Anatomy Exam 2

c

A molecule of hemoglobin ________. a. is shaped like a biconcave disk packed almost entirely with iron b. contains four glycoprotein units studded with oxygen c. consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme d. can carry up to 120 molecules of oxygen

Universal recipient

AB+ blood type

c

Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver all branch from the ________. a. superior mesenteric artery b. inferior mesenteric artery c. celiac trunk d. splenic artery

Macrophage

Destroys Erythrocytes at the end of their life cycle (120 days

d

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which ________. a. a type AB mother is carrying a type O fetus b. a type O mother is carrying a type AB fetus c. an Rh+ mother is carrying an Rh− fetus d. an Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus

b

Hydrostatic pressure is ________. a. greater than colloid osmotic pressure at the venous end of the capillary bed b. the pressure exerted by fluid in an enclosed space c. about zero at the midpoint of a capillary bed d. all of the above

Blood

Includes red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and cell fragments called platelets.

Hypoexemia

Low blood oxygen

Universal Donor

O- blood type

c

People with ABO blood type O ________. a. have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes b. lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes c. have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma d. are considered universal recipients

b

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. a. preload b. afterload c. cardiac output d. stroke volume

B

The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________. a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle

Blood

The primary function of ______ is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to and remove wastes from body cells.

c

The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ________. a. sensitization b. coagulation c. agglutination d. hemolysis

c

The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of ________. a. copper b. zinc c. vitamin B12 d. copper, zinc, and vitamin B12

c

The right and left brachiocephalic veins ________. a. drain blood from the right and left internal jugular veins b. drain blood from the right and left subclavian veins c. drain into the superior vena cava d. all of the above are true

a

What happens to preload when there is venous constriction in the veins? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It remains constant. d. There is no way to predict

b

Which of the following best describes veins? a. thick walled, small lumens, low pressure, lack valves b. thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves c. thin walled, small lumens, high pressure, have valves d. thick walled, large lumens, high pressure, lack valves

d

Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood? a. chordae tendineae b. papillary muscles c. AV valves d. endocardium

a

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? a. tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar b. mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar c. aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid d. bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar

c

Which of the following statements about blood is true? a. Blood is about 92 percent water. b. Blood is slightly more acidic than water. c. Blood is slightly more viscous than water. d. Blood is slightly more salty than seawater.

a

Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true? a. It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage. b. It is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. c. It is a hemopoietic growth factor that prompts lymphoid stem cells to leave the bone marrow.

cardiac output

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle during one minute; equals HR multiplied by SV

P wave

corresponds to atrial depolarization

QRS Complex

corresponds to ventricular depolarization

T wave

corresponds to ventricular repolarization.

Antigen

e substances that the body does not recognize as belonging to the "self" and that therefore trigger a defensive response from the leukocytes of the immune system

Platelets

essential for the repair of blood vessels when damage to them has occurred; they also provide growth factors for healing and repair

Erythropoietin

glycoprotein that triggers the bone marrow to produce RBCs; secreted by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels

systolic pressure

h results from ventricular contraction

diastolic pressure

h results from ventricular relaxation

systole

period of time when the heart muscle is contracting

diastole

period of time when the heart muscle is relaxed and the chambers fill with blood

Coagulation

the formation of a blood clot

Hemostasis

the stoppage of blood flow following damage to a vessel.

Fibrin

—an insoluble filamentous protein derived from fibrinogen, the plasma protein introduced earlier—in which platelets and blood cells are trapped

PRELOAD

(also, end diastolic volume) amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of atrial systole just prior to ventricular contraction

a

. The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? a. medulla oblongata b. pons c. mesencephalon (midbrain) d. cerebrum

b

. The coronary arteries branch off of the ________. a. aortic valve b. ascending aorta c. aortic arch d. thoracic aorta

b

8. In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the number 70 is the ________. a. systolic pressure b. diastolic pressure c. pulse pressure d. mean arterial pressure

a

A healthy elastic artery ________. a. is compliant (stretchy) b. reduces blood flow c. is a resistance artery d. has a thin wall and irregular lumen

Hemoglobin

A large molecule made up of proteins and iron

a

In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It remains constant. d. There is no way to predict

d

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected? a. systole b. diastole c. quiescent d. isovolumic contraction

a

The first step in hemostasis is ________. a. vascular spasm b. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin c. activation of the intrinsic pathway d. activation of the common pathway

Anemia

When the number of RBCs or hemoglobin is deficient, the general condition is called

C

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit? a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle

a

Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true? a. They have no nucleus. b. They are packed with mitochondria. c. They survive for an average of 4 days. d. All of the above

b

Which of the following statements is true? a. The longer the vessel, the lower the resistance and the greater the flow. b. As blood volume decreases, blood pressure and blood flow also decrease. c. Increased viscosity increases blood flow. d. All of the above are true.

d

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria? a. P wave b. QRS complex c. T wave d. none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

a

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle? a. mitral b. tricuspid c. pulmonary d. aortic

a

. The endothelium is found in the ________. a. tunica intima b. tunica media c. tunica externa d. lumen

a

The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the ________. a. liver b. hypothalamus c. spleen d. left atrium