anatomy & physiology 1: chapter 12 & 13

the outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the _____.

epineurium module 12.5 practice 1

_______ - provides longitudinal support to spinal cord

filum terminale module 12.2

_______- slender, stand of fibrous tissue extending from inferior tip of conus medullaris to second sacral vertebrae

filum terminale module 12.2

the ______ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament.

filum terminale module 12.2 practice 3

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the _____.

fourth module 13.2 practice 9

the postganglionic fibers that connect an sympathetic ganglion and carry fibers that innervate glands and smooth muscle of the body wall or limbs are the ______ communicantes.

gray ramus module 12.6 practice 6

amount of gray matter _____ in spinal cord segments dedicated to sensory and motor control of the limbs.

greatest module 12.2

each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through a(n) _____.

interventricular foramen module 13.2 practice 7

_____ enlargement supplies nerves to the pelvis and lower limbs.

lumbar module 12.2

the ventral rami form four major plexuses, list them:

lumbar plexus sacral plexus cervical plexus brachial plexus module 12.7 practice 6

the layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the ______.

perineurium module 12.5 practice 3

the nerve crucial for breathing that originates within the cervical plexus is called the _____ nerve.

phrenic module 12.7 practice 3

the _____ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.

phrenic module 12.7 practice 5

the complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n) _____.

plexus module 12.7 module 4

the tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem are located in the _____.

pons module 13.2 practice #4

anterior _____ _____ * deep groove along anterior surface

median fissure module 12.2 cross-sectional features

posterior ______ _____ * shallow, longitudinal groove on the posterior surface

median sulcus module 12.2 cross-sectional features

autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the _______.

medulla oblongata module 13.2 practice 5

the specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the spinal _____.

meninges module 12.3

The cerebellum and pons develop from the _____.

metencephalon Module 13.1 Practice #3

Reflexes controlled by the spinal cord involve _____ output over spinal nerves to effectors.

motor module 12.1 Practice #1

the ventral root of a spinal nerve contains axons of _____ neurons.

motor module 12.6 practice 3

_____- rapid, automatic response triggered by specific stimuli.

reflex module 12.1

a complex, interwoven network of nerves is called a _____ _____.

nerve plexus module 12.7 practice 2

blood vessels traveling within spinal meninges deliver _____ and _____ to the spinal cord.

oxygen and nutrients. module 12.3

as the _____ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.

sciatic module 12.8 practice 3

the dorsal root ganglia mainly contain cell bodies of _____ neurons.

sensory module 12.2 practice 1

the thin partitian that separates the lateral ventricles is the ______.

septum pellucidum module 13.2 practice 6

in the condition ______, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes.

shingles module 12.5 practice 5

the adult spinal cord is _____ than the vertebral column. ends between _____ and _____.

shorter L1 and L2 module 12.2

a dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a _____ nerve.

spinal module 12.6 practice 4

_____- reflexes controlled in the spinal cord

spinal reflexes module 12.1

what contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?

subarachnoid space module 13.3 practice 6

samples of the CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the _____.

subarachnoid space. module 12.3

narrow, _____ space separates dura mater from deeper arachnoid mater.

subdural module 12.3

cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the __________ sinus.

superior sagittal module 13.3 practice 10

During embryonic development, what secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

telencephalon module 13.1 practice #6

sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the _____.

thalamus module 13.2 practice 3

of the spinal meninges, the middle one is the _____ mater.

arachnoid module 12.3

the cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillaries cells are the _______.

astrocytes module 13.3 practice 2

the neural tissue is isolated from the general circulation by the _______.

blood-brain barrier module 13.3 practice 11

the ventral rami of spinal nerves C4 to T1 contribute fibers to the _____ plexus.

brachial module 12.8 practice 2

the _____ plexus supplies innervation to the diaphragm.

cervical module 12.7 practice 1

________ - tapered, cone-shaped part of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement.

conus medullaris module 12.2

maximum width of an adult spinal cord.

14mm or 0.55 in module 12.2

spinal cord is divided into _____ segments.

31 module 12.2

adult spinal cord is about _____cm or _____ in long.

45 cm or 18 in module 12.2

the choroid plexuses produces CSF at a rate of about _____ mL per day.

500 module 13.3 practice 13

there are _____ cervical spinal nerves, _____ thoracic spinal nerves, _____ lumbar nerves, and _____ coccygeal spinal nerve.

8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 1 coccygeal module 12.2 practice 7

the 31 segments of the spinal cord include: _____ cervical _____ thoracic _____ lumbar _____ sacral _____ coccygeal

8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal module 12.2

The adult human brain contains almost _____% of the body's neural tissue.

97 Module 13.1 Practice #4

which part of the spinal cord is named after its resemblance to a horse's tail?

cauda equina module 12.2

_______- collection of dorsal and central roots of spinal segments L2 to S5 along with filum terminale.

cauda equina module 12.2

The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the _____.

cerebral aqueduct module 13.2 practice #8

List the main divisions of the adult brain:

cerebrum cerebellum diencephalon pons medulla oblongata midbrain Module 13.1 Practice #1

_____ enlargement supplies nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs.

cervical module 12.2

The _____ lies between the cerebrum and brain stem.

diencephalon Module 13.1 Practice #2

the _____ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back.

dorsal ramus module 12.6 practice 8

____ mater: *outermost covering of the spinal cord *tough and fibrous *contains dense collagen fibers oriented along longitudinal axis of the spinal cord

dura module 12.3

the three spinal meninges layers:

dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater module 12.3

the layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the ______.

dura mater. module 12.3

the tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the _____.

dura mater. module 12.3

the dural sinuses are located in the ______ folds

dural module 13.3 practice 3

the layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the _____.

endoneurium module 12.5 practice 4

specialized ______ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.

ependymal module 13.3 practice 12

cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by ______ cells.

ependymal module 13.3 practice 7

_____ space: *between dura mater and walls of vertebral canal *contains areolar tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue

epidural module 12.3

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the _____.

hypothalamus module 13.2 Practice 1

Male brains are typically _____ compared to female brains.

larger module 13.1 practice 5

absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the _____ circulation.

venous module 13.3 practice 8

suppose that you feel something brushing against your abdomen. the sensory information would be carried to the spinal cord over a _____ ramus.

ventral module 12.6 practice 12

the ______ innervate(s) the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.

ventral ramus module 12.6 practice 9

_____ are chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.

ventricles module 13.2 practice 2

the preganglionic fibers that carry visceral motor fibers and connect a spinal nerve with an sympathetic ganglion for the _____ communicantes.

white ramus module 12.6 practice 5

spinal reflexes can function _____ input from the brain.

without module 12.1