Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 8 Practice
Hearing receptors are connected to the ______ by supporting cells.
Basilar membrane
Sound waves cause the ________ to vibrate first.
Basilar membrane
A person with total color blindness may lack ______.
Cones
What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?
Convergence
The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the _______.
Cornea
Which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?
Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
A form of vitamin A is a necessary component of the pigment found in the iris (T/F)
False
The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer, which is home to rods and cones. (T/F)
False
The internal (inner) ear functions in the sensation of hearing only. (T/F)
False
The movement of otoliths is involved in the sensation of dynamic equilibrium. (T/F)
False
The olfactory receptors are responsible for detecting taste sensation (T/F)
False
Unlike the sensation of taste, it is not necessary to have the chemicals associated with smells dissolved in body fluids. (T/F)
False
What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?
Fovea centralis
Which portion of the retina contains a concentration of cones?
Fovea centralis
Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged?
Fungiform papillae
Which disorder of the eye results from increased pressure due to buildup of aqueous humor?
Glaucoma
Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ______.
Movement of otoliths along hair cells
The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or _______
Myopia
The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the _______.
Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
Dynamic equilibrium is detected by receptor regions called _______.
Crista ampullaris
While spinning around on a carousel or carnival ride, the motion will be detected by receptors known as the ______.
Crista ampullaris
What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?
External acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain.
Optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
The age-related fusion of ear bones is known as _______.
Ostosclerosis
The bending of static equilibrium is caused by tiny stones called _______.
Otoliths
Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?
Retina
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
Retina
Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ______.
Smell
What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?
Accommodation
What function(s) is the inner ear involved in?
Both hearing and equilibrium
What are the three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain
Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
If the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti are damaged, what sense is impaired?
Hearing
What function(s) is the middle ear involved in?
Hearing only
What function(s) is the outer ear involved in?
Hearing only
Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?
Lacrimal
Tears from the lacrimal gland travel across the eye and drain first into the ______.
Lacrmal canaliculi
Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to ______.
Lemons
The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ______.
Lens
What separates the aqueous humor in the anterior segment from the vitreous humor in the posterior segment of the eye?
Lens
Where are photoreceptors cells located withing the eye?
Neural layer of the retina
What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?
Olfactory receptor
Fibers from the medial side of each eye crosses over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________.
Optic chiasma
The small, peg=like projections of the tongue's surface are called ______.
Papillae
What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering in the eye?
Pigmented layer
Mr. Evans learned at his appointment that he is a candidate for a cochlear implant. Given that he has a very difficult time hearing no matter how loud his family speaks to him, he has been diagnosed with _______.
Sensorineural deafness
The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision. (T/F)
True
The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes (T/F)
True
We cannot see iages formed on the optic disc (blind spot). (T/F)
True
Static equilibrium receptors are located in the vestibular apparatus branch called ________.
Vestibule
Which cranial nerve pairs transmit both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ______.
Vision
The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ______.
Vitreous humor (body)
An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (Pharyngotympanic) tube to the _______.
Middle ear
Mrs. Davis is looking forawrd to improved vision after lens replacement surgery. She was evaluated to have ______.
Cataracts
Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?
Color blindness
Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with _______.
Conduction deafness
The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the _______.
Conjunctiva
What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?
Gustatory cells
As a result of this vibration, ______ is/are bent.
Hair cells
Hearing receptors are called _______.
Hair cells
What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?
Hair cells
Mr. Green has been prescribed a pair of convex corrective lens; this outcome leads you to conclude he was diagnosed with __________.
Hyperopia
Static equilibrium is detected by receptors within membranous sacs called ______.
Maculae
The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as _________.
Malleus or hammer
Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next.
Malleus, incus, stapes
Where are the olfactory receptors located?
Nasal cavity
The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as ______.
Presbyopia
The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to __________.
Prevent light from scattering inside the eye.
What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?
Rods
Dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the vestibular apparatus branch called _______.
Semicircular canals
Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ______.
Semicircular canals
After years of working on loud construction sites, Erik experienced deafness in both ears. Determine what has been damaged.
Spiral organ of Corti
Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the
Spiral organ of Corti
The movements of otoliths and bending of hair cells in the inner ear contribute to our sense of ______.
Static equilibrium
Once stimulated, the hair cells of the spiral organ of Corti transmit impulses along the cochlear nerve, a branch of the cranial nerve VIII. (T/F)
True
THe pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat (T/F)
True
Tarsal glands situated between eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye. (T/F)
True
Taste bud cells are replaced every 7 to 10 days basal cells. (T/F)
True
The ability of the eye to focus on objects closer than 20 feet away is known as accommodation.
True
The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals (T/F)
True
The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached. (T/F)
True
Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ______.
Tympanic membrane
Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
What divides the outer ear from the middle ear?
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Place the following in order beginning with the first mechanical structure that helps transmit sound waves to the inner ear.
Tympanic membrane, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Oval window, Cochlea, Organ of Corti
What sign or symptom distinguishes Méniére's syndrome from sensorineural and conduction deafness?
Vertigo
Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.
Vestibule
The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer known as the ______ and a transparent portion known as the ________.
sclera; cornea
Which of the following does not refract light as it travels into the eye?
Choroid
The five taste sensations are ______.
Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
Which of the following correctly states the function of the tarsal glands?
Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye
Damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) will partially impair the sense of _________.
Taste
Hearing receptors are embedded in the _______.
Tectorial membrane
Following the visual pathway into the brain, where does the nerve impulse travel upon leaving the optic tracts?
Thalamus
When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced ______.
The photopupillary reflex
Which statement regarding the function of the pupil is correct?
The pupil regulates the amount of light entering the eye, so we can see as clearly as possible.
An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens (T/F)
True
Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles. (T/F)
True
Eye movements are controlled by abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves. (T/F)
True
In order to hear sound, vibration must pass from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles, and on to the oval window.
True