Anatomy Final-Eye

Hydrophilic

(peptides or polypeptides): Transported as: Free Hormone Short ½ life Synthesized/stored on: ER & Golgi Secreted by Exocytosis Bind surface receptors, short-term effects

Tunica fibrosa

(white of the eye) -divided into two regions, the sclera & cornea -composed mainly of very compact layers of collagen and thin flat fibroblasts -covered by a thin stratified squamous epithelium anteriorly and a simple squamous epithelium posteriorly.

Hormones mediate cell-cell communication

-Endocrine signaling -Paracrine signaling -Autocrine signaling -signaling by plasma membrane-attached proteins

Ora serrata retinae

-It is the area where the retina transitions from a non-photosensitive area to a multi-layered photosensitive region. -One of the main functions of the ora serrata is to secrete the aqueous humour to provide nutrients to the internal structures of the eye.

Macula lutea

-When the gaze is fixed on any object, the centre of the macula, the centre of the lens, and the object are in a straight line.

scleral venous sinus

-a circular channel in the eye that collects aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream via the anterior ciliary veins.

tunica vasculosa

-choroid, ciliary body, and iris

fovea centralis

-is a part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina. -The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), necessary for activities where visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving. -Cones packed closer together in the fovea Blood vessels and nerve fibers go around the fovea so light has a direct path to the photoreceptors.

optic disc

-location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. -There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called "the blind spot" or the "physiological blind spot". --- -The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve (second cranial nerve) and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together.

tunica interna

-retina, which internally lines the posterior two-thirds of the eyeball

Hormone Synthesis and Transport 101

1.Lipophilic 2.Hydrophilic

Tunics

1.Tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) -Sclera -Cornea 2. Tunica vasculosa (vascular layer) -choroid, ciliary body, and iris 3. Tunica interna (inner layer) -Retina

Eye disease:Cataracts

Opacity of the lens (47.9%),

Lipophilic

Transported as: Lipoprotein Syntheized/stored in:Cytosolic, secreted by diffusion Need carriers; -albumin -corticosteroid- binding protein -thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) Long ½ life -Bind nuclear receptors -Long-term developmental effects Thyroid hormones, Corticosteroids, Mineralcorticoids: aldosterone, Glucocorticoids: cortisol,, corticosterone Sex steroids: F: estrogen, progesterone M: androstedione, DHEA, testosterone

aqueous humor

a serous fluid secreted by the ciliary processes into a space between the iris and lens

Eye disease:Glaucoma

degeneration of optic nerve caused by increased intraocular pressure(12.3%)

Eye disease: Macular degeneration

detachment of retina caused by: 1) Cellular debris accumulating between the retina and thebchoroid 2)Blood vessels growing up from the choroid behind the retina

choroid

is a highly vascular,deeply pigmented layer of tissue behind the retina