Anatomy chapter 5

2 types of cutaneous membrane

- Epidermis- outer (or most superficial) part of the skin - Dermis- Just underneath (or deep to) the epidermis

Function of skin

- Protects tissues and organs - Excretes salts, water, and organic waste (glands) - Maintains body temperature - Synthesizes vitamin D3 - Stores lipids - Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

2 kinds of melanin

- eumelanin- black or brown - pheomelanin - reddish

subcutaneous layer functions

- protection - Energy reservoir - thermal insulation

What are the strate layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

- stratum corneum - stratum lucidum - stratum granulosm - stratum spinosum - stratum basale

how many layers of skin can the epidermis have?

4 thin skin or 5 thick skin layers called starta

Extending from the hair follicle to dermal papillae are muscles called

Arrector pili

what structures originate in the dermis and extend through the epidermis?

Hairs, nails, and glands

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the _____ or superficial fascia

Hypodermis

gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production

Melanin

merocrine and apocrine sweat glands use ______ cells to release their accumulated secretions

Myoepithelial

sebaceous glands produce an _____ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface.

Oily

Skin color can be influenced by

blood supply to skin, oxygen level in blood, other blood pigments, lack of melanin

the 3 recognizable zones along the length of a hair are

bulb, root, shaft

The root and shaft of a hair consist of _____ epithelial cells, while the hair bulb contains _____ epithelial cells

dead, living

the dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called

epidermal ridges

Hypodermis

loose connective tissue (adipose, areolar)

what does skin color and pigment depend on?

melanin and carotene

the color of hair is the result of

melanin production

What cells makes up melanin

melanocytes, protects nuclei of keratinocytes from UV radiation

the 2 types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands

merocrine, apocrine

The nail plate covers a layer of epidermis that is called the

nail bed

What 2 types of connective tissue does the dermis have

papillary layer (areolar tissue) and reticular layer (dense irregular tissue)

A type of gland associated with a hair follicle is usually a _____ gland

sebaceous

the secretions of sebaceous glands, called ______ is usually deposited into a ______

sebum, hair follicle

the secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. the secretion of the epidermis sweat glands are carried into

sweat ducts/hair follocles

The skin houses 2 types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and _______ glands

sweat, sebaceous

Carotene

yellow/ orange pigment found in some red, yellow, orange veggies