anatomy chapter 5

acne

the condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

quite elastic

the hypodermis is

oils; lipid-soluble solvents

Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can be carried across the plasma membranes of the epidermal cells

fibrin

During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response

granulation tissue

During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called

abrasion

A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n)

first-degree

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________

keloid

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________

hair matrix

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure

apocrine

In other mammals, the ________ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication

ultraviolet radiation

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________

mammary

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands

controlling blood flow to the dermis and epidermis

Nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in

dermal papillae

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called ________

reticular

The ________ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin

cutaneous

The blood supply to the skin arises from a network of blood vessels called the ________ plexus in the hypodermis, at its border with the reticular layer of the dermis

stratum granulosum

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the

cuticle

The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the

apocrine

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands

dermis

The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the

Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the

Melanocytes

The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from

Body

The nail _________ covers the nail bed

Melanin

The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of __________ production

Lunula

The pale crescent area of the nail is called the

Prevent damage to the tissue

The reticular layer's collagen fibers directly provides function to

Carotene

The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup

Areolar and adipose tissues

The subcutaneous layer consists of

Third-degree burn

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)

Epidermis

The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following

Palms

Thick skin can be found on the

Epidermis

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the

Hemidesmosomes

Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane

Evaporation

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body

is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin

Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands

Keratin

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called ________

Cutaneous

The skin is also called the ________ membrane

can slowly increase melanocyte activity

exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

merocrine sweat glands

hair root

part of the hair enclosed in the follicle

papillary layer

part of the hair projecting from the skin surface

a function is that it provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

What function of hair is associated with a nerve fiber

It protects DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation

What is the function of melanin

The blood supply to the skin decreases

When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis

"Goosebumps" are formed

When the arrector pili muscles contract

Dilating blood vessels

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly

Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person

Basal cell carcinoma

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cance

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane

increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis

Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

medulla

central core of each hair

matrix

divides to form hair cells

regulating body temperature

functions of the skin include

ceruminous

glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called _________ glands

cuticle

in a hair, the outermost single layer of cells that overlap one another like shingles is called the ________

melanin

in albinism, _________ is lacking

stratum basale

the deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the __________

dense irregular connective

the dermis is composed largely of __________

stratum corneum

the layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the

holocrine

the lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion

lucidum

the skin that covers the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet has an extra layer of epidermis called the stratum _________

it aids in the transport of materials throughout the body

what is a vital function of the skin

s. basale s. spinosum s. granulosum s. lucidum s. corneum

whats the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial) "Bagels Smell Good Like Coffee"

dead keratinized epidermal cells

shafts of hair are comprised of

they die

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,

areolar connective tissue

What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis

dermis

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the

vitamin D3

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight

First-degree

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blister

There are no vital organs in the region

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle

carotene

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow