: subclavius c) join hands behind back: trapezius, rhomboid d) join hands in front of chest: pectoralis minor, serratus anterior e) all of the choices are correct
e) a and b only (flexor carpi radialis & palmaris longus)
Which of the following muscles would be involved in writing and serve primarily as flexors? a) Flexor carpi radialis b) Palmaris longus c) Abductor pollicis longus d) Extensor pollicis longus e) a and b only
Which muscle's insertion fuses with the calcaneal tendon? Select all that apply. a) soleus b) gastrocnemius c) plantaris d) popliteus e) flexor hallucis longus
a b c
Which muscles have a triangular fascicle arrangement that spreads over a broad area and converges at a thick central tendon? Select all that apply. a) pectoralis major b) rectus femoris c) deltoid d) pectoralis minor e) lattisimus dorsi f) orbicularis oris g) digastric
a d e
What terms can be used to describe forearm muscle movements at the wrist but NOT on the fingers at the interphalangeal joints? a) flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction b) extension and flexion c) abduction and adduction d) flexion and adduction e) pronation and supination
abduction and adduction
Which term best applies to a muscle that acts to move a bone away from the midline of the body?
abductor
Which term best applies to a muscle that acts to move a bone away from the midline of the body? oblique synergist flexor abductor adductor
abductor
The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the a) antagonist. b) agonist. c) synergist. d) asynergist. e) fixator.
agonist
Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the olecranon process and superior portion of the ulna? pronator teres supinator anconeus triceps brachii
anconeus
If one is stabbed on the lateral side of the abdomen, what abdominal muscles, in order from superficial to deep, will the knife go through? a) rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique b) external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis c) transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique d) external oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis e) internal oblique, transversus abdominis, external oblique
b) external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
"How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood" is difficult to say. What muscles work together to allow this to be spoken? a) masseter, buccinators, temporalis, platysma b) palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus c) risorius, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major d) mentalis, orbicularis oris, levator labii superioris e) sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid
b) palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus
Which of these groups includes only muscles that move the humerus but do NOT originate on the axial skeleton? a) serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, trapezius b) supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus c) deltoid, brachioradialis, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major d) trapezius, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, triceps brachii e) triceps brachii, biceps brachii, brachioradialis
b) supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus
Which of the following pairs of muscles are agonist-antagonists (that is, one flexes and the other extends) the forearm?
biceps brachii and triceps brachii
Which of the following pairs of muscles are agonist-antagonists (that is, one flexes and the other extends) the forearm? biceps brachii and brachioradialis brachialis and brachioradialis triceps brachii and anconeus biceps brachii and triceps brachii anconeus and supinator
biceps brachii and triceps brachii
The origin of the hyoglossus muscle is the mandible styloid process of temporal bone body of hyoid bone anterior surface of soft palate
body of hyoid bone
Which muscle has its origin on the lateral border of the distal end of the humerus and its insertion on the distal end of the radius near the styloid process? biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis anconeus
brachioradialis
Forcefully blowing through a trumpet would require contraction of which muscle? a) buccinator b) zygomaticus major c) levator labii superioris d) risorius e) occipitofrontalis
buccinator
Which muscles help expel urine in both males and females? Select all that apply. a) compressor urethrae b) deep transverse perineal c) external urethral sphincter d) bulbospongiosus e) superficial transverse perineal f) ischiocavernosus
c d
Tapping your fingers against the table, similar to typing on a keyboard would use what muscles? Select all that apply. a) Flexor carpi ulnaris b) Extensor carpi ulnaris c) Flexor digitorum profundus d) Flexor digitorum superficialis e) Palmaris longus f) Extensor digitorum g) Extensor digiti minimi h) Extensor pollicis brevis
c d f g
Based on its name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle? a) has two insertions and found in lower leg b) has two bellies and found in the upper leg c) has two origins and found in the upper leg d) has two origins and found in the upper arm e) has two insertions and found in the upper leg
c) has two origins and found in the upper leg
The transvers abdominis [dropdown 1] compress the abdomen, and [dropdown 2] flex the vertebral column like other anterior abdominal muscles. Dropdown choices: can cannot
can cannot
Which fascicle arrangement, under voluntary or involuntary regulation of contraction, can control the opening or closing an orifice (opening)? a) pennate b) triangular c) circular d) parallel e) fusiform
circular
Which of the following muscles act(s) to increase the size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation? 1. diaphragm 2. external intercostals 3. internal intercostals
diaphragm and external intercostals
Which of these muscles has a major role in opening the mouth (depressing the mandible)? masseter temporalis medial pterygoid digastric omohyoid
digastric
Motion will occur at a lever system when a) resistance at the insertion exceeds the load. b) the force of the contraction is not more than the load. c) effort at the origin exceeds the load. d) effort at the insertion exceeds the load
effort at the insertion exceeds the load
Which of the following homeostatic functions involve both skeletal and smooth muscle in the reproductive system? ejection of semen regulation of menstrual blood flow from the uterus movement of oocyte along the uterine tube orgasm during intercourse
ejection of semen
Muscle fascicles can be arranged in one of several patterns. Which of the following patterns is not an example of the arrangement of fascicles in a muscle?
elliptical
Muscle fascicles can be arranged in one of several patterns. Which of the following patterns is not an example of the arrangement of fascicles in a muscle? pennate elliptical fusiform triangular circular
elliptical
Improper lifting of a heavy load (such as trying to lift a box of books from its position on the floor), is most likely to cause painful back spasms in which muscle(s)?
erector spinae
Improper lifting of a heavy load (such as trying to lift a box of books from its position on the floor), is most likely to cause painful back spasms in which muscle(s)? splenius capitis splenius cervicis longissimus thoracis erector spinae scalene
erector spinae
The __________ muscle(s) is (are) the primary extensor muscle(s) of the vertebral column.
erector spinae
The __________ muscle(s) is (are) the primary extensor muscle(s) of the vertebral column. transversospinales erector spinae spinalis thoracis scalene group rotators
erector spinae
Both arms _______ during the downswing when a batter strikes the baseball. abduct adduct flex extend
extend
Your friend nods back and forth to you, making the "yes" motion. What muscle actions on the head at the neck are involved in this 'yes' motion? a) rotation and circumduction b) lateral and medial rotation c) extension and flexion d) protraction and retraction e) elevation and depression
extension and flexion
Tim ate something that is not agreeing with his digestive tract. He needs to go to the bathroom to defecate, but there is a line. What muscle helps keep the anal canal and anus closed? a) bulbospongious. b) ischiocavernosus c) obturator internus d) external anal sphincter e) sphincter urethrovaginalis
external anal sphincter
The ______ are the synergist muscles to the diaphragm during inspiration. a) external intercostals b) external obliques c) rectus abdominis d) internal intercostals e) internal obliques
external intercoastals
The diaphragm, a muscle involved with breathing, is innervated by the phrenic nerve, a major nerve of the thoracic spinal nerves. True False
false
Your friend nods "yes" to you, going through flexion, extension and hyperextension. This movement at the fulcrum represents a a) first- class lever system b) second- class lever system c) third-class lever system d) third-class lever system
first class
Your friend nods back and forth to you, making the yes motion. What lever system is being represented by this 'yes' motion? a) First-class lever b) Second-class lever c) Third-class lever
first class lever
A muscle that acts as a __________ stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover may act more efficiently.
fixator
A muscle that acts as a __________ stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover may act more efficiently. antagonist abductor fixator synergist agonist
fixator
This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more efficiently. a) synergist b) agonist c) antagonist d) fixator e) secondary mover
fixator
he brachioradialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii muscles combine to _____ the forearm. extend pronate flex supinate
flex
The elbow joint allows for which types of movement? abduction and adduction supination and pronation circumduction flexion and extension
flexion and extension
) Due to the muscle attachments, a fracture to the ischial tuberosity would affect what lower limb movement? a) adduction of the thigh b) dorsiflexion of the foot c) extension of the leg d) flexion of the leg e) abduction of the thigh
flexion of the leg
A woman complains of problems going up steps. Tests reveal hip extension weakness but no issues with hip flexion or knee flexion or extension. What muscle is most likely damaged? a) Adductor magnus b) Gluteus maximus c) Gluteus medius d) Semitendinosus e) Sartorius
gluteus maximus
Which of the following is not one of the quadriceps femoris group of muscles? 1. gracilis 2. sartorius 3. vastus medialis 4. vastus lateralis
gracilis and sartorius
Which of the following is NOT surrounded by the articular capsule of the elbow joint? head of the ulna proximal end of the ulna head of the radius distal end of the humerus
head of the ulna
Protrusion of an organ through a structure that normally contains it is referred to as a a) hernia. b) goiter. c) strain. d) sprain. e) hydrocele.
hernia
The elbow joint is a _______ synovial joint.
hinge
The elbow joint is a _______ synovial joint. pivot hinge ball-in-socket planar
hinge
The upper lip is raised by the 1. zygomaticus minor muscle. 2. levator labii superioris muscle. 3. depressor labii inferioris muscle 4. depressor anguli oris muscle.
levator labii superioris muscle.
The middle finger is the only finger that cannot be moved laterally by palmar interossei dorsal interossei lumbricals abductor digiti minimi
lumbricals
Which of the following is the strongest muscle of mastication?
masseter
Which of the following is the strongest muscle of mastication? buccinator masseter temporalis medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid
masseter
All of the following are functions of the levator ani except supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera. functions as a sphincter at the anorectal junction. moves the coccyx in female during childbirth. constricts the urethra sphincter.
moves the coccyx in female during childbirth.
The fascicles of the deltoid are _____; the fascicles of the pectoralis ______.
multipennate; triangular
Robert is training for a track race. He slightly tears his calcaneal tendon. The doctors prescribe P.R.I.C.E and give him medicine for inflammation and pain. Robert most likely has a a) muscle sprain b) muscle strain c) repetitive strain injuries d) plantar fasciitis e) compartment syndrome
muscle strain
This muscle, which is found in the neck, functions to elevate the hyoid bone and help press the tongue against the roof of the mouth during swallowing. a) mylohyoid b) sternothryroid c) sternocleidomastoid d) digastric e) masseter
mylohyoid
The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the _____; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the _____. a) origin, action b) insertion, action c) origin, insertion d) insertion, origin
origin, insertion
Muscles of the ____ assist in urination, defecation, erection of the penis or clitoris, and ejaculation. thorax abdomen perineum vertebral column none of these choices
perineum
The deep anterior forearm muscles insert on the __________. ulna phalanges metacarpals radius
phalanges
Exercise can produce a fashionable "six pack" of toned muscles. Which of the following muscles is involved in giving the appearance of this defined pack of muscles?
rectus abdominis
Exercise can produce a fashionable "six pack" of toned muscles. Which of the following muscles is involved in giving the appearance of this defined pack of muscles? external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis serratus anterior
rectus abdominis
Which of the following muscles have an insertion on the xiphoid process? 1. rectus abdominis 2. internal and external obliques 3. transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis
Which of these muscles flexes the thigh at the hip joint alone, but extends the knee working in a group? a) biceps femoris b) rectus femoris c) semitendinosus d) semimembranosus e) vastus lateralis
rectus femoris
Which of these muscles has fascicles parallel to the midline? a) external obliques b) transverse abdominis c) rectus femoris d) biceps femoris e) orbicularis oculi
rectus femoris
Which of the following muscles act to stabilize the scapula, and would also, when contracted, pull the shoulders back (like a soldier at attention)? 1. trapezius 2. levator scapulae 3. rhomboid major and minor
rhomboid major and minor
Which of the following muscles is known as the "tailor's muscle" because it helps you cross your legs so that you could sit with the heel of one limb resting on the knee of the other limb (in centuries past, sitting with crossed legs was the way tailor's, makers of clothing, would sit to do their sewing). sartorius gracilis adductor longus vastus intermedius semitendinosus
sartorius
When the biceps brachii contracts, the radius is pulled closer to the muscle, while the scapula remains still. Based on this information, the biceps brachii origin is [a]and the insertion is [b]. Answer options [a] and [b] Scapula Radius Ulna Clavicle Elbow joint
scapula radius
In a hiatus hernia, the stomach protrudes through which opening of the diaphragm? the caval opening the esophageal hiatus the mediastinum the aortic hiatus the inguinal hiatus
the esophageal hiatus
When the term rectus appears in the name of a muscle, it indicates that it is a relatively small muscle it is a relatively large muscle it is circular in shape it is flat in shape the muscle fascicles run parallel to the midline of the body
the muscle fascicles run parallel to the midline of the body
Which of the following is a muscle whose insertion is found on the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula within the pectoral girdle? a) trapezius b) pectoralis major c) latissimus dorsi d) gracilus e) sartorius
trapezius
Which of the following is a powerful elbow extensor? brachialis triceps brachii brachioradialis biceps brachii
triceps brachii
The ___________ extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna. radial collateral ligament trochlear notch annular ligament ulnar collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
Name the three groups of muscles constituting the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Briefly describe the structure and function of each of these groups.
1. Thenar: four muscles that act on the thumb and form the lateral rounded contour of the palm. 2. Hypothenar: three muscles that act on the little finger and form the medial rounded contour of the palm. 3. Intermediate: 12 muscles acting on all digits except the thumb; subgrouped as lumbricals, palmar interossei, and dorsal interossei, and located between metacarpals; needed for all phalangeal movements
Indicate which muscle shown in the figure below raises the eyelids A diagram of a person's face, showing bone, muscles, and skin. Muscles are labeled as follows. A: located directly on and just below the eyelid. B: located on the cheek next to the nose. C: located from the outer lip back toward the ear. D: located in the middle of the cheek, reaching from the lip to the ear. E: located over the eyeball. A B C D E
E
In extending the arm, the role of the triceps brachii is to act as the antagonist. T/F?
False
flexion and extension
The elbow joint allows for which types of movement?
The suprahyoid muscles are involved with swallowing (deglutition), while the infrahyoid muscles return the hyoid to its pre-swallowing position, and also act on the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) of the larynx in the production of speech. True False
True
True or False: Because they originate in fascia or the bones of the skull and insert into the skin, the muscles of facial expression move the skin rather than a joint when they contract.
True
The rhomboid major is named for what characteristics? Select all that apply. a) Size b) Shape c) Number of origins d) Sites of origins e) Location
a b
During inhalation, _____muscles contract to elevate the ribs. During forced exhalation, ______muscles contract to depress the ribs. a) external intercostals; internal intercostals b) transverse abdominis; diaphragm c) diaphragm ; transverse abdominis d) internal intercostals; external intercostals e) rectus abdominis; external obliques
a) external intercostals; internal intercostals
Which muscles help move the jaw during mastication? a) masseter, temporalis, pterygoid (medial and lateral) b) genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus c) omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid d) sternocleidomastoid, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis e) orbicularis oris, levator labii superioris, depressor labii inferioris
a) masseter, temporalis, pterygoid (medial and lateral)
Which muscle flexes the elbow joint and supinates the forearm? supinator brachioradialis brachialis biceps brachii
biceps brachii
This fleshy triangular muscle forms the shoulder muscle. serratus anterior pectoralis major deltoid biceps brachii
deltoid
Which of the following muscles is known as the "tailor's muscle" because it helps you cross your legs so that you could sit with the heel of one limb resting on the knee of the other limb (in centuries past, sitting with crossed legs was the way tailor's, makers of clothing, would sit to do their sewing). sartorius gracilis adductor longus vastus intermedius semitendinosus
sartorius
Muscles act on bones to produce movement. The bones act as levers and the joints act as __________.
the fulcrum
Muscles act on bones to produce movement. The bones act as levers and the joints act as __________. the load the resistance the fulcrum the force the effort
the fulcrum
The lateral (fibular) compartment of the leg contains two muscles that plantar flex and evert the foot: the fibularis (peroneus) longus and the fibularis (peroneus) brevis. True False
true
The muscles of facial expression insert onto the skin, so when they contract, they move skin rather than a joint. True False
true
Which list includes muscles that are responsible for facial expressions?
zygomaticus major, risorius, platysma
Which list includes muscles that are responsible for facial expressions? deltoid, pectoralis major, serratus anterior rectus abdominis, internal oblique, transversus abdominis serratus anterior, external intercostals, internal intercostals levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, subscapularis zygomaticus major, risorius, platysma
zygomaticus major, risorius, platysma