Anatomy 260 WCU Week one

Which of the following cells play a role in initiating immune responses to pathogens that invade the skin?

Langerhans cells

Why would you suspect that neural injuries are more serious than skin injuries?

Most neural cells cannot divide and replace cells that have been lost.

The secretions of the mammary glands are released by breakdown of the superficial portion of the epithelial cells. What type of secretion is this?

apocrine secretion

Which of the following is NOT a reasonable function for adipose (fat) tissue?

being able to contract to produce movement

If you know that the term lyse means "to tear or split," then you can surmise that the lysosome inside a cell would likely __________.

break down damaged cell structures or destroy pathogens

The upper limb includes which of the following?

carpus, brachium, manus

If we were to dissect a tissue such as the stomach lining, we would find it is made up of multiple __________.

cells

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________.

chromatids

The Golgi apparatus comprises a number of flattened discs called cisternae that progress from the _____ face to the ______ face.

cis; trans

The strongest and most abundant protein fibers in connective tissue proper are _____ fibers.

collagen

Bone, blood, and cartilage tissue are grouped into which of the following tissue types?

connective tissue

Connective tissue is different than epithelial tissue because connective tissue _____.

contains cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix

Before mitosis is complete, the parent cell begins to physically split through the formation of a cleavage furrow. This process, which ultimately results in the creation of two new daughter cells, is known as ______________.

cytokinesis

The dermis of the skin needs to have a number of features, including flexibility, elastic recoil, blood flow, and sensation. Fibers in this area run in different directions so that stress can be handled in many directions. What kind of tissue best fits this description?

dense irregular connective tissue

fixed macrophages

engulf pathogens and damaged cells

You go to a salon to get a manicure. When the manicurist works on your cuticles, what part of your nail anatomy is being worked on?

eponychium

What is redness of the skin called?

erythrema

In eccrine secretion, gland cells release their products through _____.

exocytosis

When solutes do not diffuse easily across the plasmalemma on their own, cells can increase the rate of movement by incorporating carrier proteins into the plasmalemma. Movement down a concentration gradient through these carrier proteins is known as __________.

facilitated diffusion

In connective tissues, which of the following produce collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers?

fibroblasts

Which of the following cells replace the collagen that is damaged in a skin injury?

fibroblasts

Many of the structures found in the dermis are formed by an invagination, or infolding, of the epidermis. Which of the following structures are formed by the infolding of epidermal tissue?

glands, nails, hair follicles

Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.

goggle image

The clear, colorless fluid that surrounds cells and protein fibers in connective tissues is called _____.

ground substance

The layer directly below the skin, called the hypodermis, __________.

is often the site of subcutaneous injections of drugs

Which of the following substances would be LEAST able to cross the plasmalemma through simple diffusion?

large water-soluble molecules (e.g., glucose)

In which of the following locations are you UNLIKELY to find a serous membrane?

lining the nasal passages

One difference between macroscopic and microscopic anatomy would be that __________.

macroscopic anatomy would include a study of a whole organ system, while microscopic anatomy would include a study of just one tissue of one organ of the system

Hank is a 25-year-old man and is noticing that the terminal hairs on his head are being replaced by vellus hairs. What event is taking place?

male-pattern baldness

Rebecca is having an allergic reaction to a bee sting. The area around the sting is becoming red and inflamed. There are high amounts of histamine and heparin accumulating in the area. What kind of connective tissue cell would you expect to be responsible for these reactions?

mast cell

Which of the following pigments do you think is responsible for giving people a deeply tanned look after they've been lying out in the sun?

melanin

Which of the following are NOT correctly matched?

mentis: nose

What are the specific glands referenced in this clinical case?

merocrine sweat glands

What is the name of the sweat glands involved in thermoregulation?

merocrine sweat glands

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?

metaphase

The terms sarcolemma and sarcoplasm are used in referring to __________ tissue.

muscle

What kind of tissue would be best relied upon to send an electrical message to the brain signaling pain in the foot?

nervous tissue

If Jennifer is studying the functional relationship between the heart, arteries, veins and blood, then she is studying anatomy at the __________ level of organization.

organ-system

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid?

phosphate heads of phospholipids

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane?

phospholipids

In the anatomical position, the _____.

plantar region is inferior to the tarsus

If Robin contracts a bacterial infection, which of the following cells would you expect to find in high numbers? Hint: These cells also produce antibodies that bind to the invasive bacteria.

plasmocytes

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

production of digestive enzymes

Before a newly synthesized protein reaches the Golgi apparatus, it may be modified at the __________. -centrioles -rough endoplasmic reticulum -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -mitochondria

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane?

semipermeable

The kind of muscle that raises the hairs on your arm is __________ muscle.

smooth muscle

Which of the following is NOT a function of sweat production?

stimulation of hormone production

One of John's symptoms included an increase in the thickness of the skin. In which layer of the skin would you expect to see the greatest increase in thickness?

stratum corneum

Cytology is the term given to describe __________.

study of cells

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?

telophase

If the respiratory system contains a mucous membrane for mucus production, and the skin contains a cutaneous membrane, then where could you find a serous membrane?

the peritoneal lining of the abdomen

John is looking at a skin sample in the microscope. He observes oil glands, blood vessels, hairs, and smooth muscles. Which part of the skin is he looking at?

the reticular layer of the dermis

Why would the fingertips have easily visible epidermal ridges?

to give a better grasp on objects

Drag and drop the different types of membrane transport into their categories.

Passive Processes- Facilitated diffusion, Diffusion, Osmosis Active Processes- Transport by the sodium-potassium exchange pump, Endocytosis, Exocytosis

Which of the following is NOT part of the trunk?

cephalon

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane?

forming the entire glycocalyx

Which of the following is NOT associated with a hair follicle?

merocrine sweat glands

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?

prophase

If you take a course that studies only the digestive system, then what form of anatomy are you investigating?

systemic anatomy

Osmosis involves the diffusion of __________.

water from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration

Which structure secretes oil to prevent drying of the skin?

4

Part complete Which of the following is FALSE concerning the subcutaneous layer?

It contains large volumes of elastic cartilage.

Many of the vesicles leaving the Golgi apparatus fuse with the plasma membrane, expanding the overall surface area of the cell. What process balances this expansion by reducing the cell's surface area?

Endocytosis

The secretory function of the Golgi apparatus operates through which of the following processes?

Exocytosis

Drag the correct label to the appropriate structure of the epithelial cells.

Goggle image

Drag the images to the correct label to identify the correct types of epithelium.

Google image

Label the diagram below by dragging and dropping the descriptions. Each label will be used only once.

Google image

Which of the following is true regarding hairs?

Hairs are not living structures.

Oil is released from sebaceous glands through the death and disintegration of the most superficial layer of cells. This process is known as ___________.

Holocrine secretion

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place?

Interphase

Which of the following is not part of mitosis?

Interphase

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the plasmalemma?

It allows all substances in the extracellular space to flow freely into the intracellular cytosol.

Which of the following is true?

The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium.

Which of the following changes is NOT a normal part of aging?

The connective tissues of the body become thicker and sturdier.

Which of the following correctly describes the layers of the dermis?

The reticular layer gives skin its strength and toughness.

Your mother probably told you when you were young, "Don't pick your scabs." Which of the following reasons is the scientific basis for such a statement?

The scab is the blood clot used to seal the wound, and removing it will reopen the wound and cause you to bleed again.

Which of the following layers of the epidermis is described INCORRECTLY?

The stratum basale contains abundant keratinocytes.

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart?

anaphase

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

All cells in the human body are capable of reproducing themselves.

Both can move materials against the concentration gradient, and both require energy. -They are the primary components of the cytoskeleton. -They are used to change a cell's shape. -They form the spindle apparatus needed to move chromosomes during mitosis. -All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following reasons describes why body cells need to undergo mitosis? -Body cells may suffer injury and require replacement. -Body cells must divide in order for the body to grow to maturity. -Body cells age and must be replaced. -All of the listed responses are reasons body cells need to undergo mitosis.

All of the listed responses are reasons body cells need to undergo mitosis.

As we age, which of the following things happens to our integumentary systems?

All of these events occur as we age.

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?

Cytokinesis

When DNA first condenses during prophase, each chromosome comprises two sister chromatids, which are attached to each other at the centromere. During which phase of mitosis do these sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase

Which of the following is true of both active transport and endocytosis?

Both can move materials against the concentration gradient, and both require energy.

How are osmosis and diffusion different from each other? -Osmosis takes place in plants, whereas diffusion occurs in animals. -Osmosis deals with the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. -Osmosis deals with the movement of water from low concentration to high concentration, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes. -Osmosis deals with the movement of solutes from high concentration to low concentration, and diffusion deals with the movement of water.

Osmosis deals with the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

When cells go through mitosis, there must be enough DNA for each daughter cell to receive a complete set of genetic information. During what part of a cell's life cycle is this extra genetic material made?

S phase of interphase

Why is some level of UV exposure necessary for skin cells?

Skin cells need some sunlight in order to produce vitamin D.

What do the terms striated and voluntary mean?

Striated refers to a banded appearance, and voluntary means the fiber won't contract unless stimulated by neurons.