anatomy 3
T/F bones from in diameter by appositional growth
true
T/F hypercalcemia is rare but hypocalcemia can result from a variety of causes
true
T/F osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature called kyphosis
true
T/F parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts
true
____ are not facial bones a. parietal bones b. maxillae c. lacrimal bones d. nasal bones e. palatine bones
a
an exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is a. lordosis b. kyphosis c. scoliosis d. spina bifida e. herniated disk
a
how does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis a. lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin d production and decreases calcium absorption b. immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair c. excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss d. calcium ions released from the bones are excreted e. decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease
a
intramembranous ossification a. forms the bone of the roof of the skull b. is the process that produces most of the skeletal system c. occurs when bones develop from cartilage models d. occurs when osteoblasts invade the space left by dying cartilage cells e. occurs on the outer surface of the membrane
a
parathyroid hormone and calcitriol: a- bind to osteoblasts, stimulating them to secrete RANKL, which increases the osteoclast population promoting resorption of bone and releasing calcium into the blood b. stimulate osteoblasts to deposit bone by producing calcified matrix c. stimulate osteoblasts to resorb bone and lower blood calcium levels d. stimulate osteoclasts to move calcium from the blood and into the bone e. directly bind to osteoclasts stimulating them to resorb bone and increase blood calcium levels
a
the term dipole refers to the ____ a. internal later of the song bone in flat bones b. bone that is replaced by cartilage c. double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone d. two types of marrow found within most bones e. activity of osteoclasts during bone development
a
there are two of each of the following bones except for the unpaired a. ethmoid boens b. parietal bones c. maxilla d. zygomatic bones e. palatine bones
a
when blood calcium levels are low a. osteoclast activity increases b. calcitonin secretion increases c. calcium absorption is reduced d. bones produce more bone tissue e. osteoblast activity increases
a
which of the following bones is a facial bone a. maxilla b. incus c. hyoid d. ethmoid e. sphenoid
a
which of the following is correctly matched a. short bone- carpal bone b. long bone- vertebra c. irregular bone- femur d. flat bone- phalanges of the toes e. short bone- humerus
a
which of the following parts of a rib articulates with the body of a vertebra a. head b. neck c. body d. groove e. sternal end
a
osteoclast have projections that participate in bone reabsorption called a. canaliculi b. lacunae c. ruffled d. lamellae e. crossroads
abcde
which of the following is associated with osteoclast reabsorption of bone a. hydrogen and chloride ions form an acid environment in bone matrix b. osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycan c. the protein components of bone matrix are synthesized d. calcium is actively transported from blood to bone matrix e. blood calcium is decreased
abcde
which of the following is correctly matched? a. osteocytes- function in bone remodeling b. osteoclasts- responsible for reabsorption c. osteoblasts- break down bone tissue d. endosteum- lines central canal of the osteon e. periosteum0 lines the medullary cavity
abcde
a connective tissue sheath around bone is the a. endosteum b. periosteum c. perichondrium d. epiphyseal line e. ligament
b
a fracture in which the ends of a broken bone are out of their normal position is called a ______ fracture a. linear b. displaced c. comminuted d. greenstick e. compound
b
brittle bone disorder is another name for a. osteoporosis b. osteogenesis imperfecta c. osteomalacia d. rickets e. osteomyelitis
b
chondroblast produce a. ligaments b. cartilage matrix c. bone tissue d. blood cells e. synovial fluid
b
in appositional growth of cartilage a. chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside b. new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue c. osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts d. the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow e. the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue
b
the ____ houses the pituitary gland (hypophysis) and is found in the ____ a. foramen magnum, occipital bone b. sella turcica, sphenoid bone c. lambdoid suture, parietal bones d. supraobrbital margin, frontal bone e. occipital condyle, occipital bone
b
the longest growth of long bone ceases when a. chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts b. the epiphyseal plate is completed replaced with bone tissue c. the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis d. the bone marrow forms e. the periosteum is completed
b
this condition with an exaggerated thoracic curvature is also known as hunchback a. lordosis b. kyphosis c. scoliosis d. spina bifida e. herniated disk
b
what is a sesamoid bone a. a bone growing within some cartilages in response to pressure b. a bone that forms within some tendons in response to stress c. a bone that forms in the cranium in response to trauma d. a bone made of hyaline cartilage e. a bone made of dense regular connective tissue
b
why does an adult not have as many bones as a child a. because osteoporosis leads to bone loss with age b. because separate ones gradually fuse with age c. because many bones are replaced by cartilage with age d. because bones are reabsorbed with age e. because osteoclast activity overcomes osteoblast activity with age
b
which of the following bones is paired a. vomer b. temporal c. sphenoid d. mandible e. maxilla
be
Wolff's law is concerned with a. lateral growth of bones b. vertical growth of bones being dependent on age c. the thickness and spa of a bone being dependent on stress played upon it d. the function of bone being dependent on shape e. the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts
c
a passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a a. central canal b. lamella c. canaliculus d. lacuna e. osteocanal
c
a x-ray determines that peter fractures the shaft of his humerus. the break is in the ____ of the bone a. epiphysis b. epiphyseal line c. diaphysis d. growth plate e. articular surface
c
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a. lordosis b. kyphosis c. scoliosis d. spina bifida e. herniated disk
c
failure of the palatine processes of the maxilla to fuse properly during development results in a a. cleft lip b. cleft chin c. cleft palate d. deviated septum e. clogged sinus
c
haversian systems of osteons a. are found in spongy bone tissue b. lack concentric lamellae c. are the basic units in compact bone tissue d. do not contain osteocytes e. are avascular
c
osteomalacia is a. bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection b. a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion c
c
spongy bone tissue a. is very dense b. contains concentric lamellae c. contains interconnecting plates called trabecular d. has many spaces and lacks osteocytes e. is the primary component of compact bone
c
the appendicular skeleton consists of the a. skull and appendages b. rib cages and the pelvis c. limbs and their girdles d. rib cage and limb girdles e. vertebral column
c
the modular cavity is a. empty in adult bones b. the site where osteoblasts are found c. lined with endosteum d. filled with fibrocartilage and elastin fibers e. dead space in the bone
c
the type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is a. elastic cartilage b. fibrocartilage c. hyaline cartilage d. interstital cartilage e. osteocartilage
c
the type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is a. elastic cartilage b. fibrocartilage c. hyaline cartilage d. interstitial cartilage e. osteocartilage
c
which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) a. promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys b. stimulate osteoclast activity c. lower blood calcium d. promote calcitriol synthesis e. inhibit osteoblast activity
c
a hole through a bone that usually allows passage for nerves and blood vessels is called a a. canal b. alveolus c. fissure d. foramen e. sinus
d
the average number of bones in the adult skeleton is a. 56 b. 106 c. 156 d. 206 e. 256
d
the cell type that is responsible for painting bone once it has been formed is the a. osteoclast b. ostoblast c. chondrocyte d. osteocyte e. chondroblast
d
the stem cells of osteoclasts are a. osteocytes b. osteoclastal progenitor cells c. chondrocytes d. monocytres e. osteochondral progenitor cells
d
vertebrae are divided into five groups, usually with _____ cervical, ____thoracic, ____ lumbar, ____ sacral, and ____ coccygeal a. 12,7,5,5,4 b. 12,5,5,12,4 c. 7,5,5,12,4 d. 7,12,5,5,4 e. 7,5,5,4,12
d
what condition is the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse a. lordosis b. kyphosis c. scoliosis d. spina bifidia e. herniated disk
d
the zones found in an epiphyseal plate are listed below a. calcified cartilage b. hypertrophic cartilage c. ossification d. resting cartilage e. proliferating cartilage what is the correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward he diaphysis
d-e-b-a-c
bone remodeling make occur a. as bones grow b. as bones adjust to stress c. as fractures heal d. constantly during a person's lifetime e. all of these choices are correct
e
the connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the a. matrix b. condrocyte c. ligamentous cord c. lacuna e. perichondrium
e
the foramen magnum is a large opening in the base of the skull for the a. optic nerve b. carotid arteries c. internal jugular veins d. facial and vestibulocochlear nerves e. spinal cord
e
what is the site of long bone growth a. medullary cavity b. periosteum c. endosteum d. diaphysis e. epiphyseal plate
e
what results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus a. lordosis b. kyphosis c. scoliosis d. spina bifida e. herniated disk
e
which of the following bones is attached to the skull by only muscles and ligaments a. ethmoid b. frontal c. sphenoid d. vomer e. hyoid
e
which of the following is not an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) a. increased calcium uptake by the small intestine b. increased vitamin d formation in the kidneys c. increased calcium reabsorption by the kidneys d. decreased calcium loss by the kidneys e. all of these are effects of PTH
e
T/F closed reduction is the realignment of the parts of a broken bone involving surgery
false
T/F concentric lamellae are connected with each other lacunae
false
T/F intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults
false
T/F osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differential into osteoblasts and osteoclasts
false
T/F osteomalacia results in bone brittleness
false
T/F the femur (thighbone) is an irregular bone
false