Anatomy & Physiology II, Ch 23 Digestion
The permanent dentition consists of __________ teeth in a full set
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Which of the following is the most common cause of peritonitis?
A burst appendix
Match the following: Ascites.
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Which of the following is false with regards to h. pylori?
Acid levels have nothing to do with an ulcer.
Match the following: Ileus.
All GI tract movement stops and the gut appears to be paralyzed
Match the following: NAFLD.
Become the most common liver disease in North America. It affects about 30% of the general population, but 70% of the obese.
Match the following substance involved in organic molecule digestion with its description: Salivary amylase
Begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
What substances from different organs would mix together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
Bile and pancreatic enzymes
Match the physiological quality of the structure at "A." Directed at (enamel)
Brittle and thick as a dime
Match the following substance involved in organic molecule digestion with its description: Sucrase, lactase, and maltase.
Brush border enzymes that act on disaccharides
Match the following Mumps in males
Carries a 25% risk of leading to sterility.
Match the following: Barrett's esophagus.
Change in the epithelium of the lower esophagus from stratified squamous to a columnar epithelium
Match the following digestive process with the correct description: Mechanical digestion
Chewing, mixing, churning, and segmenting food
__________ is not found in pancreatic secretions.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Match the physiological quality of the structure at "A." Directed at (cementum)
Covers the root of the tooth
Match the following: Dysphagia.
Difficulty swallowing
Match the following digestive process with the correct description: Chemical digestion.
Enzymatic degradation of foodstuffs into simpler molecules
Match the following: Hemochromatosis.
Excess iron is deposited in the tissues, increasing skin pigmentation and the risk of hepatic cancer and liver cirrhosis
Match the following part of a tooth with its description: Crown.
Exposed and covered in enamel
Match the following: Xerostomia.
Extreme dryness of the mouth
Identify the physiology associated with "A." arrow directed at (parotid gland)
First steps in chemical digestion as it beings the digestion of starches
Match the physiological quality of the structure at "E." Directed at (periodontal ligament)
Forms a gomphosis
Match the following part of a tooth with its description: Periodontal ligament
Forms the support of the gomphosis
alimentary canal is aka
Gastrointestinal (GI ) tract
Match the following: Bruxism.
Grinding or clenching of teeth
Which of the following products does the stomach produce?
HCl and intrinsic factor
__________ circulation collects nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it to the liver.
Hepatic portal
Match the following structure of the small intestine with its description: Contains the valve that connects to the large intestine.
Ileum
Which of the following is not a common cause of malabsorption?
Improper bowel habits (failing to heed the "call"), lack of exercise, or laxative abuse
Match the following hormone involved in gastric secretion with its description: CCK.
Increases the secretions of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice
Match the following: Enteritis.
Inflammation of the intestine
Match the following hormone involved in gastric secretion with its description: Secretin
Inhibits gastric gland secretions and stimulates the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice
Identify the physiology associated with "C." directed at (fundus)
Is integral in preventing pernicious anemia.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?
It contains a large number of bacteria.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the liver?
It has three lobes.
Which of the following statements about the mesentery is incorrect?
It is composed of a layer of serous membrane fused with a layer of mucus membrane. (composed to mesothelium & supported by connective tissue)
Identify the physiology associated with "D." Directed at (pancreas)
Its name means "all meat" because it breaks down all categories of food stuffs.
Which of the following is false with regards to jaundice?
Jaundice is always caused by liver disease.
Match the structure in or around the oral cavity with its description: Parotid gland
Large salivary gland lying near the ear
Match the following structure of the stomach with its description: Gastroesophageal sphincter.
Lies at superior end and regulates movement of food from the esophagus
Identify the physiology associated with "A." directed at (hard palate)
Lined with stratified squamous epithelia
Match the following: Portal hypertension.
Liver activity is depressed and the liver becomes fibrous with scar tissue.
Identify the physiology associated with "B." Directed at (upper esophageal sphincter)
Main site of nutrient absorption
Match the following term to its correct description: Mucosa.
Main site of nutrient absorption
Identify the physiology associated with "E." directed at (Gallbladder)
May be obstructed by crystallized cholesterol.
Identify the physiology associated with "C." directed at (esophagus)
May become ulcerated in a hiatal hernia.
Match the following: Pancreatitis.
May result from excessively high levels of fat in the blood or excessive alcohol ingestion, but most acute cases arise from gallstones that block the bile duct
Match the following structure of the small intestine with its description: Also known as the brush border.
Microvilli
Match the following term with its correct description: In direct contact with ingested food.
Mucosa
Which sequence below represents the correct layering of the wall of the GI tract, starting from the layer next to the lumen?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Periodontitis
Neutrophils and other immune cells attack body tissues, carving deep pockets around the teeth.
Match the following: Bulemia.
Overeating followed by purging
Which of the following cells produce HCl?
Parietal cells
Match the following digestive process with the correct description: Absorption.
Passage of digested materials from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph
__________ is the major means of propulsion in the digestive system.
Peristalsis
Match the digestive system cell with its correct characteristic: Paneth.
Produces lysozyme
Match the following term to its correct description: Serosa.
Protective outermost layer of the alimentary canal
What is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach?
Proteins
Match the following term to its correct description: Muscularis externa.
Responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
Caries (cavities)
Results from bacterial action that gradually demineralizes enamel.
what is segmentation?
Rhythmic local constrictions of the small intestine. mixes food with digestive juices and makes absorption more efficient.
Match the structure in or around the oral cavity with its description: Sublingual gland
Salivary gland below the tongue
Match the following term with its correct description: Same structure as the visceral peritoneum.
Serosa
Match the physiological quality of the structure at "A." Directed at (Dentinal tubules)
Shock absorber during biting
Match the following hormone involved in gastric secretion with its description: Gastrin.
Stimulated by partially digested proteins in the stomach and increases gastric gland secretions
Match the following hormone involved in gastric secretion with its description: GIP
Stimulates insulin secretions; released in response to presence of fatty chyme in the small intestine
Match the following hormone involved in gastric secretion with its description: GIP.
Stimulates insulin secretions; released in response to presence of fatty chyme in the small intestine
Identify the physiology associated with "D." arrow directed at (right lobe of liver)
Stores nutrients, makes bile and detoxifies.
Match the physiological quality of the structure at "C." Directed at (gums)
Surrounds the tooth like a collar
Match the following: Achalasia.
Swallowing is hindered or prevented
Gingivities
The gums are red, sore, swollen, and may bleed.
Match the following: Cirrhosis.
The last stage of progressive chronic inflammation of the liver.
Hepatitis
The most important infectious liver disease in the United States
Match the following: Hepatitis.
The most important infectious liver disease in the United States
GERD
This causes a burning, radiating substernal pain.
Identify the physiology associated with "E." arrow directed at (left splenic flexture)
When infected by C.difficile, a fecal transplant may be necessary.
Match the following: IBD.
a noncontagious, periodic inflammation of the intestinal wall now understood to be an abnormal immune and inflammatory response to bacterial antigens
Hollow muscular organs, like the stomach, that act as reservoirs exhibit __________.
accommodation
what two groups make up the digestive system
alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs
When whole proteins are absorbed and seen by the immune system, this may lead to which of the following conditions?
allergies
Identify the physiology associated with "B." arrow directed at (lingual frenulum)
ankyloglossia
submucosa
areolar connective tissue, rich supply of blood and lymphatic vessels
Identify the physiology associated with "F." Directed at (ileum)
cells divide and lead to n/v during chemotherapy
Some aspects of the __________ phase of gastric secretion may be considered conditioned reflexes.
cephalic
digest =
disolve
In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the __________
duodenum
In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the __________.
duodenum
The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine.
duodenum
what is digestion
enzymes secreteed into the lumen of alimentary cnaal break down food molecules to their chemical building blocks
Name one organ of the alimentary canal found in the thorax
esophagus
Halitosis is caused by
increased activity of anaerobic bacterial activity at the back of the tongue
steps of GI tract activities
ingestion -> mechanical breakdown -> propulsion -> digestion -> absorption -> defecation
describe mucosa
innermost layer, epithelial stratified in all but mouth anus, esophagus which is simple coloumnar, secrete mucous, digestive enzymes and hormones, absorb end products, protect against infection
Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?
intestines
Bacterial flora in the large intestine do not produce __________.
intrinsic factor
which of the following is false with regards to jaundice
jaundice is always caused by liver disease.
Identify the structure within the small intestine indicated by "D." Directed at (inner villus lymphatic vessel)
lacteal
Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the __________ of the small intestine.
microvilli
The final product of carbohydrate digestion is __________.
monosaccharides
What alimentary organs are retroperitoneal
most pancreas duodenum and parts of the large intestine.
what are the organs that make up the alimentary canal
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
myxovirus causes
mumps
The alimentary canal in a cadaver is longer than in a living person because, in a cadaver, there is no __________.
muscle tone
Pepsin enzymatically digests __________.
protein
Pepsin enzymatically digests __________________.
protein
muscularis externa
segmentation and peristalsis
Most water is absorbed in the __________.
small intestine
The major site for nutrient absorption is the __________.
small intestine
name three organs of the alimentary canal found in the abdominal cavity
small/large intestines and stomach
Ingestion
taking food into the digestive system
what are the organs that make up the accessory digestive organs
teeth, tongue, gallbladder, large digestive glands (located in salivary, liver, and pancrease
The increased concentration of HCO3− in blood draining from the stomach is called __________.
the alkaline tide
The short reflexes in the digestive system are mediated by __________.
the enteric nerve plexuses
The only stomach function that is essential to life is __________.
the secretion of intrinsic factor
During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________.
the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited
The serous membrane that covers the external surface of most digestive organs is called the __________.
visceral peritoneum
which of the following teeth are most commonly impacted
wisdom teeth