Anatomy final
_____ (or motor) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____ (muscles or glands)
efferent, central nervous system, effectors
Which of the following is not a type of loose connective tissue
elastic tissue
the inferior extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx is called the __
filum terminale
the connective tissue sheet that envelopes bone and is attached to its outer surface is called
periosteum
the transverse fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
true
the volume of blood in an average male is 5-6 liters
true
there are two brachiocephalic veins, but only one brachiocephalic artery
true
upon inspiration, the volume of the lungs increases
true
The patellar region is superior to the femoral region
False
which of the following membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the exterior
serous membranes
afferent neurons transmit impulses from the periphery to the CNS
true
two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and move the mandible from side to side are
2, 3 (medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid)
what is the correct route that a drop of blood would follow as it flows through the following vessels?
2,1,3,5,4,6 (palmar venous arch, ulnar vein, brachial vein, axillary vein, subclavian vein, brachiocephalic vein)
there are four valves in the heart; what is the correct order in which blood flows through these valves, starting in the right atrium?
2,3,1,4 - tricuspid - pulmonary semilunar - bicuspid - aortic semilunar
in what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted?
2,5,4,1,3 (tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window)
capillaries receive blood directly from which of the following?
arterioles
which of the following would be considered resistance vessels?
arterioles
the dorsal root ganglion contains
cell bodies of sensory neurons
walking on the toes is
plantar flexion
a synapse is a functional junction between
(all of these choices); two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell
the average heart cycle lasts how long?
.8 seconds
the branches of the arch of the aorta, in correct order, are:
1,2,3 (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian)
the cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are
1,2,3 (facial VIII nerve, vagus X nerve, glossopharyngeal IX nerve)
which of the following vessels deliver blood to the right atrium?
1,2,4 only - superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - coronary sinus
when compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons
1,3,4 (are electrically insulated, have a faster speed of nerve impulse conduction, are more numerous)
functions of the nose include
1,3,4,5 only - olfactory (smell) reception - filtration of incoming air - warning of incoming air - moistening of incoming air
inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve?
1,3,5 (trochlear IV, oculomotor III, abducens VI)
the number of phalanges in one hand is
14
the average blood pH is
7.35-7.45
the axial skeleton is made up of which of the following bones?
B&C (vertebrae and sacrum)
which of the following vertebrae could possibly be illustrated in the diagram
C3
which of the following would most likely have a bifid spinous process?
C6
which of the following is the correct answer? a. bronchi, bronchioles alveoli, alveolar ducts b. bronchioles, bronchi, alveolar ducts, alveoli c. alveoli, alveolar ducts, bronchi, bronchioles d. bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli e. bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli, alveolar ducts
D
Areolar connective tissue forms the stroma of organs such as the spleen
False
Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of cube shaped cells
False
the area that contains no thin filaments is known as the
H zone
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has one layer of cells
True
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
True
The main type of lipids in the plasma membrane are phospholipids
True
bringing a bone back toward the midline of the body
adduction
which of the following must occur for air to enter the lungs during inhalation (inspiration)?
all of these; -the principle muscles of inhalation (inspiration) contract -the volume of the lungs increase -the pressure in the lungs falls below atmospheric pressure
In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face
anteriorly
what term means programmed cell death that is orderly and doesn't damage surrounding cells
apoptosis
what does the letter "A" stand for in the American Cancer Society's ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma
asymmetrical
If you penetrated the skin on the palm of your hand with a pin, which stratum would you penetrate last
basale
the thenar eminence is located at the
base of the thumb
when the diaphragm contracts, it
becomes flatter
which of the following muscles is a synergist to the biceps brachii
brachialis
the CNS contains which of the following
brain and spinal cord
Which of the following forms the mitotic spindle?
centrioles
in the circulation of CSF , where would it go immediately after leaving after leaving the third ventricle
cerebral (midbrain) aqueduct
how is blood prevented from backing up into the left atrium from the left ventricle?
closing the mitral valve
the corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains _____ tracts
commisural
The four basic types of tissues in the body are
connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial
which is a function of the vestibulocochlear VIII nerve
conveys impulses associated associated with hearing and equalibrium
which is a function of the facial VII nerve
conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
which is a function of the accessory XI nerve?
conveys motor impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
which of the following would best describe the pathway of light through the eye
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
the crossing over of motor axons to activate muscle of the opposite side of the body in relationship to the cerebral cortex occurs at which of the following regions
decussation of the pyramids
Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton?
desmosomes
which of the following joints has the most movement
diarthrosis
the patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the _____end of ____.
distal,femur
which of the following is not a type of fiber typically found in the ground substance of connective tissue
epithelial fibers
loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?
facial VII
A patient lying face down is said to be in the supine position
false
Active bone cells which produce matrix are known as osteocytes
false
Blood is heavier, thicker, and less viscous than water
false
Epithelial tissues are highly vascularized
false
Hyaline cartilage is the strongest type of cartilage
false
Phagocytosis means "cell drinking"
false
The two principle layers of skin are the dermis and the hypodermis
false
a bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium
false
a person with type O blood can receive blood from type A or type B blood
false
all of the fontanelles are closed by 20 months
false
an example of a synarthrosis is the knee joint
false
blood type AB is considered the universal donor
false
chordae tendineae assist the cusps of the semilunar valves in preventing backflow of blood
false
cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system
false
elastic cartilage is found in the fetal skeleton and in the nose
false
following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if a bone tissue is injured
false
ganglia are small masses of nervous tissue (usually neuronal cell bodies that are located) inside of the CNS
false
in an isometric contraction, the muscle shortens
false
increased intraoccular pressure is referred to as cataracts
false
neurons that originate in the central nervous system and that function to carry information to smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle are sensory (efferent) neurons
false
olfactory receptor cells are unipolar neurons
false
post capillary sphincters regulate blood flow to capillaries
false
pressure within the lungs increases with inspiration
false
the ABO blood typing system is used to classify mature red blood cells based upon the different types of cholesterol found in the plasma membrane
false
the coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood
false
the coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood back to the right atrium
false
the denticulate ligaments and the cauda equina are both structures that help to anchor the spinal cord and protect it against sudden displacement
false
the fossa ovalis is a thin spot or depression in the interventricular septum
false
the hamstrings act to flex the thigh
false
the letter L in SLUDD responses stands for lactation
false
the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the occipital bone
false
the most abundant white blood cells are lymphocytes
false
the mucous membrane lining the inner aspect of the eyelids is the bulbar conjunctiva
false
the nasal septum consists of septal cartilage plus portions of the maxillae and vomer
false
the right ventricle has a thicker wall than the left ventricle
false
the sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the occipital bone
false
the trachea extends down to the level of T-6 before it becomes the R & L primary bronchi
false
the umbilical veins in the fetus become the medial umbilical ligaments
false
the vestibular apparatus consists of the organs responsible for hearing and equilibrium
false
of the various types of skeletal muscles fibers, the type that produces the most power is
fast glycolytic fibers
what type of cell in areolar connective tissue is responsible for producing the fibers found in the intercellular ground substance
fibroblast
a _____ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord
ganglion
which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina
ganglion cell
This type of cell junction would be found between cardiac cells allowing for the passage of an electrical from one cell to another
gap junctions
Using the following directional terms, decide which structure OF THE SCAPULA is being described; lateral to the spine, inferior to the acromion; posterior to the coracoid process; proximal to the head of the humerus
glenoid cavity
what muscle extends the thigh
gluteus maximus
which of the following is not a tarsal bone?
hamate
which of the following cell membrane junction adheres the cell to the basement membrane
hemidesmosomes
which of the following is a part of the celiac trunk?
hepatic artery
the gastric, pancreatic, and splenic veins are part of the
hepatic portal circulation
which of the following is a characteristic of red muscle fibers (and gives them their color)
high myoglobin concentration
what 3 parts fuse to make the acetabulum
ilium, ischium, pubis
which of the following does NOT form part of the nasal spetum?
inferior nasal conchae
which of the following is not a part of the ethmoid bone
inferior nasal conchae
what muscle laterally rotates the arm
infraspinatus
if a part of the name of a muscle is magnus, it means that the muscle
is the largest group of similar muscles
Which stratum is not found in the epidermis of the scalp?
lucidum
What term means a yellow tint to the skin and is considered abnormal
jaundice
synovial membranes are associated with the
joints
moving the spine to the left or the right is
lateral flexion
the ductus venosus becomes the _____ after birth
ligamentum venosum
what muscle abducts the arm
subraspinatus
Which organelle in the cell if often referred to as a "suicide sac"?
lysosome
the prime movers of jaw closure and biting are the
masseter and temporalis muscle
the pectoralis minor muscle
may originate from ribs 3 to 5
which of the following terms means toward the midline of the body?
medial
which of the following is true of the tibia
medial malleolous at the distal end
the regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the
medulla and pons
in what part of the brain would you find the oval shaped swellings called olives?
medulla oblongata
in what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?
midbrain
the brain stem consists of the following from superior to inferior
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
cranial nerve IV is
motor for eye movement
back of the head
occipital
what muscle medially rotates the arm
subscapularis
movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand is
opposition
which muscle below closes the eye, as in winking
orbicularis oculi
osteocytes are mature bone cells that develop directly from
osteoblasts
Cananiculi allows nutrients to diffuse to these mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon
osteocytes
which best describes the maxilla bone?
palatine process forms most of the hard palate
the postcentral gyrus is in the _____ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary _____area
parietal, somatosensory
which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones
pisiform
regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched
platys-circular
Which of the following is the anatomical term for the back of the knee?
popliteal
which of the following is not an example of neuroglia found in the CNS
schwann cells
what muscle flexes the leg
semitendinosus
cranial nerve I is
sensory for olfaction
The inability to secrete mucous and absorb digested nutrients might indicate a disorder in which tissue
simple columnar epithelium
which of the following could serve as an effector for a somatic reflex
skeletal muscle
of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers most resistant to fatigue are
slow oxidative fibers
what muscle deals with plantarflexion
soleus
which of the following convey information from the CNS to skeletal muscles only
somatic motor neurons
depression of the clavicle is accomplished by the contraction of the
subclavius
What term best describes the position of the nose as compared to the lips?
superior
Cutting a transverse section through the body separates the
superior and inferior portions of the body
the action that moves the palm of the hand into the anatomical position is
supination
During what stage of mitosis is the cleavage furrow first evident?
telophase
what muscle laterally rotates the arm (not infraspinatus)
teres minor
which of the following would be considered a conducting zone structure?
terminal bronchioles
the tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations
that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli
which of the following is false
the body of a vertebrae forms the posterior surface of the vertebral column
CSF circulates in the ventricles of the brain and in the sub-arachnoid space outside the brain
true
Development of blisters following exposure of skin to heat is indicative of a second-degree burn.
true
which of the following are true about the bronchi?
there are three right secondary bronchi
which cartilage is also known as the adam's apple
thyroid cartilage
Mast cells are the cells primarily responsible for the production of histamines
true
what muscle deals with dorsiflexion
tibialis anterior
using the following directional terms, decide which bone is being described; proximal to metacarpal I, distal to the scaphoid bone, and lateral to the trapezoid bone
trapezium
which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system
triglyceride storage
an examination of the wall of the airways in the bronchial tree from bronchi to alveoli would reveal that cartilage decreases in quantity and disappears, while the amount of smooth muscle increases
true
descending tracts carry sensory information away from the brain
true
epimysium surrounds the belly of skeletal muscles
true
epinephrine and norepinephrine are both produced by the adrenal cortex
true
epithelial tissue is found on surfaces
true
growth of a bone in length is known as interstitial growth
true
in the limbs, the insertion of a muscles is almost always distal to the origin
true
paralysis of the muscles of mastication may be an indication of damage to the trigeminal (V) cranial nerve
true
pericardial fluid is located in a space external (superficial) to the visceral pericardium
true
primary officiation proceeds from the external surfaces inwards; secondary ossification proceeds from the interior outward toward the external surface of a bone
true
sympathetic preganglionic neurons are typically shorter than parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
true
the Z disks, sometimes referred to as Z lines, define each sarcomere at both ends
true
the apex of the heart points at the left hip
true
the auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve is a sensory nerve
true
the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is classified as a subdivision of the PNS
true
the biceps brachii inserts into the radius
true
the bony labyrinth contains perilymph; the membranous labyrinth contains endolymph
true
the capitulum of the humerus is lateral to the trochlea
true
the cardiac notch is a feature of the left lung
true
the cervical curve is the secondary curve
true
the coronary sinus drains the heart wall
true
the digestive system is drained by the hepatic portal system
true
the false pelvis is superior to the true pelvis
true
the filum terminale is an extension of the pia mater
true
the inner layer of the heart is the endocardium
true
the maxillae articulate with every facial bone except the mandible
true
the most common type of lever systems in the body are third class levers
true
the organ for hearing is located in the cochlea
true
the principal muscles of inhilation (inspiration) are the diaphragm and the external intercostals
true
the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles both invert the foot
true
the trachea is supported by C-Shaped rings that have the open side on the posterior aspect of the trachea
true
thick filaments are composed of the protein myosin
true
the main function of rods is
vision in dim light
what part of the radius articulates with the head of the ulna?
ulnar notch
contraction of smooth muscle in the vessel wall produces _____ which is a _____ in the diameter of the vessel lumen
vasoconstriction; decrease
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement "the victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region"
was struck on the chin
In which of the following zones would you find the largest chondrocytes?
zone of hypertropic cartilage
