Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 12

The thymus is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label B

Blood capillaries are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label E

Match the following biological function with its antibody class: Cell that produces huge numbers of the same antibody (immunoglobulin)

Plasma cell

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue: Located in the wall of the small intestines

Peyer's patches

The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called ________. A) tonsils B) appendix C) Peyer's patches D) thymus tissues E) intestinal nodes

Peyer's patches

Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________. A) cytosol B) cerebrospinal fluid C) saliva D) tears E) blood

blood

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is ________. A) phagocytes B) natural killer cells C) skin and mucous membranes D) inflammatory response E) fever

skin and mucous membranes

Vaccines are NOT for ________. A) pneumonia B) tetanus C) measles D) snake bites E) polio

snake bites

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue: Filters and cleanses the blood of bacteria, viruses, and other debris

spleen

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue: Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity

spleen

What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir? A) thymus B) spleen C) appendix D) tonsils E) Peyer's patches

spleen

Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat? A) axillary lymph nodes B) cervical lymph nodes C) tonsils D) Peyer's patches E) thymus gland

tonsils

B cells develop immunocompetence in the ________. A) thymus gland B) bone marrow C) spleen D) thyroid gland E) lymph nodes

bone marrow

Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________. A) naturally acquired active immunity B) artificially acquired active immunity C) naturally acquired passive immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) passively acquired natural immunity

naturally acquired active immunity

Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response? A) pollen grains B) bacteria C) self-antigens D) fungi E) virus particles

self-antigens

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver? A) tonsils B) spleen C) thymus gland D) appendix E) Peyer's patches

spleen

The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) dilate blood vessels B) attract phagocytes to the area C) stimulate release of lysozyme D) cause capillaries to become leaky E) activate pain receptors

stimulate release of lysozyme

Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes? A) IgA B) IgB C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE

IgB

The thymus is most active during ________. A) infancy B) adolescence C) middle age D) old age E) the entire lifetime

adolescence

What structure carries lymph into a lymph node? A) trabeculae B) afferent lymphatic vessel C) follicles D) efferent lymphatic vessel E) germinal center

afferent lymphatic vessel

Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped? A) opsonization B) agglutination C) neutralization D) precipitation E) phagocytosis

agglutination

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses? A) intact skin B) antibody production C) the inflammatory response D) fever E) natural killer cells

antibody production

Match the following terms with the correct description: Any substance capable of provoking an immune response

antigen

The major role of ________ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments. A) helper T B) antigen-presenting C) cytotoxic T D) killer

antigen-presenting

Which portion of the antibody's structure determines the antibody's class? A) variable region B) heavy chain C) constant region D) disulfide bonds E) light chain

constant region

Match the following terms with the correct description: Chemical released by macrophages and dendritic cells to activate many other immune cells

cytokines

Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called ________. A) cytotoxic T cells B) regulatory T cells C) antigen-presenting cells D) helper T cells

cytotoxic T cells

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to ________. A) immediate hypersensitivity B) acute hypersensitivity C) delayed hypersensitivity D) anaphylactic shock E) immunodeficiency

delayed hypersensitivity

A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called ________. A) glomerulonephritis B) elephantiasis C) appendicitis D) allergic contact dermatitis

elephantiasis

Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ________. A) haptens B) antibodies C) pyrogens D) interferons

haptens

The study of immunity is called ________. A) histology B) anatomy C) pathology D) immunology E) microbiology

immunology

The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label A

Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label C

The spleen is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label C

Match the following terms with the correct description: Protein secreted by activated B cells in response to an antigen

antibody

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________. A) lymph nodes B) tonsils C) the spleen D) thymus

lymph nodes

The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by ________. A) lymphocytes B) antigens C) mucous membranes D) pathogens

lymphocytes

Antigen-presenting cells behave as ________. A) interferons B) pyrogens C) macrophages D) natural killer cells E) complement

macrophages

Match the following terms with the correct description: Chemical released by natural killer cells to cause cell lysis

perforins

Lymphocytes are trained to be self-tolerant of ________. A) fungi B) foreign blood cells C) the body's own cells D) viruses E) bacteria

the body's own cells

Where is the thymus located? A) pharynx B) beneath sternum overlying heart C) armpits, groin, and neck D) small intestine E) left side of abdominopelvic cavity

beneath sternum overlying heart

Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________. A) intracellular fluid B) blood vascular system C) endocrine system D) respiratory system

blood vascular system

Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ________. A) interferon B) complement fixation C) natural killer cells D) keratin E) phagocytes

complement fixation

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________. A) cellular immunity (cellular-mediated immunity) B) complement fixation C) positive chemotaxis D) diapedesis

complement fixation

Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________. A) stroke B) shock C) edema D) MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)

edema

Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease? A) AIDS B) multiple sclerosis C) Graves' disease D) type I diabetes mellitus E) rheumatoid arthritis

AIDS

The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat. A) thymus B) spleen C) tonsils D) lymph node

tonsils

The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the ________ region. A) regional or R B) variable or V C) constant or C D) stable or S

variable or V

Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as ________. A) xenografts B) autografts C) allografts D) isografts

xenografts

Match the following biological function with its antibody class: Engulfs and presents parts of antigens on the membrane for recognition by T cells bearing receptors for the same antigen

Antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Match the following biological function with its antibody class: Slows or stops B and T cell activity once infection has been conquered

Regulatory T cell

Small proteins known as ________ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected. A) haptens B) pyrogens C) interferons D) antigens

interferons

What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells? A) membrane-attack complexes (MAC) B) keratin C) interferons D) pyrogens E) complement

interferons

The adaptive (specific) defense system ________. A) is an innate defense B) issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances C) includes the skin and mucous membranes D) is the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens E) provides mechanical barriers to the body

issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue: Located overlying the heart

thymus gland

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________. A) vaccines B) serum C) antivenom D) antitoxin

vaccines

The lymph duct is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label A

What does fever accomplish? A) Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process. B) Fever promotes cell lysis by direct cell attack. C) Fever enables macrophages to attack microorganisms. D) Fever prevents the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues. E) Fever prevents the formation of complement fixation.

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process

The tonsils are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label A

A lymph node is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label B

The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label C

A lymph capillary is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label D

The Peyer's patches are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label D

Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________. A) lymph nodes B) MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue C) germinal centers D) lymphatics

MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity? A) Plasma cells reproduce rapidly to crowd pathogens out of the blood. B) Plasma cells bind to viruses and bacteria to immobilize them. C) Plasma cells produce interferons. D) Plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies. E) Plasma cells secrete pyrogens.

Plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of ________. A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cells D) antigen-presenting cells E) antibodies

T cells

What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue? A) an autograft B) a graft from a recently deceased individuals C) a graft from another primate D) a xenograft E) an allograft

an autograft

Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________. A) myasthenia gravis B) rheumatic fever C) anaphylactic shock D) delayed hypersensitivity

anaphylactic shock

Humoral immunity is provided by ________. A) pyrogens B) skin and mucous membranes C) interferon D) antibodies E) complement fixation

antibodies

A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response. A) interferon B) antibody C) antigen D) pyrogen

antigen

Which of the following is often used to treat allergies? A) corticosteroids B) antihistamines C) blood transfusions D) bone marrow transplants E) immunosuppressor drugs

antihistamines

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response? A) redness B) heat C) swelling D) chills E) pain

chills

What is the chief way the body responds to antigens? A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation

complement fixation

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________. A) antigen-presenting cells B) plasma cells C) memory cells D) helper T cells

helper T cells

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens? A) helper T cells B) cytotoxic T cells C) regulatory T cells D) killer T cells E) suppressor T cells

helper T cells

Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be ________. A) clonal B) incompetent C) immune D) immunocompetent E) complemented

immunocompetent

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________. A) clones B) complement C) self-tolerant D) immunocompetent

immunocompetent

The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called ________. A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation

neutralization

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________. A) cellular or cell-mediated immunity B) active immunity C) natural immunity D) passive immunity

passive immunity

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called ________. A) macrophages B) antibodies C) pathogens D) allergens

pathogens

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________. A) neutralization B) complement fixation C) precipitation D) agglutination

precipitation

Match the following terms with the correct description: Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages to raise the body's temperature

pyrogen

The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the ________. A) right arm B) right leg C) left leg D) left side of the head E) right and left legs

right arm

The ________ duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax. A) brachiocephalic B) subclavian C) thoracic D) right lymphatic

right lymphatic

Match the following biological function with its antibody class: Progeny (clone members) of this cell form plasma cells and memory cells

B cell

Match the following biological function with its antibody class: Binds with a specific antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Helper T cell

Match the following biological function with its antibody class: Kills virus-infected cells, cancerous cells, and is involved in graft rejection

Cytotoxic T cell

Match the following biological function with its antibody class: May exist in the body for years and enable a quick response to subsequent meetings with the same antigen

Memory cell

Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies? A) The constant regions are the same or nearly the same on all antibodies. B) The constant regions form the "stem" of an antibody. C) The constant regions determine the specific type of antibody class formed. D) The constant regions form an antigen-binding site. E) The constant regions determine how an antibody class will carry out its immune role

The constant regions form an antigen-binding site

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________. A) fever B) dehydration C) edema D) acute inflammation

acute inflammation

The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist are determined by ________. A) individual exposure to the specific foreign substance B) individual genetic makeup C) the total number of lymphocytes present at a given time D) the total number of macrophages at a given time E) the total number of self-antigens at a given time

individual genetic makeup

Match the following terms with the correct description: Small protein that binds with receptors on healthy cells to promote protein synthesis and prevent viruses from binding

interferon

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ________. A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) diapedesis D) coagulation E) antibody production

diapedesis

IgE ________. A) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva B) is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy C) is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma D) can fix complement E) is involved in allergies

is involved in allergies

Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the ________. A) inferior vena cava B) left subclavian vein C) left external jugular vein D) left subclavian artery E) aorta

left subclavian vein

Match the following terms with the correct description: Sticky substance in the respiratory and digestive passageways that trap microorganisms

mucus

Chemotaxis is best described as ________. A) the movement of neutrophils through capillary walls B) the movement of cells along a chemical gradient C) the dilation of blood vessels D) the release of a lytic chemical by perforins E) the accumulation of excess fluids in tissue space

the movement of cells along a chemical gradient

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart? A) milking action of skeletal muscles B) pressure changes within the thorax C) the pumping action of the heart D) smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels E) presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels

the pumping action of the heart

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue: Located in the pharynx (throat)

tonsils

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue: Trap and remove bacteria and pathogens entering the throat

tonsils

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes the ________. A) spleen B) thymus C) tonsils only D) tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer's patches E) tonsils and spleen

tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer's patches

Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have? A) multiple sclerosis B) Graves' disease C) myasthenia gravis D) type I diabetes mellitus E) systemic lupus erythematosis

type I diabetes mellitus