Anatomy Chapter 17 blood

Hepatocytes

"Liver cell" Synthesize most of the plasma proteins. Albumin (54% plasma proteins, globulins (38%), fibrinogen

Hemolysis

(Rupture) of the RBCs in the donated blood

Urobilin

(Yellow pigment) and excreted in urine, and eliminated in feces as stercobilin (brown pigment)

Basophils

0%

Eosinophils

2 %

Lymphocytes

30%

What is the normal hematocrit for both male and female?

42% female 47% male

What is the total blood volume in an average adult?

5-6 Liters

Monocytes

8%

CBC with "diff"

A differential white blood cell count, used to detect infection or inflammation, determine the effects of possible poisoning by chemicals or drugs, monitor blood disorders such as leukemia and effects of chemotherapy, or detect allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

Erythropoietin/ EPO

A kidney hormone which increase the number of RBCs precursors

What causes the symptoms of hemolytic disease in newborns?

Anti-Rh antibodies produced by the mother pass the placenta into the bloodstream of the fetus

RBCs/ erythrocytes

Are bi concave discs with a diameter of 7-8 micrometer.

Reticulocytes

Are mature RBCs which develops into mature red blood cells within 1 to 2 days after their release from red bone marrow.

What size and shape are erythrocytes

Bi concave shaped, 7-8 micrometer

Platelets

Cell fragments that help stop bleeding

Pluripotent stem cell

Cell that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells

Agglutination

Clumping of RBCs and viable to the naked eye

RBCs / erythrocytes

Contains about 280 million hemoglobin molecules

RBCs/ erythrocytes

Contains oxygen carrying protein hemoglobin

Bilirubin

Enters the blood , transported to the liver, secreted into bile, passes into the small small and then large intestine, and and is the converted by bacteria into urobilin

What is a normal range hematocrit for female/ male

Female- 42% Male - 47%

What is the normal range for the number of erythrocytes?

Females 42% Males 47 %

What is the name given to the percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs ?

Hematocrit

Anemia

Is lower than normal RBCs

Clot reaction

Is the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot,allows permanent repair of the blood vessel

Hematocrit

Is the percentage in total blood volume occupied by RBCs

Buffy Coat

Layer between the packed red blood cell (RBC) and plasma in centrifuges blood. (WBC)

What is blood

Liquid connective tissue composed of liquid matrix called plasma. Blood is slightly alkalin.

Thrombopoietin/ TPO

Liver hormone which stimulate formation of platelets ( thrombocytes from megakaryocytes)

RBCs / erythrocytes

Lives about 120 days

what is the average volume of blood in a healthy adult?

Male -5-6L (1.2 gal) Female - 4-5L

Neutrophils

Most abundant of the WBCs (60%)

What do pluripotent stem cells produce?

Myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells

What cause the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

Pathway occur rapidly

Polycythemia

Percentage of RBCs abnormally high

Hematocrit ( blood fraction)

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cell that transports oxygen

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Release oxygen, which diffuses into the interstitial fluid and then into cells

Name two organs that destroy worn-out RBCs

Spleen Liver

Buffy coat

Thin whitish layer that contains leukocytes

What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

Thrombus- clot it self Embolus- may be a blood clot, a bubble of air, fat from broke bone, or a piece of debris transported by the blood stream.

What antibody does types AB blood contain?

Type AB people are sometime called universal recipients, they can receive blood from any donors of all four blood types.Types AB do not have antibodies to attack A or B antigens on donated RBCs. They are able to accept types A, B, AB and O blood.

What is the universal donor and why? The universal recipient?

Type O they can donate blood to all four A,B,O. Type O can only receive type O blood.

Biliverdin

When iron is removed from heme, the non-iron portion of heme is converted

Leukocytes

White blood that protect the body

Centrifuge erythrocytes "RBC"

~ 45% whole blood

Distribution functions of blood includes:

~ Delivering oxygen for the lungs and nutrients for the digestive tract to all body cells. ~ transporting metabolic waste product from cells to elimination site to the lung to carbon dioxide, and to the kidney to dispose of nitrogenous waste in urine. ~ Transport hormones from the endocrine organs to their target organs.

What are the functions of blood?

~ Distribution ~ Regulation ~ protection

Protective functions of blood includes:

~ Preventing blood loss ~ preventing infection

List the plasma proteins and describe the function?

~ albumin -54% of plasma protein smallest and most abundant. ~globulin- 38% hepatocytes and by plasma cells, which develop from B lymphocytes and help attack viruses and bacteria. Fibrinogen-7% produced by the live, creates crib in threads for clotting of blood.

Which of the three formed elements are not true cells?

~ erythrocytes - no nuclei -no organelle ~ platelets ( cell fragments)

What are the formed elements of blood

~ erythrocytes RBCs ~ leukocytes WBCs ~ Platelets cell fragments

Centrifuge Buffy coat "WBC"

~ leukocytes "WBCs" ~ platelets (thrombocytes)

Regulatory functions of blood include:

~ maintaining an appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body and to the skin surface to encourage heat loss. ~ maintain normal pH in body tissues. ~ Maintain adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system.

What is bloods formed element?

~ slightly alkaline ~ ph 7.35 - 7.45

Centrifuge plasma

~55% of whole blood ~least dense ~albumin ~fibrinogen-scab belong in blood stream not urine