Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1: The Sciences of Anatomy & Physiology
Lymphatic system
Participates in immune response
Respiratory system
Responsible for exchange of gases
Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process?
The control center is generally the nervous system or endocrine system. Negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check. These processes are dynamic. When homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs.
True or false: Sometimes a homeostatic imbalance occurs when a variable normally controlled by negative feedback is instead controlled by positive feedback.
True
True or false: Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback.
True Positive feedback is rare
Which term describes the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord?
anterior
The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of" is
anterior, ventral, or ante
Axillary refers to the ______.
armpit
At the chemical level, ______ are the smallest units of matter.
atoms
Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm.
breast
Mammary is to ______ as brachial is to arm.
breast
The anatomical term for heel is ______.
calcaneal
Superior means ______.
closer to the head
Frontal refers to the ______.
forehead
The anatomical term for forehead is .
frontal or frons
Physiologists examine the ______ of various organ systems.
function
The anatomical term for buttock is
gluteal or gluteus
An increase in body size is ______ and an increased specialization as related to form and function is ______.
growth; development
Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to _____.
hand
Manus refers to the _________
hand
Cephalic refers to the ______.
head
The axial region of the body includes the ______.
head and neck
What is the body's ability to maintain a consistent internal environment called?
homeostasis
The body's ability to maintain an average temperature of about 37°C regardless of the outside temperature is called
homeostasis or thermoregulation
The anatomical term for the hand is ______.
manus
The outermost layer of the pleural membrane is the
parietal pleura.
The anatomical term for chest is
pectoral, thoracic, or thorax
Calcaneal is to heel as _____ is to sole of the foot.
plantar
The fluid-filled area between the pleural layers is the
pleural cavity.
The anatomical term for the area posterior to the knee is _____.
popliteal
In terms of anatomic directional terms, the heart is considered ______ to the sternum.
posterior
Popliteal refers to the ______.
posterior aspect of the knee
Sacral refers to the ______.
posterior region between the hip bones
muscular system
produces body movement and heat
The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is ______.
pubic
The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the head" is ______.
superior
The anatomical terms for the calf area of the leg is
sural or crural
Cytology refers to ______.
the study of cells and their internal structures
The canal that contains the spinal cord is the __________ canal.
vertebral, spinal, or dorsal
The correct anatomical term for spinal column is _________ column.
vertebral, vertebrae, or vertebra
The _____ pericardium forms the heart's external surface.
visceral
On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ____________ region.
abdominal, umbilical, or hypogastric
Visualizing the body in the _________ position is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions.
anatomic or anatomical
Antecubital refers to the ______.
anterior aspect of the elbow
The smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element are called
atoms
The ______ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk.
axial
The term posterior means toward the ______ surface.
back
physiology
describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down
anatomy
describes the muscle layers in the wall of the small intestine
Cranial is to skull as auricular is to ______.
ear
Vertebral is to spinal column as olecranal is to ______.
elbow
The anatomical term for the back of the head is ______.
occipital
What is the anatomical term for the calf area?
Sural Reason: Gastrocnemius is the name of the muscle in the calf, but the anatomical term for the calf area is sural.
endocrine system
Secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in the blood Secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in the blood
Which is an accurate description of the anatomic position?
The eyes look forward, and the head is level.
True or false: Because the end result of a positive feedback mechanism is to increase the activity, positive feedback mechanisms are much more common than negative feedback mechanisms.
False
Urinary system
Filters the blood and removes waste from the blood
The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is ______.
antebrachial
The directional term that means "in front of" is
anterior
What is the correct anatomical term for "front" or "belly side?"
anterior
Microscopic anatomy examines structures that ______ be seen by the unaided eye.
cannot
The anatomical term for head is ______.
cephalic
Sternal is to sternum as pectoral is to ______.
chest
The anatomical term mental refers to the ______.
chin
nervous system
controls body movement and conducts impulses for internal communication
The anatomical term for hip is ______, whereas the anatomical term for wrist is ______.
coxal; carpal
The anatomical term for thigh is ______.
femoral
Digital refers to the ______.
fingers and toes
The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the feet" is ______.
inferior
The anatomical term describing the groin is ___________ region.
inguinal
Nasal refers to the ______.
nose
In a negative feedback process, the resulting action will always be in the ______ direction of the stimulus.
opposite
The anatomical term for eye is ______.
orbital
The outer serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called the
parietal peritoneum.
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best as described as ______.
positive feedback
integumentary system
provides protection, regulates body temperature, and prevents water loss
skeletal system
provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis
he component of homeostasis, called the ________________, is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is either the substance or process that is regulated.
receptor, sensor, or receptors
If you are cold and your body alters the circulation near the skin in order to conserve heat, what characteristic of life is this representing?
regulation
The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is ______.
sacral
A receptor typically consists of ______.
sensory neurons
Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to
shoulder
Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to ______.
shoulder
Organs of the cranial cavity include ______.
the brain only Reason: The spinal cord is in the vertebral cavity.
Femoral refers to the ______.
thigh
Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
transverse plane
The central point that is used when the abdomen is divided into four quadrants is the
umbilicus, naval, or navel
cardiovascular system
Moves blood containing hormones, nutrients and gases