Anatomy II Chapters 18 & 21

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, which number indicates the layer containing water, plasma proteins, nutrients, and waste products? Question options: 1 2 3 None of the numbers indicate that component of blood.

1

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin? Question options: 2 4 6 8 16

4

Typically, an adult's body contains _______ of blood. Question options: 1 liter 5 liters 10 liters 15 liters

5 liters

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine? Question options: Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Neutrophil Monocyte

Basophil

Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck? Question options: Inguinal lymph nodes Cervical lymph nodes Thoracic lymph nodes Axillary lymph nodes Abdominal lymph nodes

Cervical lymph nodes

Which of the lymphatic trunks drain into the cisterna chyli? Question options: Intestinal trunks Lumbar trunks Intestinal trunks and lumbar trunks Subclavian trunks and jugular trunks Bronchomediastinal trunks and intestinal trunks

Intestinal trunks and lumbar trunks

In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located? Question options: Left upper quadrant Right upper quadrant Left lower quadrant Right lower quadrant

Left upper quadrant

The growth factor that increases the formation of erythrocytes, all classes of granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets from myeloid stem cells is Question options: EPO. M-CSF. G-CSF. Multi-CSF. GM-CSF.

Multi-CSF.

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes? Question options: Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Neutrophils Monocytes

Neutrophils

Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting? Question options: Factor III combines with factor VII. Factor XII converts inactive factor XI to active factor XI. Prothrombin is activated to thrombin. Calcium combines with factor IX.

Prothrombin is activated to thrombin.

Which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream? Question options: Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - right subclavian vein Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein Right lumbar trunk - right intestinal trunk - right lymphatic duct - right subclavian vein Right femoral trunk - right lumbar trunk - right lymphatic duct - superior vena cava Right femoral trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein

Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein

Which clotting pathway involves more steps and takes more time (approximately 5 minutes)? Question options: The intrinsic pathway The extrinsic pathway

The intrinsic pathway

Where do T-lymphocytes mature? Question options: Spleen White bone marrow Tonsils Thymus gland Thyroid gland

Thymus gland

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones? Question options: Regulation Protection Prevention Transportation

Transportation

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes Question options: a, b, c a, b, e b, c, e b, c, d c

a, b, e

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) a: The heme group is converted into biliverdin. b: Bilirubin is placed in long-term storage in the liver. c: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed. d: The iron ions are stored in the liver. e: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow. f: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused. g: The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted unchanged via the digestive tract. Question options: a, b, c, e, f a, c, d, f a, b, c, g c, d, g c, e, g

a, c, d, f

Which are characteristic of leukocytes? a: Smaller than erythrocytes b: Have a nucleus c: Have no hemoglobin d: More numerous than erythrocytes e: Depending on type, may or may not contain granules Question options: a, b, c, d b, c, e b, c, d, e a, b, c, d, e a, b, e

b, c, e

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ . Question options: acidic, glucose acidic, protein sacidic, glycogen basic, glucose basic, proteins

basic, proteins

Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis?a: Proerythroblastb: Normoblastc: Myeloid stem celld: Reticulocytee: Erythroblastf: Mature erythrocyte Question options: c, a, e, b, d, f a, b, c, e, d, f a, c, d, b, e, f c, b, a, d, e, f c, a, b, e, d, f

c, a, e, b, d, f

The hilum of the spleen is part of its Question options: concave anteromedial border. concave posterolateral border. convex anteromedial border. convex posterolateral border.

concave anteromedial border.

Lymphatic organs Question options: contain a complete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue. contain an incomplete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue. lack a connective tissue capsule.

contain a complete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue.

Oxygen-poor blood is _________ in color. Question options: bright red dark red light blue dark blue

dark red

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will Question options: increase. decrease.

decrease.

In many of the elderly, leukocytes appear to be Question options: decreased in number and less efficient. decreased in number but more efficient. increased in number but more efficient. increased in number and more efficient.

decreased in number and less efficient.

Fibrinolysis involves ________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the protein _______. Question options: construction,thrombokinase construction,plasmin construction,actinomyosin destruction,plasmin destruction,thrombokinase

destruction,plasmin

The thymus contains lymphatic cells as well as secretory _________ tissue. Question options: muscle neural epithelial osseous areolar

epithelial

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of Question options: erythrocytes in the blood .leukocytes in the blood. platelets in the blood. plasma in the blood. all formed elements in the blood.

erythrocytes in the blood

The most numerous of the formed elements are the Question options: neutrophils. platelets. erythrocytes. basophils. albumins.

erythrocytes.

When blood is centrifuged and its components separate, the bottom of the tube holds the Question options: electrolytes and waste products .buffy coat. monocytes. erythrocytes. platelets. plasma.

erythrocytes.

The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are Question options: found on the surface of erythrocytes. found in the cytosol of the erythrocytes. located on the surface of the leukocytes. located in the cytosol of the leukocytes. part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen.

found on the surface of erythrocytes.

Lymphatic capillaries Question options: are open at both ends. are smaller in diameter than blood capillaries. are like continuous capillaries in that they have many tight junctions. lack a basement membrane .are abundant in epithelial tissues.

lack a basement membrane

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n) Question options: eosinophil. basophil. monocyte. lymphocyte. neutrophil.

monocyte.

Typically, a hilum of a lymph node contains Question options: one afferent lymphatic vessel. one efferent lymphatic vessel. numerous afferent vessels. numerous efferent vessels.

one efferent lymphatic vessel.

Prostacyclin is an eicosanoid that acts as a Question options: platelet attractant. platelet repellant.

platelet repellant.

Although they are not a site of lymphocyte formation, _________ lymphatic structures provide sites where immune responses are initiated. Question options: hemopoietic primary red marrow secondary

secondary

Vascular spasms last Question options: a few milliseconds when tissue damage is moderate. almost a full minute when tissue damage is extensive. several minutes when tissue damage is extensive. several hours when tissue damage is moderate.

several minutes when tissue damage is extensive.

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate Question options: the wrong blood type was used .the recipient had type AB blood. there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient blood .the donor had type O blood.

the wrong blood type was used

Lymphatic capillaries originate in the Question options: peripheral nervous system ganglia .red bone marrow. yellow bone marrow. tissue spaces between cells. cisterna chyli.

tissue spaces between cells.

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers Question options: vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. vasoconstriction and a decrease in heart rate. vasodilation and an increase in heart rate. vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate.

vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate.

B-lymphocytes are Question options: antibody-producing red blood cells. platelets that are generated in the thymus. white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow. immune system cells that are generated in the tonsils. blood cells found only in people with type B blood.

white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow.

Glucose is a Question options :polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma. polar molecule, and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood. nonpolar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma. nonpolar molecule, and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood.

:polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma.

Lymph is transported through a network of increasingly larger lymphatic passageways. What is the correct order of these, from smallest diameter to largest diameter? Question options: Capillaries - ducts - trunks - vessels Ducts - capillaries - vessels - trunks Vessels - capillaries - trunks - ducts Ducts - vessels - capillaries - trunks Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why? Question options: In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function. The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells. The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery. It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes. With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.

The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days. Question options: hemostasis, 120 hemostasis, 9 hematopoiesis, 120 hematopoiesis, 9

hemostasis, 9

The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are Question options: in the blood. in the lymph. ingested or inhaled. secreted by salivary glands.

ingested or inhaled.

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes Question options: are actually dead. .lack a nucleus and organelles. have lots of inclusion molecules. are not red. can form a rouleau when moving through a capillary.

lack a nucleus and organelles.

A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestine is called a(n) Question options: cisterna chyli. lacteal. afferent lymphatic vessel. trabeculum. efferent lymphatic vessel.

lacteal

Another name for a lymphatic follicle is a Question options: lymphatic nodule. white pulp. lymph node medulla. thymic lobule.

lymphatic nodule.

Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the Question options: urinary bladder. stomach. vagina. small intestine. trachea.

small intestine.

Subclavian trunks drain lymph from the Question options: deep thoracic structures. head and neck. upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax. abdominopelvic wall.

upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.