Anatomy block 4

Colle's Fracture

- Fracture of the radial styloid process; posterior displacement forces the process into the shaft - happens when someone falls onto their hand with an extended arm

Brachialis - function, location, innervation

- Function: FLEXION OF THE ELBOW JOINT - Location: deep to biceps brachii - Innervation: Musculocutaneous N.

Coracobrachialis - function, innervation, location

- Function: Flexion, ADduction, internal rotation - Location: in line with the crest of lesser tuberosity - Innervation: Musculocutaneous N.

Deltoid - function, innervation, location

- Function: MOST important ABductor of the arm to 90 degrees - Innervation: Axillary N. (C5-C6) - Location: lies over the glenohumeral joint and which gives the shoulder its rounded contour

Rhomboid Major - function, innervation, location

- Function: Steadies scapula; draws scapula medially upward - Innervation: Dorsal Scapular N. - Location: Spinous process of T1-T4 vertenrae to the medial border of the scapula below the scapular spine

Pectoralis Major - function, innervation, location

- Function: adduction, rotation of the arm forward about the axis of the body - Location: superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall. - Innervation: Medial and Lateral Pectoral N.

What lymph nodes are in the axillary region? Whats their involvement in drainage of breast and ^ limb

- Pectoral, Lateral, Apical, Central and Posterior - all upper limb nodes drain here and if the nodes are removed, lymphangitis occurs.

Pronator Teres - innervation, function, origin/insertion, location

- innervation: Median N. - origin/insertion: Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus - Ulnar head: coronoid process - location: most lateral; seen in superficial view between proximal margins of brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis

clinical significance of scaphoid and lunate fractures and/or dislocations

-Scaphoid: Most frequent bone to fracture in all bones -Lunate: Most frequent bone to get dislocated

What is the wing scapula caused by?

1. Damage to the long thoracic N. causing the pt to only be able to raise the arm to 90 degrees. 2. Damage to the Rhomboid muscles, the pt cannot raise hand above 90 degrees.

Brachial Plexus Branches - Lateral Cord

1. Lateral Pectoral 2. Musculocutaneous

Superficial veins of the upper arm

1. Subclavian V. 2. Axillary V. 3. Axillary V. bifercates to Cephalic V. and Basilic V. 4. Basilic V continues to the Median Cubital V.

Brachial Plexus - Lateral and Medial Cords create what nerve?

12. Median N.

Brachial Plexus Branches - Medial Cord

8. Medial Pectoral 9. Medial Cutaneous N. of the Arm 10. Medial Cutaneous N. of the Forearm 11. Ulnar N.

Which of the follow nerves innervate the most important adductor of the arm? A. Axillary N. B. Thoracodorsal N. C. Lower Subscapular N. D. Suprascapular N.

A. Axillary N.

The brachial plexus originates from the ________ roots. A. C5-T1 B. C1-C4 C. C1-T1 D. C4-T1

A. C5-T1

The roots for the brachial plexus are: A. C5-T1 B. C4-T1 C. C1-T1 D. C5-T2 E.C3-T2

A. C5-T1

Which of the following is the most dislocated carpal bone? A. Lunate B. Scaphoid C. Trapezium D. Capitate E. Hamate

A. Lunate

Match the following terms with their actions. A. Median N. B. Radial N. C. Musculocutaneous N. D. Ulnar N. 1. Extension of the elbow joint is not possible if this nerve is injured 2. The biceps brachii becomes paralyzed if this nerve is damaged 3. Innervates the muscle responsible for adduction of the thumb 4. Potential compression in the carpel tunnel

A. Median N. - 4. Potential compression in the carpel tunnel B. Radial N. - 1. Extension of the elbow joint is not possible if this nerve is injured C. Musculocutaneous N. - 2. The biceps brachii becomes paralyzed if this nerve is damaged D. Ulnar N. - 3. Innervates the muscle responsible for adduction of the thumb

Which of the following is NOT a vein that passes through the arm? A. Median v B. Basilic v C. Cephalic v D. Brachial v

A. Median v

Which of the following groups of lymph nodes does not belong to the Axillary region? A. Subbrachial B. Posterior C. Central D. Pectotral E. Apical

A. Subbrachial

Which of the following is NOT categorized as a rotator cuff muscle? A. Teres major B. Teres minor C. Subscsapularis D. Infraspinatus E. Supraspinatus

A. Teres Major

An injury to which of the following is NOT a results of Median N. injury above the elbow? A. Wrist Drop B. Pronation of the forearm is paralyzed C. All flexors of the wrist are paralyzed D. Thenar muscle atrophy

A. Wrist drop

The anatomical snuffbox includes the ________. A. tendon for the extensor pollicis brevis B. deep radial nerve C. Abductor pollicis brevis D. tendon for the opponens pollicis E. extensor carpi radialis brevis

A. tendon for the extensor pollicis brevis

Clinical symptoms regarding the Ulnar N. Injury

At wrist - fingres are hyperextended at metacarpophalangeal joints and flexed at interphalangeal joints (paralysis of interossei muscles and medial lumbricals = CLAW HAND) - tendon of flexor digitorum profundus paralyzed, flexion of the ring and little finger is not possible at distal phalangeal joints - small muscles of little fingers are impaired; paralysis of interossei muscles impair writing and piano playing - sensory loss over ulnar nerve area Injury at elbow - Paralysis of flexor carpi ulnaris and medial portion of flexor digitorum profundus - Ulnar deviation of the wrist is weakend, hand is abducted and extended

A fracture to which of the following bones is a common injury in automobile accidents? A. Scapula B. Clavicle C. Humerus D. The 1st rub

B. Clavicle

The ____ is responsible for performing wrist extension. A. Ular n B. Radial n C. Median n D. Hypothenar n E. Medial n

B. Radial n

All the hypothenar muscles are innervated by which of the following nerves? A. Median n. B. Ulnar n. C. Radial n. D. Musculocutaneous n. E. Median n. and Ulnar n.

B. Ulnar n

Which of the following flexes and adducts the arm? A. Infraspinatus B. Anconeus C. Coracobrachialis D. Brachialis

C. Coracobrachialis

The tendon for the palmaris longus is superficial to _____. A. extensor indicis tendon B. plantar fascia C. flexor retinaculum D. extensor retinaculum E. trochlear notch

C. Flexor retinaculum

The lateral and medial cords come together to form the ________ A. Ulnar N. B. Upper Subscauplar N. C. Median N. D. Medial Cutaneous N. of the Forearm E. Radial N.

C. Median N.

Which of the following nerves originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus? A. Axillary n. B. Median n. C. Musculocutaneous n. D. Ulnar n. E. Radial n.

C. Musculocutaenous n

Where does the pectoral girdle attach to the axial skeleton? A. Acromioclavicular joint B. Glenoid cavity C. Sternoclavicular joint D. Coronoclavicular joint

C. Sternoclavicular joint

The _____ runs through the bicipital groove. A. brachial a B. tendon for the triceps brachii medial head C. tendon for the biceps brachii long head D. radial nerve E. musculocutaneous nerve

C. Tendon of the biceps brachii long head

The "tommy john surgery" is the name of the surgical reconstruction of which of the following structures? A. Anterior sternoclavicular ligament B. Glenoid labrum C. Ulnar collateral ligament D. Annular ligament E. Radial collateral ligament

C. Ulnar collateral ligament

Brachial Plexus Roots

C5-T1

clinical significance of "Winged Scapula". How does this happen and what muscles/nerves are damaged? How do you determine this?

Caused by damage to the Rhomboid muslces or Dorsal Scapula N. / If arm can only raise to 90 degrees, the long thoracic n is affected. If arm cannot be raised above 90 degrees, the rhomboid muscles are injured.

The anterior and posterior circumflex humoral arteries are branches of the: A. Brachial a B. Radial a C. Ulnar a D. Axillary a E. Palmar arches

D. Axillary a.

Acute and chronic compartment syndrome occurs from two completely different injuries that require two distinct treatments. Which of the following may be used as treatment for an acute type? A. Application of ice on the affected area B. Rest and elevate the compromised limb C. Compression of the affected region D. Fasciotomy

D. Fasciotomy

The upper limb has anterior and posterior compartment muscles. Anterior compartment muscles of the arm flex the arm at the shoulder or flex the forearm at the elbow. In addition, all of those muscles are innervated by which of the following nerves? A. Ulnar N. B. Radial N. C. Median N. D. Musculocutaneous N.

D. Musculocutaenous N.

Which of the following runs through the bicipital groove? A.Tendon for the Biceps brachii short head B.Tendon for the Triceps brachii lateral head C. Brachial artery D. Tendon for the Biceps brachii long head

D. Tendon for the Biceps brachii long head

Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? A. Supraspinatus B. Infraspinatus C. Subscapularis D. Teres Major E. Teres Minor

D. Teres Major

A fracture midshaft of the radius could potential damage which of the following nerves? A. Axillary n. B. Median n. C. Musculocutaneous n. D. Ulnar n. E. Radial N.

D. Ulnar n

Which of the following branches directly off the posterior cord of the Brachial plexus? A. Medial cutaneous N. of the Arm B. Musculocutaneous N. C. Lateral Pectoral N. D. Upper Subscapular N. E. Median cutaneous N. of the Forearm

D. Upper Subscapular N

Which of the following superficial anterior muscles of the forearm is NOT innervated by the median nerve? A. Pronator teres B. Flexor Carpi Radialis C. Palmaris longus D. Flexor digitorum superficialis E. Flexor carpi ulnaris

E. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

What is included in the Carpal tunnel?

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS MEDIAN NERVE

In anatomically correct position, the ulna would be located laterally. True False

False

Opponens pollicis is a hypothenar muscle True False

False

The brachial vein drains into the median cubital vein True False

False

The coronoid fossa ca be seen on the proximal portion of the ulna. True False

False

The coronoid process is located on the anterior aspect of the scapula True False

False

The surgical neck of the humerus is more proximal than the anatomical neck, True False

False

The tendon for the palmaris longus is superficial to the extensor retinaculum. True False

False

The terms "shoulder dislocation" and "shoulder separation" can be used interchangeably? True False

False

The ulnar nerve is affected in carpal tunnel True False

False

Which nerve is innervated by both the Ulnar and Median N.?

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

What runs through the carpal tunnel?

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, median nerve

Anatomical Snuffbox

If there's a fracture of dislocation of the scaphoid (hand bone), the scaphoid will be pushed into the snuffbox. To diagnose this, Dr. will lightly palpate snuffbox for abnormalities

Clinical symptoms regarding the Median N. injury

Injury above the elbow - only muscles in the forearm and hand muscles are affected - all flexors of the wrist are paralyzed except flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar part of flexor digitorum profundus - thumb flexors and abductor paralyzed but not the adductor (ulnar nerve) - flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints -1st and 2nd lumbricals lost function and are unable to fully flex and middle finger - HAND OF BENEDICTION - pronation of forearm paralyzed and sensory loss over the median nerve area. Injury at wrist joint - short muscles of the thumb paralyzed, not adductor - thernar muscles atrophy(ape hand); flexor pollicis longus funtioning - sensory loss over medial nerve area

What is the origin of the left brachial artery?

Left Axillary

Brachial Plexus - The nerve that comes directly off of the roots is what nerve? Roots C5-C7

Long Thoracic N.

Biceps Brachii - location, function, innervation

Long head - Location: most lateral bicep Short head - Location: most medial bicep Both: - Innervation: Musculocutaneous N. - Function: FLEXION, SUPINATION

Innervation of Teres Major

Lower subscapular n

Tricep Brachii - location, function, innervation

Medial Head - Location: posterior compartment, inferior to long head Long head - Location: Posterior compartment, medial to the posterior border of the deltoid muscle when the elbow is extended Lateral head - Location: lateral to the long head AiLL - Innervation: Radial N. - Function: EXTENSION

Veins used for venipuncture and why?

Median Cubital V. / Easy to palpate. Once the tourniquet is applied, the vein becomes engorged with blood.

brachial plexus avulsion: upper brachial plexus (C5-C6)

Most common: - Erb-Duchenne paralysis = signs: numbness and loss of motion around the shoulder, inability to flex elbow. - deltoid and supraspinatus are paralyzed (no arm abduction) - infraspinatus paralysis leads to medial rotation of them of the arm - Biceps and brachialis are also paralyzed, no elbow flexion - Loss of biceps and supinator, weak supination. - Adduction of shoulders are mildly affected

Nerves of the brachial plexus pt 1

Musculocutanous N. - C5 and C6 Axilary N. - C7 Median N. - C8 and T1 Radial N. - C7 Ulnar N. - C8 and T1

Muscles of the palm

O - Opponens Pollicis A - Abductor Pollicis Brevis F - Flexor Pollicis Brevis A - Adductor Pollicis L - Lumbricals A - Abductor Digiti Minimi

What does the Radial N. innervate?

Posterior compartment of upper arm

Forearm muscles - Anterior compartment

Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Pronator Quadratus

Which of the following nerves arise from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? A. Radial n. B. Axillary n. C. Median n. D. Radial and Median n. E. Radial and Axillary n.

Radial and axillary n

Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia

Root compression usually by rotation of the head; commonly seen in older individuals Nerve traction is a results of a downward pull; common among young adults. Characterized as "burners" or "stingers"

Rotator cuff muscles

SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis

Brachial Plexus Branches - Posterior Cord

STAR - 3/4 Subscapular (upper and lower) - 5. Thoracodorsal (medial subscapular) - 6. Axillary - 7. Radial

name of the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges (thumb to pinky, thumb to pinky)

Some Lovers Try Postions That They Cant Handle - Scaphoid -Lunate - Triquetrum - Pisiform - Trapezium - Trapezoid - Capitate - Hamate

joints of the shoulder

Sternoclavicular joint, Acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint (ball and socket), Scapulothoracic

Brachial Plexus Trunks

Superior (C5-C6) Middle (C7) Inferior (C8-T1)

Long Thoracic N. innervates what?

The Serratus muscle

Gabe likes to check his nails by performing wrist extension. This is made possible due to radial nerve innervation. True False

True

Nerves from the posterior division innervate the upper limb's posterior compartment muscles and skin on the posterior surface. True False

True

Synovial joints can be classified into six structural types. All of these types are represented in the articulations found in the upper limb. True False

True

Teres minor is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff True False

True

The inferior border of the teres major is the anatomical border between the axillary and brachial arteries. True False

True

The lateral cord gives rise to the musculocutaneous n True False

True

The subscapular fossa of the scapula faces anteriorly. True False

True

The surgical neck is the most frequently fractures part of the humerus? True False

True

The trochlear notch can be found on the proximal end of the ulna True False

True

brachial plexus rupture

a forceful stretch resulting in the partial or complete tear of a nerve. associated with muscle weakness and pain, severity depends on location and extent of injury. Sx often required to remove scar tissue

know parts of the clavicle

acromial end, sternal end, conoid end

innervation of deltoid

axillary nerve

sternoclavicular joint location

clavicle and manubrium

brachial plexus neuroma

commonly occurs when a nerve is a cut during sx. scar tissue forms a painful knot on the nerve, preventing it from healing itself Sx often required to remove scar tissue

glenohumeral joint (ball and socket)

connects the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

know the parts of the ulna

coronoid process, olecranon process, trochlear notch, radial notch, ulnar tuberosity, styloid process of the ulna

Lymphangitis

engorged with lymph fluid and become painful and deformed. Severely compromises quality of life. Cannot place a drain

What does the Ulnar N. innervate?

hand muscles and one flexor muscle = flexor carpi ulnaris

know the parts of the radius

head of the radius, radial tuberosity, styloid process of the radius

Know the parts of the humerus

head, surgical neck, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular/bicipital groove, deltoid tuberosity, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa

Brachial Plexus Cords

lateral, posterior, medial

know parts of the scapula

medial border, lateral border, superior angle, inferior angle, subscapular fossa, scapular notch, coracoid process, amromion process, spine of the scapula, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, glenoid cavity, supraglenoid tubercle, infraglenoid tubercle

innervation of palmaris longus

median nerve

innervation of coracorbrachialis

musculocutaneous n

innervation of brachialis

musculocutaneous nerve

brachial plexus avulsion

nerve root is completely separated from spinal cord common injury during childbirth (2/1000 births) among athletes, and blunt trauma -two types depending on nerves involved -Tx depends on severity

innervation of extensor digitorum

radial nerve

innervation of long head of triceps brachii

radial nerve

innervation of supinator

radial nerve

scapulothoracic joint

scapula joint the thorax at rib #3

innervation of infraspinatus

suprascapular nerve

acromioclavicular joint location

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

clinical significance of carpal tunnel

thumb weakness, skin on the lateral part of the hand tingles or becomes numb, pain greatest at night

innervation of dorsal interosseous muscles

ulnar nerve

innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

ulnar nerve

flexor digitorum profundus - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: overlain entirely by flexor digitorum - Innervation: Median N. and Ulnar N. - Origin/Insertion: Ulna (two thirds of flexor surface) and interosseous membrane / distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits (palmar surface)

Brachial plexus avulsion: lower brachial plexus (C8-T1)

- not as common - Klumpke's paralysis --loss of movement and/or sensation of the wrist and hand -- paralysis of the intrinsinc muscles of hand (small muscles) compromises finder movement

Aconeus - innervation, function, location

- Location: located at the elbow - Innervation: Radial N. - Function: EXTENDS ELBOW

Palmaris Longus - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: small fleshy muscle with a long insertion tendon; often absent; may be used as a guide to find median nerve that lies lateral to it at wrist. - Innervation: Median N. - Origin/Insertion: Medial epicondyle of humerus/palmar aponeurosis

Rhomboid minor - function, innervation, location

- Location: spinous process of C6-C7 to the medial border of the scapula above the scapular spine - Function: Steadies scapula; draws scapula medially upward - Innervation: Dorsal Scapular N.

Extensor indicis - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: tiny muscle arising close to wrist - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: Ulna and interosseous membrane/posterior digital extension of 2nd digit

What does the Median N. innervate?

Anterior compartment and thenar muscles

Pectorailis Minor - function, innervation, location

- Function: drwas scapula downward, causing inferior angle to move posteromedially; rotates glenoid inferiorly; assists in respiration - Location: at the upper part of the chest, beneath the pectoralis major - Innervation: Medial and Lateral Pectoral N.

Clinical symptoms regarding the Radial N. injury

- Injury proximal to the origin of triceps: no extension of elbow, no triceps reflex, WRIST DROP, SENSORY LOSS of dorsolateral lower brachial region, posterior surface of forearm, dorsum of the hand, and radial side of proximal phalanges - Injury of the nerve in radial groove: fractures of humerus, triceps muscle is usually functioning, WRIST DROP and sensory loss of dorsolateral aspect of the forearm and hand - Nerve injury in forearm: deep radial nerve is injured(wrist drop), extension of the thumb and metacarpal joints is disturbed, sensation is usually preserved

pronator quadratus - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: Deepest muscle of distal forearm; only muscle that arises solely from ulna and inserts solely into radius - Innervation: Median N. - Origin/Insertion: Distal quarter of ulna / Distal quarter of radius

Fractures of the Humerus

-at surgical neck: axillary nerve -at middle shaft: may cause injury to the radial nerve -at radial groove: radial nerve -at distal end of humerus: median nerve -medial epicondyle: ulnar nerve -traumatic separation of the proximal epiphysis: significant long term nerve damage, and sx may be needed

Arteries of the upper arm

1. Subclavius A. 2. Axillary A. (starts at rib #1) 3. Brachial A. (starts at inferior edge of teres major/inferior border of scapula) 4. Brachial A. bifercates in the Radial and Ulnar A. ; and has one branch = deep brachial A. 5. Both the Radial and Ulnar A give supply to the Superficial Palmar Arch and Dorsal Arterial Arch

Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus mat paralyze which of the muscles? A. Deltoid B. Supraspinatus C. Infraspinatus D. Teres Major E. Coracobrachialis

A. Deltoid

A 35 yr old man suffered a penetrating wound to the ipper left portion of his back, in close proximity to the spine. Several days after he is treated, he returns to the hospital complaining of "lump" on his left shoulder blade. A physical examination revealed a winged left scapula; however he could raise his left arm above horizontal (above 90 degrees). Which of the following nerves is most likely affected? A. Dorsal Scapular N. B. Thoracodorsal N. C. Long Thoracic N. D. Lower Subscapular N. E. Left Phrenic N.

A. Dorsal Scapular N.

A free solo rock climber suddenly loses his grip. After sliding down the rock face for ~20 meters, he is able to grab a thick tree root growing on the edge with his right hand, bringing him to a sudden stop. Once rescued, he realized that elbow flexion was compromised on the affected limb. These symptoms correspond to which of the following conditions? A. Erb-Duchenne paralysis (C5, C6) B. Erb-Duchenne paralysis (C8, T1) C. Trendelenberg sign D. Klumpke's paralysis (C8, T1)

A. Erb-Duchenne paralysis (C5, C6)

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to carpal tunnel syndrome? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Pregnancy C. Rheumatoid Arthritis D. Amyloidosis

A. Hyperthyroidism

Palmaris Longus is innervated by the: A. Median N. B. Radial N. C. Ulnar N. D. Median and Ulnar N. E. Medial N.

A. Median N.

What is the indication of being on the posterior arm?

Anatomical snuffbox

Due to the arrangement of carpal bones and surrounding retinacula, a tunnel is formed on the anterior aspect of the wrist. Several tendons from the forearm muscles and the median nerve pass through this tight space. Inflammation of any structure or edema localized within the canal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the syndrome? A. Pain greatest at night B. Skin on the medial part of the hand tingles or becomes numb C. Movements of the thumb become weak D. All of the answer choices would be a symptom

B. Skin on the medial part of the hand tingles or becomes number

A patient has fallen onto an outstretched hand. Upon palpation and radiograph, the attending physician determines the person has suffered a Colle's fracture. What has been observed that has led to the dx? A. The ulnar styloid process has fractured, becoming displaced and forced proximally into the shaft. B. The radial styloid process has fractured, becoming displaced and forced proximally into the shaft C. The scaphoid has become displaced, being forced into the "anatomical snuffbox" D. The head of the radius has fractured and has been forcefully displaced medially impeding the trochlear notch of the ulna

B. The radial process has fractured, becoming displaced and forced proximally into the shaft

Despite the name, tennis elbow does not involve the elbow but occurs due to trauma or overuse of the: A. tendon of origin of the forearm flexors at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus B. tendon of origin of the forearm extensors at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus C. Radial collateral ligament D. aconeus

B. tendon of origin of the forearm extensors at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Trapezius - function, innervation, location

- Location: laterally to the spine of the scapula - Innervation: Accessory N (CNXI) and Cervial Plexus C3-C4 - Function: Descending=draws scapula obliquely; tilts head to same side & rotates it to opposite; rotates glenoid cavity superiorly transverse=draws scapula medially ascending=draws scapula medially downward

extensor carpi radialis brevis - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: lies deep to extensor carpi radialis - Innervation: - Origin/Insertion: lateral epicondyle of humerus / 3rd metacarpal base

Levator Scapulae - function, innervation, location

- Location: lies in the posterior triangle of the neck, attached to the scapula - Innervation: Dorsal Scapular N. - Function: draws scapula medially upward while moving inferior angle medially; inclines neck to same side.

flexor pollicis longus - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: lies lateral and parallel to flexor digitorum profundus - Innervation: Median N. - Origin/Insertion: Radius and adjacent interosseous membrane/ Distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor Digitorum - Location, Innervation, Origin/Insertion

- Location: lies medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: lateral epicondyle of humerus / dorsal digital expansion of 2nd to 5th digits

Flexor digitorum superficialis - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: more deeply place, overlain by superficial muscles but visible at distal end of forearm - Innervation: Median N. - Origin/Insertion: Humeral head: medial epicondyle - Ulnar head: coronoid process / sides of middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits

brachioradialis - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: most anterior muscle of the posterior compartment - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: Distal humerus/radial styloid process

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: most medial of superficial posterior muscles - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: Lateral epicondyle of humerus / base of 5th metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: paralles brachioradialis on lateral forerarm and may blend with it - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus / 2nd meacarpal base

Teres Major - function, innervation, location

- Location: runs along the lateral border of the scapula - Innervation: lower subscapular n. - Function: medial rotation and adduction

Flexor Carpi Radialis - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: runs diagonally across forearm - Innervation: Median N. - Origin/Insertion: Medial epicondyle of humerus/base of 2nd metacarpal

Supinator - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna / lateral surface and posterior border of radius

Extensor pollicis longus - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: deep muscle paired with extensor pollicis brevis - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: Ulna and interosseous membrane/base of distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor pollicis brevis - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: deep muscle paired with extensor pollicis longus - Innervation Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: radius and interosseous membrane/base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Extensor digiti minimi - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: extends little finger - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: Lateral epicondyle of humerus / dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit

Latissimus Dorsi - function, innervation, location

- Location: large, flat back muscle that stretches to the sides, behind the arms. largest back muscle. - Innervation: Middle Subscapular N (aka Thoracodorsal N.) - Function: internal rotation, adduction, extension of respiration (coughing muscle)

Abductor pollicis longus - Location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: lateral and parallel to extensor pollicis longus; just distal to supinator - Innervation: Radial N. - Origin/Insertion: radius and ulna (dorsal surfaces, interosseous membrane) / base of 1st metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - location, innervation, origin/insertion

- Location: Most medial muscle of this group - Innervation: Ulnar N. - Origin/Insertion: Humeral Head: medial epicondyle - Ulnar head: Olecranon / Pisiform; hood of hamate; base of 5th metacarpal

Serratus Anterior - location, function, innervation

- Location: covers 1st-9th ribs - Function: elevation of the arm over 90 degrees; protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall and rotates the scapula laterally to elevate the arm -Innervation: Long Thoracic N.

As a results of a fracture to the distal part of the shaft of the humerus, all of the following might be completely paralyzed, EXCEPT: A. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris B. Flexor Carpi Radialis C. Palmaris Longus D. Flexor Pollicis Longus E. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Which of the following is not located anteriorly on the distal end of the humerus? A. Capitulum B. Coronoid fossa C. Radial fossa D. Olecranon fossa

D. Olecranon fossa

The _____ passes through the radial groove. A. radial a B. deep radial a C. median n D. superficial radial n E. radial nerve and deep brachial a

E. Radial n and deep brachial a