Anatomy Exam 2

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons? A) breathing B) hunger C) thirst D) consciousness

A) breathing

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system? A) central and peripheral B) somatic and autonomic C) sensory and motor D) autonomic and sympathetic

A) central and peripheral

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________. A) corpus callosum B) fornix C) pons D) thalamus

A) corpus callosum

The brachial vein ________. A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein

A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation? A) hormonal B) humoral C) neural D) direct gene activation

A) hormonal

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________. A) insulin; glucagon B) glucagon; insulin C) cortisol; glucagon D) epinephrine; cortisol

A) insulin; glucagon

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? A) interneurons (association neurons) B) afferent neurons C) efferent neurons D) bipolar neurons

A) interneurons (association neurons)

What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein? A) liver B) kidney C) pancreas D) large intestine E) brain

A) liver

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________. A) mediastinum B) hiatus C) pleural cavity D) hilus E) diaphragm

A) mediastinum

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary. A) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) cortisol; aldosterone C) growth hormone; prolactin D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin

A) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral ________. A) ramus B) tract C) ganglion D) plexus

A) ramus

What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles? A) somatic B) pupillary C) autonomic D) salivary

A) somatic

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone? A) steroid hormone B) amine hormone C) prostaglandin D) protein hormone E) peptide hormone

A) steroid hormone

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) common iliac vein D) great saphenous vein

A) superior vena cava

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the ________. A) sympathetic nervous system B) cerebrum C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system E) afferent nervous system

A) sympathetic nervous system

What drains capillary beds? A) venules B) venae cavae C) arterioles D) arteries

A) venules

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. A) pulmonary trunk B) aorta C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus

B) aorta

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. A) ventricles; atria B) atria; ventricles C) arteries; veins D) veins; arteries

B) atria; ventricles

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________. A) concussion B) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke C) contusion D) cerebral edema

B) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) subarachnoid space B) corpus callosum C) cerebral aqueduct D) fourth ventricle E) lateral ventricles

B) corpus callosum

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________. A) cerebellum B) diencephalon interbrain C) brain stem D) cerebrum

B) diencephalon interbrain

Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve contains sensory nerves only? A) ventral root B) dorsal root ganglion C) mixed nerves D) ventral ramus E) dorsal ramus

B) dorsal root ganglion

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland. A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) catecholamines

B) glucocorticoids

Cardiac output is the product of which two variables? A) heart rate and blood pressure B) heart rate and stroke volume C) contraction and relaxation D) diastole and systole E) blood pressure and peripheral resistance

B) heart rate and stroke volume

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. This mechanism operates by a ________. A) hormonal stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) neural stimulus D) messenger stimulus E) steroid stimulus

B) humoral stimulus

All four heart valves are briefly closed as pressure begins to rise in the ventricles, a phase known as ________. A) atrial systole B) isovolumetric contraction C) ventricular systole D) ventricular diastole E) atrial diastole

B) isovolumetric contraction

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. A) left atrium B) left ventricle C) right atrium D) right ventricle

B) left ventricle

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________. A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) midbrain D) cerebrum E) hypothalamus

B) medulla oblongata

What is the muscular layer of the heart wall? A) epicardium B) myocardium C) fibrous pericardium D) endocardium

B) myocardium

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland. A) follicle B) parafollicular C) beta D) alpha

B) parafollicular

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a ________. A) cardiac output B) pulse C) pressure point D) stroke volume

B) pulse

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc? A) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor B) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector C) effector, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, receptor D) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, effector E) receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, integration center, effector

B) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________. A) cortisone B) renin C) cortisol D) vasopressin E) angiotensin II

B) renin

A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the ________. A) cerebrum B) reticular activating system (RAS) C) pineal gland D) limbic system E) cerebellum

B) reticular activating system (RAS)

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. A) right atrium and left atrium B) right atrium and right ventricle C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery D) left ventricle and aorta E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

B) right atrium and right ventricle

Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart? A) Purkinje fibers B) sinoatrial (SA) node C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) D) atrioventricular (AV) node

B) sinoatrial (SA) node

What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat? A) heart rate (HR) B) stroke volume (SV) C) cardiac output (CO) D) blood pressure (BP)

B) stroke volume (SV)

Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain? A) brain stem B) ventral ramus C) diencephalon D) cerebrum E) cerebellum

B) ventral ramus

The normal resting heart rate is about ________ times per minute. A) 35 B) 50 C) 75 D) 105

C) 75

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS? A) satellite cells B) ependymal cells C) Schwann cells D) microglial cells

C) Schwann cells

Select the statement that best describes the function of tropic hormones. A) Tropic hormones stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones. B) Tropic hormones stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones. C) Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. D) Tropic hormones stimulate nervous tissue to produce neurotransmitters. E) Tropic hormones stimulate production of prostaglandins.

C) Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. A) base B) mediastinum C) apex D) pericardium

C) apex

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. A) semilunar B) pulmonary C) atrioventricular (AV) D) aortic

C) atrioventricular (AV)

Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron? A) somatic B) central C) autonomic D) skeletal E) sensory

C) autonomic

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________. A) diencephalon B) hypothalamus C) brain stem D) pineal gland E) cerebellum

C) brain stem

Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with ________. A) footdrop B) clawhand C) breathing

C) breathing

Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) veins E) venules

C) capillaries

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta? A) splenic artery B) superior mesenteric artery C) celiac trunk D) femoral artery E) hepatic artery

C) celiac trunk

Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) coronary arteries D) venae cavae

C) coronary arteries

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. A) myocardium B) endocardium C) epicardium D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium E) either endocardium or epicardium

C) epicardium

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________. A) luteinizing hormone (LH) B) prolactin (PRL) C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) glucagon E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________. A) medulla oblongata B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) thalamus E) cerebrum

C) hypothalamus

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle? A) thymosin B) cortisol C) melatonin D) aldosterone

C) melatonin

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________. A) ventricles B) arachnoid villi C) meninges

C) meninges

Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged? A) afferent neurons B) sensory neuron C) motor neuron D) axon terminals

C) motor neuron

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division? A) somatic B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) afferent

C) parasympathetic

The ________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers. A) epineurium B) endoneurium C) perineurium D) perimysium

C) perineurium

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts? A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormones B) growth hormone (GH) and glucagon C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormones E) prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. A) systemic B) cardiac C) pulmonary D) coronary

C) pulmonary

What do the ventral roots and dorsal roots fuse to form? A) the dorsal root ganglion B) medulla oblongata C) spinal nerves D) the spinal cord E) central canal

C) spinal nerves

Which term means heart contraction? A) diastole B) tachycardia C) systole D) fibrillation

C) systole

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex? A) pons B) pituitary gland C) thalamus D) hypothalamus

C) thalamus

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. A) tunics B) sphincters C) valves D) shunts

C) valves

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? A) veins B) capillaries C) venae cavae D) arteries E) arterioles

C) venae cavae

The spinal cord terminates by vertebra ________. A) C7 B) T3 C) T9 D) L3 E) S4

D) L3

Which of the following is a potent stimulator of aldosterone release? A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) angiotensin II

D) angiotensin II

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary? A) prolactin (PRL) B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart? A) bicuspid (mitral) valve B) tricuspid valve C) pulmonary semilunar valve D) aortic semilunar valve

D) aortic semilunar valve

Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area? A) inability to form complex memories B) inability to say words properly C) inability to recognize patterns and faces D) inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles E) inability to involuntarily move smooth muscles

D) inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles

57) Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels? A) glucocorticoids B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D) insulin E) glucagon

D) insulin

Cerebrospinal fluid ________. A) is secreted by the arachnoid villi B) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space C) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles D) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses E) is identical in composition to whole blood

D) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins. A) systemic B) hepatic C) coronary D) pulmonary

D) pulmonary

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch? A) brachiocephalic artery B) left subclavian artery C) left common carotid artery D) right common carotid artery E) thoracic aorta

D) right common carotid artery

What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)? A) adrenal B) pineal C) pituitary D) thyroid

D) thyroid

The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called ________. A) prolactin (PRL) B) growth hormone (GH) C) adrenaline D) thyroid hormone

D) thyroid hormone

How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain? A) three B) five C) seven D) twelve E) eighteen

D) twelve

What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities? A) glossopharyngeal B) oculomotor C) vestibulocochlear D) vagus

D) vagus

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________. A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges? A) pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater B) pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater C) arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater D) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater E) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

E) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla? A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) cortisone D) glucocorticoids E) epinephrine (adrenaline)

E) epinephrine (adrenaline)

Where are the parathyroid glands located? A) on top of the kidneys B) directly below the Adam's apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) posterior surface of the thyroid gland

E) posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) coronary sinus D) pulmonary artery E) pulmonary vein

E) pulmonary vein

True or False Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine

True

True or False Aldosterone release is prevented by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone released by the heart

True

True or False Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.

True

True or False From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

True

True or False Glucagon acts as an antagonist (opposite) to insulin

True

True or False Hormones only affect certain tissue cells or organs known as target cells or target organs

True

True or False Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

True

True or False Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output.

True

True or False The adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue

True

True or False The aorta is the largest artery in the body and the different parts are known as the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.

True

True or False The collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the cauda equina

True

True or False The heart is enclosed by three membranes: an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous membrane pair

True

True or False The ventral and dorsi rami of each spinal nerve contain both sensory and motor nerves

True

True or False When precapillary sphincters are contracted and closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells in that region.

True

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

True or False Antidiuretic hormone promotes both sodium and water retention

False

True or False Glucocorticoids regulate both water and salt content of the blood

False

True or False Releasing and inhibiting hormones made by the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary.

False