Anatomy Ch. 15 connect

Select all that apply Which are only innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers? -Cardiac muscle -Sweat glands -Piloerector muscles -Liver -Adrenal medulla

-Adrenal medulla -Sweat glands -Piloerector muscles

Select all that apply Indicate the statements that accurately describe muscarinic receptors. -All cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells have muscarinic receptors. -Muscarinic receptors occur at all synapses in the autonomic ganglia. -ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an excitatory effect on some cells. -Muscarinic receptors occur at the neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle fibers. -ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an inhibitory effect on some cells.

-All cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells have muscarinic receptors. -ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an excitatory effect on some cells. -ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an inhibitory effect on some cells.

Select all that apply What are two receptors that bind norepinephrine? -Muscarinic -Beta-adrenergic -Nicotinic -Alpha-adrenergic

-Beta-adrenergic -Alpha-adrenergic

Select all that apply Which are autonomic reflexes regulated by the spinal cord? -Ejaculation -Micturition -Vomiting -Defecation -Erection

-Ejaculation -Micturition -Defecation -Erection

Select all that apply Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply. -IX -IV -III -VI -X -VII

-III -IX -X -VII

Select all that apply Which are effects of the parasympathetic division on the digestive system? -Increased gastric motility -Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion -Increased gastrointestinal secretion -Increased glycogen breakdown by the liver

-Increased gastric motility -Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion -Increased gastrointestinal secretion

Select all that apply Which are effects of the parasympathetic division on the digestive system? -Increased glycogen breakdown by the liver -Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion -Increased gastric motility -Increased gastrointestinal secretion

-Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion -Increased gastric motility -Increased gastrointestinal secretion

Select all that apply Which describes a beta-adrenergic receptor? Select all that apply. -It uses a calcium second messenger system. -It uses a cAMP second messenger system. -It is usually inhibitory. -It inhibits smooth muscle of the bronchioles, enhancing airflow.

-It uses a cAMP second messenger system. -It is usually inhibitory. -It inhibits smooth muscle of the bronchioles, enhancing airflow.

Select all that apply Which send input to the ANS? -Efferent motor neurons -Medulla oblongata -Spinal cord -Cerebral cortex -Hypothalamus

-Medulla oblongata -Spinal cord -Cerebral cortex -Hypothalamus

Select all that apply Which neurons secrete acetylcholine? -Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons -Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons -Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons -Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

-Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons -Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons -Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Select all that apply After entering the sympathetic chain, preganglionic nerve fibers may do which of the following? -Pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing, forming splanchnic nerves -Immediately synapse with postganglionic fibers -Directly synapse with effector cells -Move up or down the chain and synapse in ganglia at other levels

-Pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing, forming splanchnic nerves -immediately synapse with postganglionic fibers -move up or down the chain and synapse in ganglia at other levels

Select all that apply Indicate which of the following are regulated by autonomic nuclei in the brainstem. -Pupillary constriction -Flexion and extension of arm -Salivation -Vasomotor control -Sweating

-Pupillary constriction -Salivation -Vasomotor control -Sweating

Select all that apply What are the effects of the sympathetic division on the eye? -Pupillary dilation -Pupillary constriction -Secretion of tears from the lacrimal gland -Relaxation of the ciliary muscle and lens for far vision -Contraction of the ciliary muscle and lens for near vision

-Pupillary dilation -Relaxation of the ciliary muscle and lens for far vision

Select all that apply Which are sympathetic effects on the urinary system? -Reduced urine output by the kidneys -Contraction of the urinary bladder wall -Contraction of the internal urethral sphincter -Relaxation of the urinary sphincter

-Reduced urine output by the kidneys -Contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

Select all that apply Which of the following are sympathetic effects on the integumentary system? -Secretion from merocrine sweat glands -Relaxation of piloerector muscles -Secretion from apocrine sweat glands

-Secretion from merocrine sweat glands -Secretion from apocrine sweat glands

Select all that apply Which are sympathetic effects on the reproductive system? -Smooth muscle contraction during orgasm -Stimulation of glandular secretion -Labor contractions of the uterus -Penile or clitoral erection

-Smooth muscle contraction during orgasm -Labor contractions of the uterus

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of the antagonistic effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions? -The sympathetic division induces dilation of the pupil while the parasympathetic division induces the pupil to constrict. -The sympathetic division speeds up heart rate while the parasympathetic division slows it down. -The salivary glands secrete saliva in response to parasympathetic stimulation while sympathetic stimulation induces them to secrete mucous.

-The sympathetic division induces dilation of the pupil while the parasympathetic division induces the pupil to constrict. -The sympathetic division speeds up heart rate while the parasympathetic division slows it down.

Select all that apply Functions of the enteric nervous system include which of the following? -To regulate the respiratory rate -To regulate motility through the digestive tract -To regulate salivation -To regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes -To regulate the formation of gametes

-To regulate motility through the digestive tract -To regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes

Select all that apply Which are effects of the sympathetic division on the circulatory system? -Vasoconstriction of visceral blood vessels -Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin -Increased blood clotting -Increased heart rate -Decreased heart rate -Vasodilation of visceral blood vessels

-Vasoconstriction of visceral blood vessels -Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin -Increased blood clotting -Increased heart rate

Select all that apply Which regions of the CNS does the parasympathetic division of the ANS arise from? -Cervical spinal cord -Lumbar spinal cord -Brain -Sacral spinal cord -Thoracic spinal cord

-brain -sacral spinal cord

Select all that apply From which regions of the CNS do the nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system arise? -Sacral division of spinal cord -Thoracic division of spinal cord -Lumbar division of spinal cord -Brainstem

-brainstem -sacral division of spinal cord

Select all that apply Which plexuses receive parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve? -Cardiac plexus -Cervical plexus -Pulmonary plexus -Brachial plexus -Esophageal plexus

-cardiac plexus -pulmonary plexus -esophageal plexus

Select all that apply Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla? -Cortisol -Norepinephrine -Aldosterone -Epinephrine

-norepinephrine -epinephrine

Select all that apply Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply. -Oculomotor -Hypoglossal -Trochlear -Facial -Glossopharyngeal -Vagus

-oculomotor -facial -glossopharyngeal -vagus

Place the components of a visceral reflex arc in order. -efferent neurons -receptor -interneuron -effector -afferent neuron

-receptor -afferent neuron -interneuron -efferent neurons -effector

Select all that apply Which activities are attributed to the parasympathetic division of the ANS? -Increasing blood-glucose levels -Reduced energy expenditure -Digestion -Elevating heart rate -Waste elimination

-reducing energy expenditure -digestion -waste elimination

Select all that apply Which describes the axons of the white communicating ramus? -Parasympathetic -Unmyelinated -Sympathetic -Preganglionic -Postganglionic -Myelinated

-sympathetic -preganglionic -myelinated

How many major collateral ganglia are found on the aorta? -1 -2 -4 -3

3

Which describes the sympathetic chain ganglia? -A series of parasympathetic ganglia located within the spinal cord -A longitudinal series of parasympathetic ganglia -A series of sympathetic ganglia located within the brain -A longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column

A longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column

Which neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division? -GABA -Acetylcholine -Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine

What neurotransmitters do the neurons of the autonomic nervous system secrete? -Norepinephrine only -Acetycholine and norepinephrine -Acetycholine only

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Which is an example of the cooperative effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS? -Both autonomic divisions increase heart rate. -Both autonomic divisions stimulate salivary gland secretion. -Both autonomic divisions induce dilation of the pupil.

Both autonomic divisions stimulate salivary gland secretion.

Identify the region of the CNS that has nuclei for regulating cardiac and vasomotor control, salivation, swallowing, sweating, gastrointestinal secretion, bladder control, and pupillary constriction/dilation. -Cerebral cortex -Spinal cord -Hypothalamus -Brainstem

Brainstem

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the respiratory system? -Bronchoconstriction -Decreased secretion by mucous glands via alpha-1 receptors -Increased secretion by mucous glands via beta-2 receptors -Bronchodilation

Bronchoconstriction

What are the three collateral ganglia of the abdominal plexus? -Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric -Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and collateral -Spinal, sympathetic, and splanchnic

Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric

Which receptors bind to ACh? -Cholinergic -Alpha -Beta -Adrenergic

Cholinergic

An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is said to have what? -Dual innervation -Cooperative effects -Antagonistic effects

Dual innervation

What region of the brain is the primary regulator of the visceral motor system? -Hypothalamus -Cerebral cortex -Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Which is the major control center of the visceral motor system? -Cerebellum -Epithalamus -Pons -Spinal cord -Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

What effect does the parasympathetic division have on the adrenal medulla? -It has no effect on the adrenal medulla. -It inhibits secretion by the adrenal medulla. -It stimulates secretion by the adrenal medulla.

It has no effect on the adrenal medulla.

Which of the following describes an alpha-adrenergic receptor? -It is usually inhibitory and may use a calcium second messenger system. -It is usually excitatory and may use a cAMP second messenger system. -It is a cAMP second messenger system. -It is usually excitatory and may use a calcium second messenger system.

It is usually excitatory and may use a calcium second messenger system.

Which describes the autonomic nervous system? -It originates in the CNS and receives input from the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, and the medulla oblongata. -It acts independently of the central nervous system.

It originates in the CNS and receives input from the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, and the medulla oblongata.

__________ receptors are cholinergic receptors that are found at the synapses of all autonomic ganglia, on cells of the adrenal medulla, and at neuromuscular junctions. -Nicotinic -Muscarinic

Nicotinic

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly secreted by postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the ANS? -Acetylcholine -Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine

Which division of the ANS causes a decreased heart rate, vasodilation of visceral blood vessels, and vasodilation of the skin's blood vessels? -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Which division of the ANS causes contraction of the urinary bladder wall and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter? -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Which division of the ANS causes penile or clitoral engorgement and stimulation of glandular secretion? -Sympathetic -Parasympathetic

Parasympathetic

Which division of the ANS causes pupillary constriction and contraction of the ciliary muscle for near vision? -Parasympathetic division -Sympathetic division

Parasympathetic division

Which nerve fibers secrete norepinephrine? -Postganglionic nerve fibers of the parasympathetic division -Preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division -Preganglionic nerve fibers of the parasympathetic division -Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division

Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division

Which parasympathetic fibers are found in the pelvic splanchnic nerves? -Postganglionic -Sympathetic -Autonomic -Preganglionic

Preganglionic

_____________ disease is a disorder of the sympathetic nervous system which induces intermittent attacks of paleness, cyanosis, and pain in the digits due to excessive vasoconstriction.

Raynaud

In which of these conditions do the fingers and toes become cold and pale due to vasoconstriction of vessels in the extremities? -Autonomic dysreflexia -Raynaud disease -Horner syndrome

Raynaud disease

How can opposite effects be produced in the ANS? -Only by dual innervation -Sometimes by innervation by only one division

Sometimes by innervation by only one division

Which region of the CNS integrates the reflexes for micturition, defecation, erection and ejaculation? -Spinal cord -Medulla oblongata -Hypothalamus -Midbrain

Spinal cord

Horner syndrome results from an interruption to what innervation of the head? -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic

Sympathetic

Vasomotor tone is produced by a baseline level of stimulation by which division of the ANS? -Sympathetic -Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS causes a decrease in gastrointestinal secretions, pancreatic enzymes, and pancreatic insulin? -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS causes a decrease in gastrointestinal secretions, pancreatic enzymes, and pancreatic insulin? -Sympathetic -Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS causes bronchodilation in the respiratory system? -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS stimulates the breakdown of adipose tissue? -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic

Sympathetic

From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise? -Cerebellum and brainstem -Cervical and thoracic regions of spinal cord -Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord -Brainstem and sacral region of spinal cord

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

What are the parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve? -To decrease heart rate and respiratory rate -To induce secretions from the tear glands, salivary glands, and nasal glands -To adjust the shape of the lens and the diameter of the pupil

To adjust the shape of the lens and the diameter of the pupil

Where is the limbic system located? -Within the diencephalon -Within the cerebral cortex -In the brainstem -In the cerebellum

Within the cerebral cortex

The ______ is a network of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons that wrap around the aorta. -splanchnic nerve route -lumbar plexus -spinal nerve route -abdominal aortic plexus

abdominal aortic plexus

The neurotransmitter ______ binds to cholinergic receptors. -acetylcholine -norepinephrine -epinephrine

acetylcholine

The adrenal gland has two parts, an outer rim called the ________ ________ and an inner portion called the ________ _________

adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

Receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine are called ___________ receptors

adrenergic

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine binds to ______ receptors. -adrenergic -cholinergic -muscarinic

adrenergic

A(n) _____________-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory and uses a calcium second messenger system or inhibits cAMP.

alpha

What does the axon of a postganglionic neuron synapse with? -A ganglion -An effector -Brain or spinal cord

an effector

Regulation of pupillary constriction and dilation is an example of the ______ effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions on the same organ. -antagonistic -cooperative

antagonistic

The efferent pathway of which nervous system uses both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters? -Central -Somatic -Autonomic

autonomic

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems exhibit a background rate of activity referred to as ________ tone.

autonomic

Which nervous system controls glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle? -Peripheral -Somatic -Central -Autonomic

autonomic

Which nervous system has two nerve fibers connecting the CNS to an effector? -Autonomic -Peripheral -Somatic

autonomic

Which is usually under involuntary control? -Autonomic nervous system -Somatic nervous system

autonomic nervous system

What is the background activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS called? -Muscle tone -Vasomotor tone -Somatic tone -Autonomic tone

autonomic tone

The __________-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory and acts through a cAMP second-messenger system. -beta -alpha

beta

The phenomenon where the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions work together to produce a unified outcome is called a(n) ______ effect. -antagonistic -cooperative

cooperative

__________ innervation refers to the fact that many structures in the body are innervated by nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

dual

The _________ nervous system consists entirely of neurons embedded in the wall of the digestive tract and does not originate from the brain or spinal cord.

enteric

Which cranial nerve regulates secretion from the tear glands, salivary glands, and nasal glands? -Oculomotor nerve (III) -Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) -Facial nerve (VII) -Vagus nerve (X)

facial nerve

True or false: The limbic system is the part of the brain involved with coordination of motor input.

false

The _______ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid salivary gland.

glossopharyngeal

The ______ communicating ramus carries unmyelinated sympathetic postganglionic fibers that exit the ganglion, enter a spinal nerve, and then travel to the target organ. -white -gray

gray

_________ syndrome is a disorder that results from an interruption to sympathetic innervation of the head.

horner

Visceral effectors exhibit denervation ______ when their nerves are severed.

hypersensitivity

Which of the following occurs during the fight-or-flight response? -Increased bronchoconstriction -Increased pupillary constriction -Increased production of glycogen in the liver -Increased ATP production -Increased urine formation

increased ATP production

Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the _________ horn of gray matter in the spinal cord.

lateral

Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers. -long, short -long, long -short, long -short, short

long, short

Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers. -short, short -long, short -long, long -short, long

long, short

The ganglia of the parasympathetic division are located ______. -near the spinal column -near or within the brain -near or within the target organ

near or within the target organ

Which division of the ANS is referred to as the "rest and digest" division? -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic

parasympathetic

Which division of the ANS is associated with normal body maintenance? -Sympathetic division -Parasympathetic division

parasympathetic division

___________ nerves convey impulses from the sympathetic trunk ganglia to the distal half of the colon, rectum, bladder, and reproductive organs.

pelvic

Which type of neurons make up the adrenal medulla? -Preganglionic sympathetic -Postganglionic sympathetic -Postganglionic parasympathetic -Preganglionic parasympathetic

postganglionic sympathetic

Which parasympathetic fibers are found in the pelvic splanchnic nerves? -Postganglionic -Preganglionic -Autonomic -Sympathetic

preganglionic

Which efferent pathway has a single nerve fiber extending from the CNS to effector? -Visceral -Somatic -Autonomic

somatic

Which nervous system regulates conscious, voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles? -Somatic nervous system -Autonomic nervous system

somatic nervous system

Which nervous system transmits only excitatory signals to effector cells? -Autonomic nervous system -Somatic nervous system

somatic nervous system

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers typically synapse with sympathetic chain ganglia unless they pass through, forming _________ nerves that instead enter collateral ganglia.

splanchnic

The ______ division of the ANS may induce an increased or decreased breakdown of adipose tissue.

sympathetic

The __________ bdivision of the ANS and the adrenal medulla develop from the same embryonic tissue.

sympathetic

The __________ division of the ANS stimulates the secretion of hormones by the adrenal medulla?

sympathetic

The division of the ANS that has general and widespread effects is the __________ division.

sympathetic

The division of the ANS that has relatively short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers is the ______ division. -parasympathetic -sympathetic

sympathetic

Which division of the ANS is associated with the "fight-or-flight" response? -Sympathetic -Parasympathetic

sympathetic

Which division of the ANS stimulates sweat glands and piloerector muscle contraction? _______________

sympathetic

Which ganglia extend from the cervical region to the coccygeal region along the vertebral column? -Parasympathetic ganglia -Sympathetic chain

sympathetic chain

In the ______ division of the ANS the preganglionic nerve fibers are short, while in the ______ division the preganglionic fibers are relatively long. -sympathetic, parasympathetic -parasympathetic, sympathetic

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Neural divergence is extensive in the ______ division of the autonomic nervous system, while in the ______ division, divergence is minimal. -parasympathetic, sympathetic -sympathetic, parasympathetic

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Within the ANS, the effects of the ______ division are often general and widespread, while in the _______ division the effects are more specific and local. -sympathetic, parasympathetic -parasympathetic, sympathetic

sympathetic, parasympathetic

If the nerves to visceral effectors are severed, what happens to the effectors? -They exhibit spastic paralysis -They become hypersensitive -The become hypo sensitive -They exhibit flaccid paralysis

they become hypersensitive

From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise? -Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord -Brainstem and sacral region of spinal cord -Cerebellum and brainstem -Cervical and thoracic regions of spinal cord

thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the ______ division as it arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. -craniosacral -thoracolumbar -sacral -cervical

thoracolumbar

____________ tone describes the continual input from the sympathetic division to the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls, resulting in a partial and constant tension.

vasomotor