Anatomy chapter 13

Which branch carries motor neurons to structures on the back of the body trunk? A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D) 7 E) 11

A) 1

The neural "wiring" of a single reflex is called a(n) A) reflex arc. B) ramus. C) ganglion. D) tract. E) intershoot.

A) reflex arc

The dorsal root contains ________ neurons. A) sensory B) motor C) interneurons D) efferent E) unipolar

A) sensory

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A) sensory nuclei. B) somatic motor nuclei. C) autonomic motor nuclei. D) nerve tracts. E) sympathetic nuclei.

A) sensory nucei

In which structure are sensory cell bodies located? A) 4 B) 6 C) 5 D) 10 E) 12

D)

After age ________, the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not. A) 8 B) 12 C) 18 D) 4 E) 1

D) 4

The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the A) dura mater. B) subarachnoid space. C) arachnoid. D) pia mater. E) choroid plexus.

D) pia mater

) Identify the structure labeled "4." A) posterior gray column B) dorsal gray ganglion C) posterior white column D) posterior gray horn E) anterior gray horn

D) posterior gray horn

Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region. A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal

A cervical

The white matter of the spinal cord contains A) bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions. B) bundles of dendrites with common origins, destinations, and functions. C) sensory and motor nuclei. D) both axons and dendrites. E) interneurons.

A) bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions.

The dura mater tapers inferiorly to form the A) coccygeal ligament. B) conus medullaris. C) cauda equine. D) subarachnoid space. E) denticulum latum.

A) coccygeal ligament

Reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are called A) contralateral. B) ipsilateral. C) commensual. D) involuntary. E) parasympathetic.

A) contralateral

In ________, one neuron synapses on several postsynaptic neurons. A) divergence B) intercommunication C) a plexus D) a pool E) convergence

A) divergence

) Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you expect?

A) loss of sensation in his torso

Interneurons are organized into functional groups called A) neuronal pools. B) plexi. C) rami. D) spindles. E) perineuria.

A) neuronal pools

The loss of feeling and movement of the legs is termed A) paraplegia. B) hemiplegia. C) spinal shock. D) quadriplegia. E) spinal transection

A) paraplegia

Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the A) pia mater. B) dura mater. C) epidural space. D) subdural space. E) subarachnoid space.

A) pia mater

Which of the following associations is incorrect? A) 8 cervical spinal nerves B) 11 thoracic spinal nerves C) 5 lumbar spinal nerves D) 5 sacral spinal nerves E) 1 coccygeal spinal nerve

B) 11 thoracic spinal nerves

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) cell bodies of motor neurons. D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. E) interneurons.

B) axons of sensory neurons

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus. A) cervical B) brachial C) lumbar D) sacral E) thoracic

B) bracial

Identify the structure labeled "3." A) spinal nerve B) gray ramus C) white ramus D) dorsal ramus E) ventral ramus

B) gray ramus

The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord, seen easily in microscopic spinal cord cross sections, are called A) wings. B) horns. C) pyramids. D) fibers. E) tracts.

B) horns

) Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes. A) visceral B) innate C) acquired D) somatic E) vegetative

B) innate

Reflexes that activate muscles on the same side of the body as the stimulus are called A) contralateral. B) ipsilateral. C) commensual. D) involuntary. E) parasympathetic.

B) ipsilateral

The nerve crucial for breathing that originates within the cervical plexus is called the ________ nerve. A) brachial B) phrenic C) intercostal D) ganglion E) sciatic

B) phrenic

Identify the type of connection inside the structure labeled "3." A) preganglionic neuron B) postganglionic neuron C) somatic motor neuron D) sensory neuron E) interneuron

B) postganglionic neuron

The white ramus and the gray ramus collectively are called the A) spinal nerve. B) rami communicantes. C) meninges. D) ganglia. E) ascending tracts.

B) rami communicates

The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A) sensory nuclei. B) somatic motor nuclei. C) autonomic motor nuclei. D) nerve tracts. E) sympathetic nuclei.

B) somatic motor nuclei

What is the function of the structure labeled "12"? A) control of skeletal muscle B) somatic sensory receiving C) visceral sensory receiving D) control of visceral effectors E) ascending pathway

B) somatic sensory receiving

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the A) filum terminale. B) subarachnoid space. C) dura mater. D) pia mater. E) arachnoid mater.

B) subarachnoid space

Identify the structure labeled "6." A) autonomic nerve B) sympathetic ganglion C) dorsal root ganglion D) rami communicantes E) ventral root

B) sympathetic ganglion

The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex. A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossed extensor E) reciprocal

B) tendon

What is the function of the structure labeled "12"? A) somatic motor control B) visceral motor control C) somatic sensory input D) visceral sensory input E) sensory receptor for pain

B) visceral motor control

The spinal cord continues to elongate until about age A) 20 years. B) 10 years. C) 4 years. D) 6 months. E) 2 months

C) 4 years

In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise? A) cranial B) cervical C) brachial D) lumbar E) sacral

C) brachial

In the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as A) nuclei. B) ganglia. C) columns. D) nerves. E) horns.

C) columns

What is the function of the structure labeled "14"? A) control of skeletal muscle B) somatic sensory processing C) control of visceral effectors D) somatic motor control E) visceral sensory processing

C) control of visceral effectors

The ________ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back. A) white ramus communicantes B) gray ramus communicantes C) dorsal ramus D) ventral ramus E) dermatome

C) dorsal ramus

The ________ separates the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal. A) subdural space B) subarachnoid space C) epidural space D) venous dural sinus E) central canal

C) epidural space

The most complicated spinal reflexes are called A) collateral reflex arcs. B) ipsilateral reflex arcs. C) intersegmental reflex arcs. D) dermatomes. E) spinal plexuses.

C) intersegmental reflex arcs

Identify the structure labeled "8." A) peripheral nerve B) dorsal ramus C) spinal nerve D) ventral root E) dorsal root

C) spinal nerve

A complex, interwoven network of nerves is called a A) dermatome. B) ramus. C) plexus. D) ganglion. E) tracts.

C) plexus

Identify the structure labeled "5." A) autonomic nerve B) autonomic ganglion C) rami communicantes D) dorsal root ganglion E) ventral root

C) rami communicates

Identify the structure labeled "4." A) spinal nerve B) gray ramus C) white ramus D) dorsal ramus E) ventral ramus

C) white ramus

Identify the structure labeled "10." A) anterior white commissure B) anterior median fissure C) anterior white column D) anterior gray commissure E) anterior white horn

D) anterior gray commissure

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain A) axons of motor neurons. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) cell bodies of motor neurons. D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. E) synapses.

D) cell bodies of sensory neurons

The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the A) endoneurium. B) endomysium. C) perineurium. D) epineurium. E) epimysium.

D) epineurium

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the A) anterior gray horns. B) lateral gray horns. C) posterior gray horns. D) gray commissures. E) white commissures.

D) gray commissures

During the procedure known as a(n) ________, a needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space in the inferior lumbar region. A) EEG B) encephalomyelogram C) laminectomy D) lumbar puncture E) thoracic tap

D) lumbar puncture

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly A) unmyelinated axons. B) neuroglia. C) Schwann cells. D) myelinated axons. E) nodes of Ranvier.

D) myelinated axons

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A) nerve tracts. B) columns. C) meninges. D) neuron cell bodies. E) funiculi.

D) neuron cell bodies

The condition in which a person loses all feeling and movement of the arms and legs due to spinal cord injury is termed A) paraplegia. B) hemiplegia. C) spinal shock. D) quadriplegia. E) spinal transection.

D) quadriplegia

) Into what spinal area would one inject a chemical whose purpose is to anesthetize the patient? A) the subarachnoid space B) the central canal C) the subdural space D) the epidural space E) the venous dural sinus

D) the epidural space

The spinal cord consists of four regions and ________ segments. A) five B) twelve C) twenty-five D) thirty-one E) The number varies widely among individuals

D) thirty one

Suppose that you feel something brushing against your abdomen. The sensory information would be carried to the spinal cord over a(n) ________ ramus. A) dorsal B) sympathetic C) lateral D) ventral E) ascending

D) ventral

) Identify the structure labeled "2." A) ventral root B) dorsal ramus C) spinal nerve D) ventral ramus E) white ramus

D) ventral ramus

27) Nerve tracts or fasciculi make up the A) central canal. B) posterior gray horns. C) gray commissures. D) white columns. E) anterior gray horns.

D) white columns

Where do somatic motor neurons reside? A) 10 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14 E) 15

E) 15

Which of the following is true regarding an epidural block? A) It is commonly used as a method of pain control during labor and delivery. B) It affects only the spinal nerves in the immediate area of the injection. C) It can provide sensory and motor anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected. D) It can provide mainly sensory anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct

14) In meningitis, A) inflammation of the meninges occurs. B) bacteria can be the cause. C) viruses can be the cause. D) CSF flow can be disrupted. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) all of the above

The specific strip of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a A) rootlet. B) ramus. C) meninx. D) ganglion. E) dermatome.

E) dermatome

Identify the structure labeled "1." A) anterior white column B) lateral white column C) lateral white horn D) median commissure E) posterior white column

E) posterior white column

) If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, A) output to skeletal muscles would be blocked. B) output to visceral organs would be blocked. C) the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level. D) the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord. E) sensory input would be blocked.

E) sensory input would be blocked

________ reflexes activate skeletal muscles. A) Involuntary B) Cranial C) Spinal D) Autonomic E) Somatic

E) somatic

Blood vessels traveling within the ________ space deliver oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord. A) dura mater B) central C) epidural D) subdural E) subarachnoid

E) subarachnoid

Postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system that innervate internal organs are A) dorsal rami. B) ventral rami. C) white rami. D) gray rami. E) sympathetic nerves.

E) sympathetic nerves

the ventral root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) cell bodies of motor neurons. D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. E) interneurons.

axons of motor neurons

2) The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support to the spinal cord as a component of the coccygeal ligament. A) conus medullaris B) filum terminale C) cauda equina D) dorsal root E) ventral root

b) filum terminale

In an adult, the conus medullaris is found at about A) T6. B) T10. C) L1. D) L5. E) C1.

c) L1

Spinal nerves are A) purely sensory. B) purely motor. C) both sensory and motor. D) interneuronal. E) involuntary

c) both sensory and motor

The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the A) arachnoid. B) pia mater. C) dura mater. D) epidural block. E) periosteum.

c) dura mater

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the A) cranial meninges. B) cranial mater. C) spinal meninges. D) spinal mater. E) epidural membranes

c) spinal meninges

The subdural space lies between A) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. B) the pia mater and the dura mater. C) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. D) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space. E) the endosteum and the periosteum.

c) the dura mater and the arachnoid

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a A) cervical enlargement. B) lumbar enlargement. C) spinal nerve. D) spinal meninx. E) spinal ganglion.

c)spinal nerve

1) The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system. A) peripheral B) somatic C) central D) autonomic E) afferent

c. central

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the A) dura mater. B) arachnoid mater. C) epidural space. D) subarachnoid space. E) cerebral ventricles.

d) subarachnoid space