Anatomy: Cardiovascular

Laminar flow of the blood is achieved through _______. A. smooth muscle contraction B. vasodilation C. vasoconstriction D. vasoconstriction and smooth muscle contraction

B

Patients with aortic valve stenosis experience _________. A. a decrease in chamber volume B. increased thickness in the myocardium and a decrease in chamber volume C. increased thickness and an increase in chamber volume D. increased thickness in the myocardium E. an increase in chamber volume

B

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? A. arterial B. venous

B

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following? A. a decreased in cardiac output B. an increase in heart rate and contractility C. a decrease in blood pressure D. vasodilation of arteries

B

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by _______. A. blood pressure B. proteins in the blood

B

The compensating mechanisms tested in this activity include all of the following EXCEPT __________. A. increased contractility B. decreased preload C. increasing preload D. decreasing afterload

B

The flow rate in this activity _______. A. varied with stroke volume B. stayed constant, because pump rate decreased as the stroke volume increased C. stayed constant, because pump rate increased as the stroke volume increased D. stayed constant, because pump rate decreased as the stroke volume decreased

B

The left side of the heart pumps blood _____. A. through the tricuspid valve and to the lungs B. through the aortic valve C. through the tricuspid valve D. to the lungs

B

When the left flow tube radius was increased, ________. A. the stroke volume increased B. the flow rate increased C. the flow rate decreased D. the stroke volume decreased

B

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? A. net hydrostatic pressure B. net osmotic pressure

B

Afterload is the pressure threshold that must be exceeded to open ______. A. the pulmonary semilunar valve and the tricuspid valve B. the tricuspid valve C. the aortic semilunar valve and the pulmonary semilunar valve D. the pulmonary semilunar valve E. the aortic semilunar valve

C

An increase in venous return ______. A. results in decreased preload B. occurs with severe blood loss C. occurs during exercise D. decreases EDV

C

Describe the plot of pressure versus flow rate. A. It was linear, and the flow rate decreased with increased pressure. B. It was curved, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure. C. It was linear, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure. D. It was curved, and the flow rate decreased with increased pressure

C

How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke and volume and cardiac output? A. increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output B. decreased stroke volume and decreased cardiac output C. decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output D. no change in stroke volume and decreased cardiac output

C

In this activity, we changed the pressure delivered by the left beaker. This analogous to _________. A. increasing the viscosity of the blood B. decreasing the radius of the blood vessel C. increasing the force of contraction of the heart D. increasing the length of the flow tube

C

When the flow tube radius increased, _______. A. pump rate increased to maintain pressure B. pump rate decreased to maintain pressure C. resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure D. resistance decreased and pump rate decreased to maintain pressure E. resistance decreased

C

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched with the corresponding equipment used in this experiment? A. left beaker-blood flowing from the heart B. flow tube between the beakers-an artery C. All of the above are matched correctly

C

Which of the following stayed constant throughout the activity? A. pump rate B. right flow tube radius C. stroke volume D. flow rate

C

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles? A. increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system B. increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system C. decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system D. decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

C

Cardiac output is _______. A. equal the blood flow and equal to heart rate times stroke volume B. equal blood flow C. equal to heart rate times (EDV minus ESV) D. equal to heart rate times stroke volume E. All of the above

E

In this activity, the pump stimulates the ______. A. left ventricle B. right ventricle C. aortic semilunar valve D. pulmonary semilunar valve

A

In this activity, the right flow tube simulates the _______. A. aorta B. superior vena cava C. pulmonary vein D. pulmonary trunk

A

In this activity, which variable will be changed? A. pressure B. vessel radius and pressure C. vessel radius D. vessel length

A

Increasing the left flow tube radius corresponds to _______. A. increasing preload B. increasing contractility C. increasing afterload D. increasing viscosity

A

By which mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume? A. increased contractility B. increased end diastolic volume C. increased end systolic volume D. decreased end diastolic volume

B

The free-flowing blood located in the middle of a blood vessel is called _______. A. lumen flow B. laminar flow C. gradient flow D. friction flow

B

Blood flow is ______. A. directly proportional to the pressure gradient B. inversely proportional to cardiac output C. not proportional to the pressure gradient D. inversely proportional to the pressure gradient

A

How does the body decrease the blood vessel radius? A. vasoconstriction B. vasodilation C. cardiac muscle contraction D. valve closure

A

How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume? A. increase contractility B. increased end diastolic volume C. decreased end diastolic volume D. increased end systolic volume

A

In the cardiovascular system, the pressure gradient is provided by _______. A. the force of contraction of the heart and peripheral resistance in the blood vessels B. osmosis C. peripheral resistance in the blood vessels D. the force of contraction of the heart

A

The flow rate of a liquid is _______. A. directly proportional to the pressure gradient B. directly proportional to the resistance C. inversely proportional to the pressure gradient D. directly proportional to the pressure gradient and the resistance

A

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the _____ minus hydrostatic pressure in the _______. A. capillary; interstitial fluid B. interstitial fluid; capillary

A

The overlap length of cardiac muscle in the healthy heart is ______. A. less than optimum for maximum tension production B. decreased as the heart is stretched C. optimized when the length of the sarcomere is decreased D. optimum for maximum tension production

A

When the radius of the flow tube is decreased, the _________. A. fluid flow rate decreases B. pressure gradient decreases C. friction decreases D. fluid flow rate and the pressure gradient decrease E. fluid flow rate increases

A

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located? A. carotid sinus and aortic arch B. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems C. cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata

A

Which of the following has the greatest effect on peripheral resistance? A. blood vessel diameter B. viscosity C. viscosity, blood vessel length and blood vessel diameter affect peripheral resistance equally D. blood vessel length

A

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? A. 34 mm Hg B. 1 mm Hg C. 12 mm Hg

A

Which right flow tube radius resulted in the fastest flow rate? A. 5.0 mm B. 1.0 mm C. All sizes had the same flow rate D. 3.0 mm

A

Which variable was altered in this activity? A. stroke volume B. vessel radius C. blood pressure D. flow rate

A

An increase in venous return will _______. A. increase the contractility of the heart B. increase EDV and therefore, increase stroke volume C. increase stroke volume only D. increase EDV only

B

Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by __________. A. increased resistance the blood flow B. increased resistance to blood flow, thickening of the myocardium and narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve C. narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve D. thickening of the myocardium

B

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)? A. decreased PNS activity and increased SNS activity B. increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity C. increased PNS and SNS activity

B

In the activity, decreasing pressure in the right beaker is analogous to _______. A. increasing preload B. decreasing afterload C. decreasing preload D. increasing contractility

B

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by _______. A. proteins in the blood B. blood pressure

B

Increase in stroke volume is a result of ______. A. increased preload B. increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload C. increased contractility of the heart D. increased EDV

B

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following? A. vasodilation of arteries B. a decrease in heart rate C. a decrease in cardiac output D. an increase in heart contractility

D

An increased preload is equivalent to, or causes, a(n) _______. A. decreased EDV B. decreased stroke volume C. increased stroke volume D. increased EDV

D

Arteries that are closer to the heart _______. A. have less elastic tissue B. must be able to withstand pressure changes C. have more elastic tissue D. have more elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes E. have less elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes

D

During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat _______ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat __________. A. constricted, constricted B. constricted, dilated C. dilated, dilated D. dilated, constricted

D

During the ejection period, ________. A. the ventricles are filling B. blood is pumped into the aorta C. the atria are filling D. blood is pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk E. blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk

D

The volume in the pump when the pump piston is all the way down represents the _______. A. stroke volume B. end diastolic volume C. cardiac output D. end systolic volume

D

What variable(s) can the cardiovascular system alter to maintain blood pressure? A. resistance B. stroke volume C. heart rate D. heart rate, stroke volume, and resistance

D

Which of the following result (s) in an increase in fluid flow rate? A. increase in radius diameter B. increase in pressure and decrease radius diameter C. increase in pressure D. increase in pressure and increase in radius diameter E. decrease in radius diameter

D

Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent? A. increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume B. decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume C. decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume D. increased heart rate and increased stroke volume

D

Which of the following would increase heart rate? A. decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system B. increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system C. acetylcholine D. epinephrine and norepinephrine

D