Anatomy Chapter 8

How many metacarpal bones (long bones) in one hand?

5

trochlea, which articulates with the

ulna bone

The fovea capitis

a minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head that serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur.

The deltoid tuberosity is

a roughened, V-shaped region located on the lateral side in the middle of the humerus shaft. As its name indicates, it is the site of attachment for the deltoid muscle.

interosseous membrane of the forearm (or antebrachial interosseus membrane)

a sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the ulna and radius bones.

styloid process of the ulna

a short bony projection is projecting from the posterior side of the ulnar head. increases concavity to stabilize the wrist.

Calcaneal tendon

aquilles tendon

auricular surface of the ilium

articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint.

Medial and lateral epicondyles are for

attachment points for muscles that act on the forearm, wrist, and hand.

Radius head is disc-shaped and articulates with

capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna.

The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a

carpal bone

We have arches in the foot to prevent

compression of blood vessels and nerves

Superior to the trochlea is the

coronoid fossa, which receives the coronoid process of the ulna

The wrist and base of the hand are formed by a series of

eight small carpal bones

The patella only articulates with the distal end of the

femur

How many metatarsal bones?

five. they are all long bones

The pubis

forms the anterior portion of the hip bone. The pubis curves medially, where it joins to the pubis of the opposite hip bone at a specialized joint called the pubic symphysis.

The ischium

forms the posteroinferior region of each hip bone. It supports the body when sitting.

How many phalanges in foot?

fourteen. all long bones, numbered from hallux to little toe. Hallux lack the middle phalanx

The lesser trochanter

is a small, bony prominence that lies on the medial aspect of the femur, just below the neck. A single, powerful muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter.

The ilium

is the fan-like, superior region that forms the largest part of the hip bone. It is firmly united to the sacrum at the largely immobile sacroiliac joint

The greater trochanter

is the large, upward, bony projection located above the base of the neck. Multiple muscles that act across the hip joint attach to the greater trochanter, which, because of its projection from the femur, gives additional leverage to these muscles. The greater trochanter can be felt just under the skin on the lateral side of your upper thigh.

The superior pubic ramus

is the segment of bone that passes laterally from the pubic body to join the ilium.

The top surface of each condyle is smooth and flattened. These areas articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur to form the

knee joint

The rounded, proximal end is the head of the femur

which articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint.

The posterior and superior portions of the proximal ulna make up the olecranon process

which forms the bony tip of the elbow.

The distal end of the fibula forms the lateral malleolus

which forms the easily palpated bony bump on the lateral side of the ankle. The deep (medial) side of the lateral malleolus articulates with the talus bone of the foot as part of the ankle joint. The distal fibula also articulates with the fibular notch of the tibia.

The small depression on the surface of the head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus as part of the elbow joint, whereas the smooth, outer margin of the head articulates

with the radial notch of the ulna at the proximal radioulnar joint.

This is a common area for fractures of the femur.

neck of the femur.

The large opening in the anteroinferior hip bone between the ischium and pubis is the

obturator foramen. This space is largely filled in by a layer of connective tissue and serves for the attachment of muscles on both its internal and external surfaces.

the posterior humerus has the

olecranon fossa, a larger depression that receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the forearm is fully extended.

The smaller lesser tubercle of the humerus is found

on the anterior aspect of the humerus.

Patella apex (inferior part) has what ligament

patellar ligament

Anteriorly, the smooth surfaces of the condyles join together to form a wide groove called the

patellar surface, which provides for articulation with the patella bone.

The appendicular skeleton consists of the

pectoral and pelvic girdles, the limb bones, and the bones of the hands and feet.

The pectoral girdle is more versatile, while the

pelvic girdle is stronger

The fingers and thumb contain a total of 14 bones, each of which is a

phalanx bone of the hand.

intertubercular groove (sulcus)

provides passage for a tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.

Patella base (superior part) has what tendon

quadriceps tendon

above the capitulum is the

radial fossa, which receives the head of the radius when the elbow is flexed.

neck of the radius is the narrowed region immediately below the expanded head. Inferior to this point on the medial side is the

radial tuberosity, an oval-shaped, bony protuberance that serves as a muscle attachment point for biceps brachii

deltoid tuberoisty on humerus and radial tuberosity on

radius

The capitulum articulates with the

radius bone of the forearm.

4 proximal carpal bones (lateral to medial)

scaphoid ("boat-shaped"), lunate ("moon- shaped"), triquetrum ("three-cornered"), and pisiform ("pea-shaped") bones.

There are how many tarsal bones?

seven. three are proximal and four are distal

The pubis curves medially, where it joins to the pubis of the opposite hip bone at a specialized joint called

the pubic symphysis

Scapular spine acts as an attachment for the

trapezius muscle

Three proximal tarsal bones:

1. Talus: receives weight, it is on the calcaneus. Most superior bone. 2. Calcaneus: Transfers weight to ground - heel (palpate) 3. Navicular: articulates with the distal tarsal bones

The clavicle

1. only horizontal bone in body 2. has three regions: the medial end, the lateral end, and the shaft. 3. Has sternal and acromial (broader and flatter) ends. 4. fractures in middle

Scapula 3 fossa

1. subscapular fossa - ventral side, slides over ribcage 2. Supraspinous fossa 3. infraspinous fossa

How many phalanges in one hand?

14 long bones, numbered from thumb to pinky. Proximal, medial, distal. EXCEPT THUMB! It lacks middle phalanx.

Anatomical vs surgical neck of humerus head

Anatomical neck is constricted to articular surface. Surgical neck is lower and is a common fracture site.

Hip bones from medial view

Illiac fossa, pectineal and arcuate lines, auricular surface and illiac tuberosity

The fibula is the slender bone located on the lateral side of the leg. The fibula does not bear weight.

It serves primarily for muscle attachments and thus is largely surrounded by muscles.

Girdle means

One or more supporting bones, connect limb to trunk

intercondylar fossa

Posteriorly, the medial and lateral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the intercondylar fossa

ischial ramus.

Projecting superiorly and anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity is a narrow segment of bone called the ischial ramus.

The tibial tuberosity is an elevated area on the anterior side of the tibia, near its proximal end.

Serves as attachment site of patellar ligament

Scapula borders

Superior, medial and lateral borders

Acromion

The acromion forms the bony tip of the superior shoulder region and articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint

The Pectoral Girdle

The bones that attach each upper limb to the axial skeleton form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle). This consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle

the slightly curved posterior margin of the ischium above the ischial tuberosity is the lesser sciatic notch.

The bony projection separating the lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.

lateral condyle of the femur.

The distal end of the femur has medial and lateral bony expansions. On the lateral side, the smooth portion that covers the distal and posterior aspects of the lateral expansion is the lateral condyle of the femur.

longest and strongest bone of the body, and accounts for approximately one-quarter of a person's total height.

The femur, or thigh bone, is the single bone of the thigh region

greater sciatic notch

The large, inverted U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the lower ilium is called the

the knee joint

The lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint .

largest sesamoid bone of the body

The patella (kneecap)

The bones of the foot are divided into three groups.

The posterior foot is formed by the seven tarsal bones. The mid-foot has the five metatarsal bones. The toes contain the phalanges.

lateral epicondyle of the femur

The roughened area on the outer, lateral side of the condyle is the lateral epicondyle of the femur.

acetabulum

The three areas of each hip bone, the ilium, pubis, and ischium, converge centrally to form a deep, cup-shaped cavity called the acetabulum

head of the ulna

The small, rounded area that forms the distal end. RADIUS HEAD IS AT PROXIMAL END

radial notch of the ulna

This area is the site of articulation between the proximal radius (head of radius) and the ulna. Allows pronation & supination of the hand

The large expansion found on the medial side of the distal tibia is the medial malleolus ("little hammer").

This forms the large bony bump found on the medial side of the ankle region. Both the smooth surface on the inside of the medial malleolus and the smooth area at the distal end of the tibia articulate with the talus bone of the foot as part of the ankle joint.

linea aspera ("rough line")

This is the roughened ridge that passes distally along the posterior side of the mid-femur. Multiple muscles of the hip and thigh regions make long, thin attachments to the femur along the linea aspera.

The proximal end of the ulna resembles a crescent wrench with its large, C-shaped trochlear notch.

This region articulates with the trochlea of the humerus as part of the elbow joint.

The large, roughened area of the inferior ischium is the ischial tuberosity.

This serves as the attachment for the posterior thigh muscles and also carries the weight of the body when sitting.

ulnar notch of the radius

This shallow depression articulates with the head of the ulna. Allow pronation and supination of hand.

The tibia does not have epicondyles.

True

When hit what nerve makes arm feel numb?

Ulnar nerve, which is next to the medial epicondyle

iliac crest

When you place your hands on your waist, you can feel the arching, superior margin of the ilium along your waistline. Able to palpate it.

The head of humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

Located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus is an expanded bony area called the

greater tubercle

The cuneiforms

have a broad superior surface and a narrow inferior surface, which together produce the transverse (medial-lateral) curvature of the foot.

The head of the fibula is the small, knob-like, proximal end of the fibula. It articulates with the

inferior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint. Does not articulate with femur!!!

coronoid process of the ulna

inferior margin of the trochlear notch is formed by a prominent lip of bone. Also gives stability to the joint.

Two arches in foot

longitudinal and transverse

The sternal end of clavicle articulates with the

manubrium portion of sternum

the smooth region of the distal and posterior medial femur is the

medial condyle of the femur, and the irregular outer, medial side of this is the medial epicondyle of the femur.

The proximal end of the tibia is greatly expanded. The two sides of this expansion form the

medial condyle of the tibia and the lateral condyle of the tibia.

Four distal tarsal bones

medial intermediate and lateral cuneiforms. Cuboid.

the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a

metacarpal bone

The pectoral girdle articulates with the trunk only at the

sternoclavicular joint

Scapula angles

superior, inferior and lateral angles

4 distal carpal bones (lateral to medial) are

trapezium ("table"), trapezoid ("resembles a table"), capitate ("head-shaped"), and hamate ("hooked bone") bones.

coracoid process (coracoid = "shaped like a crow's beak").

the coracoid process is located inferior to the lateral end of the clavicle. It is anchored to the clavicle by a strong ligament, and serves as the attachment site for muscles of the anterior chest and arm.

Trochlea and capitulum of distal humerus form

the elbow joint

The pelvic girdle (hip girdle) is formed by a single bone,

the hip bone or coxal bone (coxal = "hip"), which serves as the attachment point for each lower limb.

Each adult hip bone is formed by three separate bones that fuse together during the late teenage years. These bony components are

the ilium, ischium, and pubis

The inferior pubic ramus extends downward to join

the ischial ramus.

interosseous membrane of the leg,

the sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the tibia and fibula bones.

The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and consists of

the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

The lateral end of the radius has a pointed projection called

the styloid process of the radius. This provides attachment for ligaments that support the lateral side of the wrist joint. Compared to the styloid process of the ulna, the styloid process of the radius projects more distally, thereby limiting the range of movement for lateral deviations of the hand at the wrist joint.

The bony pelvis is the entire structure formed by

the two hip bones, the sacrum, and, attached inferiorly to the sacrum, the coccyx